Hello again Felix,
Fist thing first: sorry for having not read your first post carefully
enough :-)
From what I gather, the LTS team has provided the
linux-image-6.1.0-0.deb11.31-amd64-unsigned package through Bullseye
Security, without modifying the linux-image-amd64 package nor providing
an upgraded backported kernel
Perhaps (mere supposition) you could create a bug against the
linux-image-amd64 Bullseye package, asking it being modified to depend
upon linux-image-6.1.0-0.deb11.31-amd64-unsigned?
And, yes it seems safe to install
linux-image-6.1.0-0.deb11.31-amd64-unsigned.
But however, your current kernel 6.1 from Bullseye Backports does seem
affected by a bug?
https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/pkgreport.cgi?pkg=linux-image-6.1.0-0.deb11.21-amd64;dist=unstable