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Hi. On Fri, Sep 22, 2017 at 07:07:28PM +0000, 慕 冬亮 wrote: > qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel /boot/vmlinuz-4.12.0-1-amd64 -hda > qemu-stretch.img -append "root=/dev/sda1 single" > > However, the result shows that "VFS: unable to mount root fs". And that's exactly how it should be. I'm not sure about jessie's kernel, but stretch one has ext support built as a module (CONFIG_EXT4_FS=m). Meaning - if you want to boot from ext2/ext4 filesystem you'll need initrd. This qemu invocation does not supply one. > I learn the method from the following website: > > https://www.collabora.com/news-and-blog/blog/2017/01/16/setting-up-qemu-kvm-for-kernel-development/ I'm genuinely surprised that such method worked for them. Reco