https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=82004
--- Comment #2 from Andrey Guskov <andrey.y.guskov at intel dot com> --- Approximately a hundred different variables and function calls, the majority of which are raised to the second or third power, sometimes fourth or fifth. As 628.pop2_s is mostly written in Fortran 90, all of the cases look like c**x. I`m not sure if this gets transformed into pow() when x is constant, though. As for the cases where x is either not constant or non-integer, there are 22 of them: co2calc.F90: x1(i) = c10 ** (-phhi(i)) co2calc.F90: x2(i) = c10 ** (-phlo(i)) ecosys_mod.F90: Tfunc = Q_10**(((TEMP + T0_Kelvin)-(Tref + T0_Kelvin))/c10) ecosys_mod.F90: zoo_loss = z_mort2 * Zprime**1.4_r8 + z_mort * Zprime ecosys_mod.F90: TfuncS = 2.5_r8**(((TEMP + T0_Kelvin) - (Tref + T0_Kelvin)) / c10) hmix_del4.F90: AMF(:,:,iblock) = (UAREA(:,:,iblock)/uarea_equator)**1.5 hmix_del4.F90: AHF(:,:,iblock) = (TAREA(:,:,iblock)/uarea_equator)**1.5 hmix_gm.F90: BOLUS_SP(:,:,bid) = 50.0_r8 * sqrt(U_ISOP**c2 + V_ISOP**c2) overflows.F90: phi = c1-Fgeo**(-c2/c3) seq_flux_mct.F90: anidr = (.026_R8/(cosz**1.7_R8 + 0.065_R8)) shr_flux_mod.F90: temp = (zkB*zkB)**(1.0_R8/a2) ! note: zkB < 0, zkB*zkB > 0 shr_flux_mod.F90: temp = (zeta*zeta)**(1.0_R8/a2) ! note: zeta < 0, zeta*zeta > 0 state_mod.F90: st15 = salt**(1.5_r8) sw_absorption.F90: chlamnt = 10**(logchl) time_management.F90: ifact = 10**(string_length - n) vmix_kpp.F90: cg = cstar*vonkar*(c_s*vonkar*epssfc)**p33 vmix_kpp.F90: bckgrnd_vdc_psis= bckgrnd_vdc_psim*exp(-(0.4_r8*(tlatd+28.9_r8))**c2) vmix_kpp.F90: bckgrnd_vdc_psin= bckgrnd_vdc_psim*exp(-(0.4_r8*(tlatd-28.9_r8))**c2) vmix_kpp.F90: bckgrnd_vdc1 * (tlatd/10.0_r8)**c2 vmix_kpp.F90: WM(i,j) = vonkar*USTAR(i,j)*(c1 - c16*ZETA(i,j))**p25 vmix_kpp.F90: WM(i,j) = vonkar*(a_m*(USTAR(i,j)**3)-c_m*ZETAH(i,j))**p33 vmix_kpp.F90: WS(i,j) = vonkar*(a_s*(USTAR(i,j)**3)-c_s*ZETAH(i,j))**p33 ...Something tells me I didn`t get the question.