https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66962
--- Comment #10 from Markus Trippelsdorf <trippels at gcc dot gnu.org> --- Here is a somewhat reduced testcase: markus@x4 tmp % cat foo.ii namespace std { template <typename> struct remove_cv; template <typename> struct is_reference; template <typename> void declval(); template <typename> struct is_constructible; template <typename> struct is_nothrow_constructible; template <typename _Tp> using remove_cv_t = typename remove_cv<_Tp>::type; namespace meta { template <typename> struct Trans_NS_extension_apply_list; template <typename T> using _t = typename T::type; namespace ext { template <class> void ImplicitlyConvertibleTo(); } template <class> void Assignable(); namespace ext { template <class T, class... Args> int ConstructibleObject = requires { T{}; }; template <class T, class... Args> concept int BindableReference = std::is_reference<T>::value &&std::is_constructible<T>::value; template <class T, class... Args> concept bool Constructible() { return ext::ConstructibleObject<T> || ext::BindableReference<T, Args...>; } template <class T> concept bool DefaultConstructible() { return Constructible<T>() && requires { new T[0]; }; } template <class T> concept bool MoveConstructible() { return Constructible<T>() && ext::ImplicitlyConvertibleTo<T>; } template <class T> concept bool Movable() { return MoveConstructible<T>() && Assignable<T &&>; } namespace detail { template <class, class> int Swappable_ = requires { 0; }; template <class T, class U> int Swappable(); template <class T> concept int Dereferencable = requires{{0}}; } template <detail::Dereferencable R> using RvalueReferenceType = decltype(0); namespace detail { template <class T> int IsValueType; template <class> struct value_type; template <class T> requires detail::IsValueType< meta::_t<value_type<std::remove_cv_t<T>>>> using ValueType = meta::_t<value_type<std::remove_cv_t<T>>>; template <class I> concept bool Readable() { return Movable<I>() && DefaultConstructible<I>() && detail::Dereferencable<const I> && requires{{0}}; } template <class Out, class T> concept bool MoveWritable() { return Movable<Out>() && DefaultConstructible<Out>() && detail::Dereferencable<Out>; } template <class In, class Out> concept bool IndirectlyMovable() { return Readable<In>() && Movable<ValueType<In>>() && Constructible<ValueType<In>>() && MoveWritable<Out, RvalueReferenceType<In>>() && MoveWritable<Out, ValueType<In>>(); } IndirectlyMovable { In, Out } int is_nothrow_indirectly_movable_v = is_nothrow_constructible<ValueType<In>>::value; template <Readable R1, Readable R2> requires IndirectlyMovable<R1, R2>() && IndirectlyMovable<R2, R1>() void iter_swap2(); } } } } markus@x4 tmp % ulimit -v 3000000 && g++ -std=gnu++1z -c foo.ii virtual memory exhausted: Cannot allocate memory Perf shows: 17.64% cc1plus libc-2.21.90.so [.] _int_malloc 13.55% cc1plus cc1plus [.] decompose_assumptions 13.06% cc1plus libc-2.21.90.so [.] malloc_consolidate 11.61% cc1plus libc-2.21.90.so [.] _int_free 7.68% cc1plus cc1plus [.] gt_ggc_mx_lang_tree_node 6.87% cc1plus [kernel.kallsyms] [k] clear_page 5.91% cc1plus libc-2.21.90.so [.] malloc 4.51% cc1plus cc1plus [.] ggc_set_mark 3.90% cc1plus libc-2.21.90.so [.] free 2.61% cc1plus libc-2.21.90.so [.] memset