https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=81064
--- Comment #2 from Jonathan Wakely <redi at gcc dot gnu.org> --- EDG warns for that code: "ns.cc", line 9: warning: a redeclaration of inline namespace "n1::in" must be declared inline namespace in { } ^ But trunk still rejects it even with that change: namespace n1 { inline namespace in { } inline namespace n2 { inline namespace in { } } } namespace n1 { inline namespace in { } } ns.cc:9:20: error: conflicting declaration of namespace ‘n1::in’ inline namespace in { } ^~ ns.cc:2:20: note: previous declaration of namespace ‘n1::in’ here inline namespace in { } ^~