Thank you all for your response. Just to explain: I have only "standard" partitions. One for /boot, /, /usr, /var and /home. Most of them are luks encrypted.
This cloning I did often ovetr the years. My debian is rather old (means, first install years ago, but it was of course upgraded) and during the years, I cloned it from mechanical harddrive to SSD, then to a bigger SSD and so on. This worked well and without any issues using clonezilla, resizing with gparted and resize2fs intelligently. Although, first it was a change from /dev/hdaX to /dev/sdaX, this was well and easlily done until I changed to UUID. Even with this, the cloning worked perfectly without any flaws. But /dev/hda and /dev /sda are very similar, except of the naming scheme. But I never used NVME drives before and know (shame on me!) not much about it. If NVME are only super fast SSD's, then it will be easy, but if NVME are a complete alien hardware, then I might come in trouble (Nothing, that can not be fixed!). So I asked here, maybe someone did the already the same, I intend to do and could give me some clues. In the next days I get my new notebook and will report of my success. Maybe it will be helpfull for other people, too. Have fun! Hans