After some browsing on bugzilla.gnome.org and a successful try to start evolution with --disable-eplugin, I figured out that the update of evolution to 2.24 seems to introduce some incompatiblity with mail-notification-evolution (5.4.dfsg.1-1+b1).
After removing that package, evolution starts up normally and seems to be usable again. The bug severity may be lowered accordingly and/or the bug may be reassigned to mail-notification-evolution. (?) -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-bugs-dist-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of "unsubscribe". Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org