On Tue,  5 May 2026 16:05:10 +0200
Ketil Johnsen <[email protected]> wrote:

> From: Florent Tomasin <[email protected]>
> 
> This patch allows Panthor to allocate buffer objects from a
> protected heap. The Panthor driver should be seen as a consumer
> of the heap and not an exporter.
> 
> Protected memory buffers needed by the Panthor driver:
> - On CSF FW load, the Panthor driver must allocate a protected
>   buffer object to hold data to use by the FW when in protected
>   mode. This protected buffer object is owned by the device
>   and does not belong to a process.
> - On CSG creation, the Panthor driver must allocate a protected
>   suspend buffer object for the FW to store data when suspending
>   the CSG while in protected mode. The kernel owns this allocation
>   and does not allow user space mapping. The format of the data
>   in this buffer is only known by the FW and does not need to be
>   shared with other entities.
> 
> The driver will retrieve the protected heap using the name of the
> heap provided to the driver as module parameter.
> 
> If the heap is not yet available, the panthor driver will defer
> the probe until created. It is an integration error to provide
> a heap name that does not exist or is never created.
> 
> Panthor is calling the DMA heap allocation function
> and obtains a DMA buffer from it. This buffer is then
> registered to GEM and imported.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Florent Tomasin <[email protected]>
> Co-developed-by: Ketil Johnsen <[email protected]>
> Signed-off-by: Ketil Johnsen <[email protected]>
> ---
>  Documentation/gpu/panthor.rst            | 47 +++++++++++++++
>  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/Kconfig          |  1 +
>  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.c | 28 ++++++++-
>  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h |  6 ++
>  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_fw.c     | 29 ++++++++-
>  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_fw.h     |  2 +
>  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c    | 77 ++++++++++++++++++++++--
>  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.h    | 16 ++++-
>  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_heap.c   |  2 +
>  drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_sched.c  | 11 +++-
>  10 files changed, 208 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/gpu/panthor.rst b/Documentation/gpu/panthor.rst
> index 7a841741278fb..be20eadea6dd5 100644
> --- a/Documentation/gpu/panthor.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/gpu/panthor.rst
> @@ -54,3 +54,50 @@ sync object arrays and heap chunks. Because they are all 
> allocated and pinned
>  at creation time, only `panthor-resident-memory` is necessary to tell us 
> their
>  size. `panthor-active-memory` shows the size of kernel BO's associated with
>  VM's and groups currently being scheduled for execution by the GPU.
> +
> +Panthor Protected Memory Integration
> +=====================================
> +
> +Panthor requires the platform to provide a protected DMA HEAP.
> +This DMA heap must be identifiable via a string name.
> +The name is defined by the system integrator, it could be hard coded
> +in the heap driver, defined by a module parameter of the heap driver
> +or else.
> +
> +.. code-block:: none
> +
> +    User
> +        ┌─────────────────────────────┐
> +        |           Application       |
> +        └─────────────▲───────────────┘
> +            |         |          |
> +            | DMA-BUF |          | Protected
> +            |         |          | Job Submission
> +    --------|---------|----------|---------
> +    Kernel  |         |          |
> +            |         |          |
> +            |         |  DMA-BUF |
> +    ┌───────▼─────────────┐    ┌─▼───────┐
> +    | DMA PROTECTED HEAP  |◄───| Panthor |
> +    | (Vendor specific)   |    |         |
> +    └─────────────────────┘    └─────────┘
> +            |                    |
> +    --------|--------------------|---------
> +    HW      |                    |
> +            |                    |
> +    ┌───────▼───────────────┐  ┌─▼───┐
> +    | Trusted FW            |  |     |
> +    | Protected Memory      ◄──► GPU |
> +    └───────────────────────┘  └─────┘
> +
> +To configure Panthor to use the protected memory heap, pass the protected 
> memory
> +heap string name as module parameter of the Panthor module.
> +
> +Example:
> +
> +    .. code-block:: shell
> +
> +        insmod panthor.ko protected_heap_name=“vendor_protected_heap"
> +
> +If `protected_heap_name` module parameter is not provided, Panthor will not 
> support
> +protected job execution.
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/Kconfig b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/Kconfig
> index 911e7f4810c39..fb0bad9a0fd2b 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/Kconfig
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/Kconfig
> @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ config DRM_PANTHOR
>       depends on !GENERIC_ATOMIC64  # for IOMMU_IO_PGTABLE_LPAE
>       depends on MMU
>       select DEVFREQ_GOV_SIMPLE_ONDEMAND
> +     select DMABUF_HEAPS
>       select DRM_EXEC
>       select DRM_GPUVM
>       select DRM_SCHED
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.c 
> b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.c
> index bc62a498a8a84..3a5cdfa99e5fe 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.c
> @@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
>  /* Copyright 2025 ARM Limited. All rights reserved. */
>  
>  #include <linux/clk.h>
> +#include <linux/dma-heap.h>
>  #include <linux/mm.h>
> +#include <linux/of.h>
>  #include <linux/platform_device.h>
>  #include <linux/pm_domain.h>
>  #include <linux/pm_runtime.h>
> @@ -27,6 +29,10 @@
>  #include "panthor_regs.h"
>  #include "panthor_sched.h"
>  
> +MODULE_PARM_DESC(protected_heap_name, "DMA heap name, from which to allocate 
> protected buffers");
> +static char *protected_heap_name;
> +module_param(protected_heap_name, charp, 0444);
> +
>  static int panthor_gpu_coherency_init(struct panthor_device *ptdev)
>  {
>       BUILD_BUG_ON(GPU_COHERENCY_NONE != DRM_PANTHOR_GPU_COHERENCY_NONE);
> @@ -127,6 +133,9 @@ void panthor_device_unplug(struct panthor_device *ptdev)
>       panthor_gpu_unplug(ptdev);
>       panthor_pwr_unplug(ptdev);
>  
> +     if (ptdev->protm.heap)
> +             dma_heap_put(ptdev->protm.heap);
> +
>       pm_runtime_dont_use_autosuspend(ptdev->base.dev);
>       pm_runtime_put_sync_suspend(ptdev->base.dev);
>  
> @@ -277,9 +286,21 @@ int panthor_device_init(struct panthor_device *ptdev)
>                       return ret;
>       }
>  
> +     /* If a protected heap name is specified but not found, defer the probe 
> until created */
> +     if (protected_heap_name && strlen(protected_heap_name)) {

