The servers don’t return NXDOMAIN for non existent names.  

-- 
Mark Andrews

> On 28 Mar 2023, at 22:01, Peter DeVries <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
> <snip>
> 
>> The queries for "_.extglb.tn.gov. IN A ?" in your PCAP are a novelty to
>> me.  Are these some form of query minimisation, or some sort of sanity
>> check of the delegation?  Sadly, the "tn.gov" nameserver just drops
>> these without responding, so their failure could well contribute to the
>> problems you observe.
> 
> These are indeed how BIND does qname minimization in "relaxed" mode
> which is currently the default.
> 
> We almost blocked these because we didn't know what they were but then
> I stumbled upon one of the old RFC drafts for query minimization and
> it does mention this as a technique.  I could see someone else doing
> so as well because it did make up a very large percentage of our
> inbound queries and there isn't much documentation on it.
> 
> Peter

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