https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=83805
--- Comment #9 from Jakub Jelinek <jakub at gcc dot gnu.org> --- I don't see any bug actually. You are just saying that the str1 variable is __flash, during optimization (already in C FE) it optimizes str1[i] into "0123456789"[i] and that is the string literal that is mergeable, string literals unlike variables don't really have non-default address spaces. If you want to prevent that, either make the var const volatile, or use some optimization barrier, like: static const __flash char str1[] = "0123456789"; const char *ptr; __asm ("" : "=r" (ptr) : "0" (str1)); return ptr[i]; or similar.