Do we really need this strlen() > 0? Won't dma_heap_find() fail is the
name is "" already?

> +             ptdev->protm.heap = dma_heap_find(protected_heap_name);
> +             if (!ptdev->protm.heap) {
> +                     drm_warn(&ptdev->base,
> +                              "Protected heap \'%s\' not (yet) available - 
> deferring probe",
> +                              protected_heap_name);
> +                     ret = -EPROBE_DEFER;
> +                     goto err_rpm_put;

If you move the heap retrieval before the rpm enablement, you can get
rid of this goto err_rpm_put.

> +             }
> +     }
> +
>       ret = panthor_hw_init(ptdev);
>       if (ret)
> -             goto err_rpm_put;
> +             goto err_dma_heap_put;
>  
>       ret = panthor_pwr_init(ptdev);
>       if (ret)
> @@ -343,6 +364,11 @@ int panthor_device_init(struct panthor_device *ptdev)
>  
>  err_rpm_put:
>       pm_runtime_put_sync_suspend(ptdev->base.dev);
> +
> +err_dma_heap_put:
> +     if (ptdev->protm.heap)
> +             dma_heap_put(ptdev->protm.heap);

Let's use drmm_add_action_or_reset() so we don't need this manual
dma_heap_put() here or in the panthor_device_unplug() path.

