Debian has not actually changed the upstream so-name. The libcurl3 package actually contains libcurl.so.4, and a symlink to that from libcurl.so.3. Please see the debian.release thread for more details: http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.debian.devel.release/17257
Binaries built against other distros' libcurl.so.4 should be compatible with debian's libcurl3.
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