Stefan Monnier wrote: 
> > My guess is that the upgrade in question was carried out while the VM
> > was running, and when the upgrade tried to unload one or more relevant
> > kernel modules, the kernel refused to let that happen because the module
> > was in use.
> 
> Hmm... I can't remember ever seeing an upgrade remove kernel modules.
> When/why would that happen?

Doing this while running is odd. However --

ZFS is supplied via DKMS, which needs to have the proper version
of kernel headers installed to build it. There are configuration
choices which can be made so that:

- with kernel v1, headers v1 are installed and DKMS builds ZFS

- an apt upgrade occurs, installing kernel v2

- with kernel v2, headers v2 are not installed and DKMS cannot
build ZFS. After reboot, ZFS pools cannot be found.

In which case installing v2 of the headers will allow DKMS to
rebuild ZFS, and pools will either be automatically found or can
be found with 'zfs import'.

-dsr-

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