> +
>       return ret;
>  }
>  
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h 
> b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h
> index 5cba272f9b4de..d51fec97fc5fa 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_device.h
> @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
>  #define __PANTHOR_DEVICE_H__
>  
>  #include <linux/atomic.h>
> +#include <linux/dma-heap.h>
>  #include <linux/io-pgtable.h>
>  #include <linux/regulator/consumer.h>
>  #include <linux/pm_runtime.h>
> @@ -329,6 +330,11 @@ struct panthor_device {
>               struct list_head node;
>       } gems;
>  #endif
> +     /** @protm: Protected mode related data. */
> +     struct {
> +             /** @heap: Pointer to the protected heap */
> +             struct dma_heap *heap;
> +     } protm;
>  };
>  
>  struct panthor_gpu_usage {
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_fw.c 
> b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_fw.c
> index 0d07a133dc3af..1aba29b9779b6 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_fw.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_fw.c
> @@ -500,6 +500,7 @@ panthor_fw_alloc_queue_iface_mem(struct panthor_device 
> *ptdev,
>  
>       mem = panthor_kernel_bo_create(ptdev, ptdev->fw->vm, SZ_8K,
>                                      DRM_PANTHOR_BO_NO_MMAP,
> +                                    0,
>                                      DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_NOEXEC |
>                                      DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_UNCACHED,
>                                      PANTHOR_VM_KERNEL_AUTO_VA,
> @@ -534,6 +535,26 @@ panthor_fw_alloc_suspend_buf_mem(struct panthor_device 
> *ptdev, size_t size)
>  {
>       return panthor_kernel_bo_create(ptdev, panthor_fw_vm(ptdev), size,
>                                       DRM_PANTHOR_BO_NO_MMAP,
> +                                     0,
> +                                     DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_NOEXEC,
> +                                     PANTHOR_VM_KERNEL_AUTO_VA,
> +                                     "suspend_buf");
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * panthor_fw_alloc_protm_suspend_buf_mem() - Allocate a protm suspend buffer
> + * for a command stream group.
> + * @ptdev: Device.
> + * @size: Size of the protm suspend buffer.
> + *
> + * Return: A valid pointer in case of success, an ERR_PTR() otherwise.
> + */
> +struct panthor_kernel_bo *
> +panthor_fw_alloc_protm_suspend_buf_mem(struct panthor_device *ptdev, size_t 
> size)
> +{
> +     return panthor_kernel_bo_create(ptdev, panthor_fw_vm(ptdev), size,
> +                                     DRM_PANTHOR_BO_NO_MMAP,
> +                                     DRM_PANTHOR_KBO_PROTECTED_HEAP,
>                                       DRM_PANTHOR_VM_BIND_OP_MAP_NOEXEC,
>                                       PANTHOR_VM_KERNEL_AUTO_VA,
>                                       "FW suspend buffer");
> @@ -547,6 +568,7 @@ static int panthor_fw_load_section_entry(struct 
> panthor_device *ptdev,
>       ssize_t vm_pgsz = panthor_vm_page_size(ptdev->fw->vm);
>       struct panthor_fw_binary_section_entry_hdr hdr;
>       struct panthor_fw_section *section;
> +     u32 kbo_flags = 0;
>       u32 section_size;
>       u32 name_len;
>       int ret;
> @@ -585,10 +607,13 @@ static int panthor_fw_load_section_entry(struct 
> panthor_device *ptdev,
