I have been running version 7.11 of Debian for several years on a desktop with a dual boot of windows and linux via grub. I upgraded to windows 10 roughly 8 months ago, and the system continued to work.
On January 9, I noticed that the grub menu no longer displayed a windows option, instead displaying linux options twice. This problem may have occurred earlier without my noticing it. The file /boot/grub/grub.cfg was modified on January 4. I do not know enough to interpret it. I give below an abridged output from fdisk -l. I suspect the windows 10 system is supposed to be on /dev/sda1 or /dev/sda2, but I don't understand what's going on. Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 3074047 1536000 27 Hidden NTFS WinRE /dev/sda2 3074048 491355297 244140625 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda3 1924173824 1953523711 14674944 17 Hidden HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda4 491356158 1924173823 716408833 5 Extended Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 491356160 1890959359 699801600 83 Linux /dev/sda6 1890961408 1924173823 16606208 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition table entries are not in disk order