I can reproduce this issue on Debian 12.11 (Bookworm) with kernel 6.1.0-35-amd64.
After upgrading from 12.9, my system hangs at "Loading initial ramdisk". The issue disappears when booting the fallback recovery mode or using an older kernel (6.1.0-30-amd64). I verified that CONFIG_MODULE_DECOMPRESS is not set in the broken kernel. The system is running on a Hyper-V Generation 2 virtual machine (EFI boot). My version of initramfs-tools is 0.142+deb12u3, so the problem does not require 0.146 to manifest. Let me know if I you need any other infos to reproduce the problem. Guillaume