>               return -EINVAL;
>       }
>  
> -     if (hdr.flags & CSF_FW_BINARY_IFACE_ENTRY_PROT) {
> +     if ((hdr.flags & CSF_FW_BINARY_IFACE_ENTRY_PROT) && !ptdev->protm.heap) 
> {
>               drm_warn(&ptdev->base,
>                        "Firmware protected mode entry is not supported, 
> ignoring");
>               return 0;
> +     } else if ((hdr.flags & CSF_FW_BINARY_IFACE_ENTRY_PROT) && 
> ptdev->protm.heap) {
> +             drm_info(&ptdev->base, "Firmware protected mode entry 
> supported");
> +             kbo_flags = DRM_PANTHOR_KBO_PROTECTED_HEAP;
>       }
>  
>       if (hdr.va.start == CSF_MCU_SHARED_REGION_START &&
> @@ -653,7 +678,7 @@ static int panthor_fw_load_section_entry(struct 
> panthor_device *ptdev,
>  
>               section->mem = panthor_kernel_bo_create(ptdev, 
> panthor_fw_vm(ptdev),
>                                                       section_size,
> -                                                     DRM_PANTHOR_BO_NO_MMAP,
> +                                                     DRM_PANTHOR_BO_NO_MMAP, 
> kbo_flags,
>                                                       vm_map_flags, va, "FW 
> section");
>               if (IS_ERR(section->mem))
>                       return PTR_ERR(section->mem);
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_fw.h 
> b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_fw.h
> index fbdc21469ba32..0cf3761abf789 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_fw.h
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_fw.h
> @@ -509,6 +509,8 @@ panthor_fw_alloc_queue_iface_mem(struct panthor_device 
> *ptdev,
>                                u32 *input_fw_va, u32 *output_fw_va);
>  struct panthor_kernel_bo *
>  panthor_fw_alloc_suspend_buf_mem(struct panthor_device *ptdev, size_t size);
> +struct panthor_kernel_bo *
> +panthor_fw_alloc_protm_suspend_buf_mem(struct panthor_device *ptdev, size_t 
> size);
>  
>  struct panthor_vm *panthor_fw_vm(struct panthor_device *ptdev);
>  
> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c 
> b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
> index 13295d7a593df..08fe4a5e43817 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/panthor/panthor_gem.c
> @@ -20,12 +20,17 @@
>  #include <drm/drm_print.h>
>  #include <drm/panthor_drm.h>
>  
> +#include <uapi/linux/dma-heap.h>
> +
>  #include "panthor_device.h"
>  #include "panthor_drv.h"
>  #include "panthor_fw.h"
>  #include "panthor_gem.h"
>  #include "panthor_mmu.h"
>  
> +MODULE_IMPORT_NS("DMA_BUF");
> +MODULE_IMPORT_NS("DMA_BUF_HEAP");
> +
>  void panthor_gem_init(struct panthor_device *ptdev)
>  {
>       int err;
> @@ -466,7 +471,6 @@ static void panthor_gem_free_object(struct drm_gem_object 
> *obj)
>       }
>  
>       drm_gem_object_release(obj);
> -
>       kfree(bo);
>       drm_gem_object_put(vm_root_gem);
>  }
> @@ -1026,6 +1030,7 @@ panthor_gem_create(struct drm_device *dev, size_t size, 
> uint32_t flags,
>       }
>  
>       panthor_gem_debugfs_set_usage_flags(bo, usage_flags);
> +
>       return bo;
>  
>  err_put:
> @@ -1033,6 +1038,54 @@ panthor_gem_create(struct drm_device *dev, size_t 
> size, uint32_t flags,
>       return ERR_PTR(ret);
>  }
>  
> +static struct panthor_gem_object *
> +panthor_gem_create_protected(struct panthor_device *ptdev, size_t size,
> +                          uint32_t flags, struct panthor_vm *exclusive_vm,
> +                          u32 usage_flags)
> +{
> +     struct dma_buf *dma_bo = NULL;

