Here is a simpler workaround using a three-line Python source patch.

First, the title of this thread is, perhaps, misleading.  The bug occurs when 
installing a replica running a newer version of freeIPA than what is running on 
the server you are replicating from.  I don't know the entire range of 
versions, but in my case, the master server is running freeIPA 4.9.6 and the 
replica has 4.9.10.  The package for which the fix was tested is 
ipa-server-4.9.6-10 so I guess that is the boundary.

If only I could upgrade my master server to 4.9.6-10 or later.  But it is 
running CentOS 8 which, I believe, was dead-ended by CentOS Stream. And I 
didn't want to go through the version hell associated with trying to put 4.9.6 
freeIPA on my Fedora replica/client.

But patching the server turned out to be a piece of cake.  The fix is three 
lines in one python file: 
https://github.com/freeipa/freeipa/pull/6155/commits/018720248ab64300d90364127bc848ebf6c3d19d

On the master server, add these lines to 
/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ipaserver/secrets/handlers/pemfile.py (path 
might differ):

       '-keypbe', 'AES-256-CBC',
         '-certpbe', 'AES-256-CBC',
         '-macalg', 'sha384',

at the end of the call to ipautil.run() in the export_key() function ... around 
line 34 (see referenced commit delta).

Then delete the contents of the __pycache__ subdirectory (because I am always 
suspicious of caches).
Then reboot (because I am always suspicious of caches).

It took a while for my rebooted server's time to sync to good sources.  After 
that the ipa replica install succeeded.
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