On Fri, 10 May 2024, Gia Ferrari wrote:

Greetings,

I feel I've come up against the limits of my ability to narrow down the cause 
of a surprising behavior related to bitstream filters, and could use a pointer 
or two on where to focus my learning. A general description of the system 
challenge I'm trying to solve is at the bottom of this message if you're 
curious, but my primary interest is in understanding why my solution is 
yielding odd results.

Source file is HEVC, containing 1557 keyframes (and many more non-keyframes). 
I'd like to select only the keyframes before decoding (CPU is scarce), rescale 
the selected frames, and write to a new MP4.

$ ffmpeg -i test_input.mp4 -bsf:v "noise=drop=not(key)" -vf "scale=320:-1" -an 
-fps_mode vfr -enc_time_base -1 -c:v libx265 -crf 32 -preset ultrafast 
test_output_combined_command.mp4

This takes 5 minutes and is CPU-bound. It also generates much fewer frames than 
I expect, resulting in choppy video.

As far as I understand you want to filter the input with the BSF, so you should apply the BSF as an input option, preceeding "-i input". What you are doing instead is you are filtering the x265 encoded output with the BSF.

Regards,
Marton
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