s/dma_bo/dmabuf/

> +     struct drm_gem_object *gem_obj;
> +     struct panthor_gem_object *bo;
> +     int ret;
> +
> +     if (!ptdev->protm.heap)
> +             return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
> +
> +     if (flags != DRM_PANTHOR_BO_NO_MMAP)
> +             return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
> +
> +     if (!exclusive_vm)
> +             return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
> +
> +     dma_bo = dma_heap_buffer_alloc(ptdev->protm.heap, size, 
> DMA_HEAP_VALID_FD_FLAGS,
> +                                    DMA_HEAP_VALID_HEAP_FLAGS);
> +     if (IS_ERR(dma_bo))
> +             return ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(dma_bo));
> +
> +     gem_obj = drm_gem_prime_import(&ptdev->base, dma_bo);

You can call

        dma_buf_put(dma_bo);

here. If the prime_import worked, it should have acquired a ref on the
dmabuf, and if it failed, we want to drop the ref anyway.

> +     if (IS_ERR(gem_obj)) {
> +             ret = PTR_ERR(gem_obj);

                return PTR_ERR(gem_obj);

> +             goto err_free_dma_bo;
> +     }
> +
> +     bo = to_panthor_bo(gem_obj);
> +     bo->flags = flags;
> +
> +     panthor_gem_debugfs_set_usage_flags(bo, usage_flags);
> +
> +     bo->exclusive_vm_root_gem = panthor_vm_root_gem(exclusive_vm);
> +     drm_gem_object_get(bo->exclusive_vm_root_gem);
> +     bo->base.resv = bo->exclusive_vm_root_gem->resv;
> +
> +     return bo;
> +
> +err_free_dma_bo:
> +     if (dma_bo)
> +             dma_buf_put(dma_bo);
> +
> +     return ERR_PTR(ret);

This error path can go away.

> +}
> +
>  struct drm_gem_object *
>  panthor_gem_prime_import_sg_table(struct drm_device *dev,
>                                 struct dma_buf_attachment *attach,
> @@ -1242,12 +1295,17 @@ void panthor_kernel_bo_destroy(struct 
> panthor_kernel_bo *bo)
>  {
>       struct panthor_device *ptdev;
>       struct panthor_vm *vm;
> +     struct dma_buf *dma_bo = NULL;
>  
>       if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(bo))
>               return;
>  
>       ptdev = container_of(bo->obj->dev, struct panthor_device, base);
>       vm = bo->vm;
> +
> +     if (bo->flags & DRM_PANTHOR_KBO_PROTECTED_HEAP)
> +             dma_bo = bo->obj->import_attach->dmabuf;
> +
>       panthor_kernel_bo_vunmap(bo);
>  
>       drm_WARN_ON(bo->obj->dev,
> @@ -1257,6 +1315,10 @@ void panthor_kernel_bo_destroy(struct 
> panthor_kernel_bo *bo)
>       if (vm == panthor_fw_vm(ptdev))
>               panthor_gem_unpin(to_panthor_bo(bo->obj));
>       drm_gem_object_put(bo->obj);
> +
> +     if (dma_bo)
> +             dma_buf_put(dma_bo);

With panthor_gem_create_protected() tweaked as suggested, you don't
need this extra dma_buf_put(), and the dma_bo can go away.
> +
>       panthor_vm_put(vm);
>       kfree(bo);
>  }
> @@ -1267,6 +1329,7 @@ void panthor_kernel_bo_destroy(struct panthor_kernel_bo 
> *bo)
>   * @vm: VM to map the GEM to.
>   * @size: Size of the buffer object.
>   * @bo_flags: Combination of drm_panthor_bo_flags flags.
> + * @kbo_flags: Combination of drm_panthor_kbo_flags flags.
>   * @vm_map_flags: Combination of drm_panthor_vm_bind_op_flags (only those
>   * that are related to map operations).
>   * @gpu_va: GPU address assigned when mapping to the VM.
> @@ -1278,8 +1341,8 @@ void panthor_kernel_bo_destroy(struct panthor_kernel_bo 
> *bo)
>   */
>  struct panthor_kernel_bo *
>  panthor_kernel_bo_create(struct panthor_device *ptdev, struct panthor_vm *vm,
> -                      size_t size, u32 bo_flags, u32 vm_map_flags,
> -                      u64 gpu_va, const char *name)
> +                      size_t size, u32 bo_flags, u32 kbo_flags,

Rather than adding new flags and having to patch all current
panthor_kernel_bo_create() users as a result, I'd just add a
panthor_kernel_bo_create_protected() helper. If you want to share the
rest of the logic in panthor_kernel_bo_create(), just add a static
panthor_kernel_bo_create_from_gem() helper taking a panthor_gem_object,
and have panthor_kernel_bo_create[_protected]() call this internal
helper.

> +                      u32 vm_map_flags, u64 gpu_va, const char *name)
>  {
>       struct panthor_kernel_bo *kbo;
>       struct panthor_gem_object *bo;

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