I have recently had to replace my old Nvidia graphics card so I got a: GeForce GT730
soon as I did this and a few kernel upgrades later (currently) Linux 4.2.0-1-amd64 my sound card listed in lspci: Multimedia audio controller: C-Media Electronics Inc CMI8788 [Oxygen HD Audio] (that's the driver from my Xonar D1 sound card) was replaced with these two entries in the alsa mixer: IEC958 and IEC958 1 these two are not muted (green speakers) and IEC958 1 is the only one that works in the sense it can be muted and un-muted ALSA Mixer keyboard command but there's no keyboard volume slider control (up down) and no volume shown in IEC958 1 here's some info: /proc/asound/cards 0 [NVidia ]: HDA-Intel - HDA NVidia HDA NVidia at 0xfbdfc000 irq 16 /etc/asound.conf pcm.!default { type plug slave.pcm { type hw HDMI 0 device 3 } } (a script I found online and modified card 0 for HDMI 0) # service alsa-utils start Failed to start alsa-utils.service: Unit alsa-utils.service is masked. don't know what this means # alsactl init alsactl: sysfs_init:48: sysfs path '/sys' is invalid Found hardware: "HDA-Intel" "Nvidia GPU 51 HDMI/DP" "HDA:10de0051,196e1119,00100100" "0x196e" "0x1119" Hardware is initialized using a generic method not sure about this either # aplay -l **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** card 0: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1] Subdevices: 0/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 The mystery: If I open the VLC media player and select the following audio device: HDA Nvidia HDMI 1 HDMI Audio Output among the list of 'available' audio devices I get sound from my GeForce GT730 using an HDMI cable connected to the back of a Sony TV. (my only HDMI input monitor) So there's sound in VLC and that's good but no sound from the Spotify client or web browsers. why do you think there's no volume available in the operating device (IEC958 1) in the ALSA Mixer? Normally the keyboard command (up down keys) would raise or lower these sliders to indicate volume. This detail might indicate why there's no sound in the Spotify client or web browsers, but if that's so why is there sound in VLC? although I am getting sound from the Audio side of my GeForce GT730 GPU why do you think there is incomplete utilization of the options available in the ALSA Mixer? The VLC player lists the contents of #aplay -L for all audio devices found, where in ALSA can I list this one that works, because I thought it was already listed in /etc/asound.conf (card 0 device 3) this corresponds to the listing in #aplay -l (HDMI 0 device 3) -- CK