http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=60783
--- Comment #2 from Jonathan Wakely <redi at gcc dot gnu.org> --- (In reply to Parke from comment #0) > I in the output, I expect "e" through "l" to be identical. Your expectation is wrong. The functions that produce a different values from what you expect are binding a reference of some type X to an object that is not reference-compatible with X, which requires the creation of a temporary of type X. The temporary has a different address from the original object. Any conforming C++ compiler will produce similar results.