I didn't get the above steps to work, so I choose a different way.

I've tried to compile the missing "bochs-drm" module by following these
steps :

    apt-get install linux-source-4.18.0
    cd /usr/src/linux-source-4.18.0/
    tar xjf linux-source-4.18.0.tar.bz2
    cd linux-source-4.18.0/
    apt-get install bison
    apt-get install flex
    apt-get install libelf-dev
    make oldconfig
    make menuconfig

In the menus I searched and enabled the module CONFIG_DRM_BOCHS=m
Then I launched the compilation :

    make modules
    # Get some coffee
    mkdir /lib/modules/4.18.0-12-generic/kernel/drivers/gpu/drm/bochs
    cp drivers/gpu/drm/bochs/*.ko 
/lib/modules/4.18.0-12-generic/kernel/drivers/gpu/drm/bochs
    depmod -a
    modprobe bochs-drm

This didn't work and I got the following message in "dmesg" :
bochs_drm: version magic '4.18.17 SMP mod_unload ' should be '4.18.0-12-generic 
SMP mod_unload '

But I found a way to change it by editing the main Makefile and changing :
    SUBLEVEL = 17
    EXTRAVERSION =
To the values :
    SUBLEVEL = 0
    EXTRAVERSION = -12-generic

Then I restarted a clean compilation :

    make clean
    make modules
    # Get some coffee
    cp drivers/gpu/drm/bochs/*.ko 
/lib/modules/4.18.0-12-generic/kernel/drivers/gpu/drm/bochs
    depmod -a
    modprobe bochs-drm
    systemctl start sddm

And then I got SDDM back on screen !

I hope bochs-drm will be included in future standard kernel, as asked
for in bug 1795857, because these steps will be necessary after each
update of the standard kernel.

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You received this bug notification because you are a member of Desktop
Packages, which is subscribed to xorg-server in Ubuntu.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1802950

Title:
  X.org crashes after upgrade to 18.10

Status in xorg-server package in Ubuntu:
  Invalid

Bug description:
  After the upgrade from 18.04 to 18.10, SDDM fails to start. This happens with 
kernel 4.18.0-10 and 4.15.0-36 (it was the chance to discover grub-reboot)
  See SDDM crash file attached.

  The machine is a virtual machine, and PCI devices use virtio-pci
  driver for example.

  I looked into /var/log/Xorg.0.log and found many error messages, the first 
one being :
  (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory
  See Xorg log file and crash file attached.

  Then I looked at the output of 'lspci -vvnn' and it seems that no kernel 
driver manages the VGA Controller.
  See output of 'lspci -vvnn' attached

  According to the following message, the missing kernel driver may be : 
bochs-drm or virtio-vga
  https://www.redhat.com/archives/libvir-list/2015-August/msg00220.html

  # lsb_release -rd
  Description:    Ubuntu 18.10
  Release:        18.10

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