On Fri, Sep 13, 2024 at 08:33:55PM +0200, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
 tomas@caliban:~$ time sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=1M ; time sync
 dd: error writing '/dev/sdb': No space left on device
 15268+0 records in
 15267+0 records out
 16008609792 bytes (16 GB, 15 GiB) copied, 3614.25 s, 4.4 MB/s

 real    60m14.260s
 user    0m0.005s
 sys     0m0.007s

 real    0m0.077s
 user    0m0.002s
 sys     0m0.000s

I interpret that this way: after 16G of dd (the stick is 16G) there isn't
a significant amount of buffers lying around waiting to be flushed to the
stick (it's a slow USB, as suggested by the 60m the dd took, so if there
were a lot of buffers, we'd see more than .077 sec for the sync).

It's an invalid test because you hit the end of the device; there's nothing left to sync.

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