Package: e2fsprogs
Version: 1.47.1-1
Severity: minor
Tags: patch
Dear Maintainer,
* What led up to the situation?
Checking for defects with
[test-]groff -mandoc -t -K utf8 -ww -b -z <man page>
[test-groff is a script in the repository for "groff"]
* What was the outcome of this action?
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':750
troff:<stdin>:750: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':752
troff:<stdin>:752: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':754
troff:<stdin>:754: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':756
troff:<stdin>:756: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':758
troff:<stdin>:758: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':760
troff:<stdin>:760: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':762
troff:<stdin>:762: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':764
troff:<stdin>:764: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':766
troff:<stdin>:766: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':768
troff:<stdin>:768: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':770
troff:<stdin>:770: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':772
troff:<stdin>:772: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':774
troff:<stdin>:774: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':776
troff:<stdin>:776: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':778
troff:<stdin>:778: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':780
troff:<stdin>:780: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':782
troff:<stdin>:782: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':784
troff:<stdin>:784: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':786
troff:<stdin>:786: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':788
troff:<stdin>:788: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':790
troff:<stdin>:790: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':792
troff:<stdin>:792: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
* What outcome did you expect instead?
No output (warnings).
-.-
Remarks and a patch are in the attachments.
-- System Information:
Debian Release: trixie/sid
APT prefers testing
APT policy: (500, 'testing')
Architecture: amd64 (x86_64)
Kernel: Linux 6.7.12-amd64 (SMP w/2 CPU threads; PREEMPT)
Locale: LANG=is_IS.iso88591, LC_CTYPE=is_IS.iso88591 (charmap=ISO-8859-1),
LANGUAGE not set
Shell: /bin/sh linked to /usr/bin/dash
Init: sysvinit (via /sbin/init)
Versions of packages e2fsprogs depends on:
ii libblkid1 2.40.1-8
ii libc6 2.38-12
ii libcom-err2 1.47.1-1
ii libext2fs2t64 1.47.1-1
ii libss2 1.47.1-1
ii libuuid1 2.40.1-8
ii logsave 1.47.1-1
Versions of packages e2fsprogs recommends:
pn e2fsprogs-l10n <none>
Versions of packages e2fsprogs suggests:
pn e2fsck-static <none>
pn fuse2fs <none>
pn gpart <none>
ii parted 3.6-4
-- no debconf information
Any program (person), that produces man pages, should check its content for
defects by using
groff -mandoc -t -ww -b -z [ -K utf8 | k ] <man page>
The same goes for man pages that are used as an input.
For a style guide use
mandoc -T lint
-.-
So any generator should check its products with the above mentioned
'groff' and additionally with 'nroff ...'.
This is just a simple quality control measure.
The generator may have to be corrected to get a better man page,
the source file may, and any additional file may.
-.-
The difference between the formatted outputs can be seen with:
nroff -mandoc <file1> > <out1>
nroff -mandoc <file2> > <out2>
diff -u <out1> <out2>
and for groff, using
"printf '%s\n%s\n' '.kern 0' '.ss 12 0' | groff -mandoc -Z - "
instead of "nroff -mandoc"
Add the option "-t", if the file contains a table.
Read the output of "diff -u" with "less -R" or similar.
-.-.
If "man" (man-db) is used to check the manual for warnings,
the following must be set:
The option "-warnings=w"
The environmental variable:
export MAN_KEEP_STDERR=yes (or any non-empty value)
or
(produce only warnings):
export MANROFFOPT="-ww -z"
export MAN_KEEP_STDERR=yes (or any non-empty value)
-.-.
Output from "mandoc -T lint ext4.5": (possibly shortened list)
mandoc: ext4.5:397:88: STYLE: input text line longer than 80 bytes:
(check=normal and ch...
mandoc: ext4.5:398:88: STYLE: input text line longer than 80 bytes: don't have
to be sup...
mandoc: ext4.5:520:31: STYLE: unterminated quoted argument
mandoc: ext4.5:614:83: STYLE: input text line longer than 80 bytes: defaults to
15000\ \...
mandoc: ext4.5:671:81: STYLE: input text line longer than 80 bytes: file system
metadata...
-.-.
Lines containing '\c':
671:file system metadata blocks within internal data structures. This allows
multi-\c
-.-
Mark a full stop (.) and the exclamation mark (!) with "\&",
if it does not mean an end of a sentence.
This is a preventive action,
the paragraph could be reshaped, e.g., after changes.
When typing, one does not always notice when the line wraps after the
period.
There are too many examples of input lines in manual pages,
that end with an abbreviation point.
This marking is robust, and independent of the position on the line.
It corresponds to "\ " in TeX, and to "@:" in Texinfo.
102:etc.) is
423:file system. grpquota enables group quotas support. You need the quota
utilities
459:(e.g. blocksize, blocks per group,
541:ext3 also supports journaled quotas (version 2 quota). jqfmt=vfsv0 or
691:cause severe performance problems or even provoke the Out Of Memory killer.
(For
-.-.
Change a HYPHEN-MINUS (code 0x2D) to a minus(-dash) (\-),
if it
is in front of a name for an option,
is a symbol for standard input,
is a single character used to indicate an option,
or is in the NAME section (man-pages(7)).
N.B. - (0x2D), processed as a UTF-8 file, is changed to a hyphen
(0x2010, groff \[u2010] or \[hy]) in the output.
716:.BR a " - append only"
718:.BR A " - no atime updates"
720:.BR d " - no dump"
722:.BR D " - synchronous directory updates"
724:.BR i " - immutable"
726:.BR S " - synchronous updates"
728:.BR u " - undeletable"
732:.BR j " - data journaling"
736:.BR e " - extents format"
-.-.
Add a comma (or \&) after "e.g." and "i.e.", or use English words
(man-pages(7)).
Abbreviation points should be protected against being interpreted as
an end of sentence, if they are not, and that independent of the
current place on the line.
459:(e.g. blocksize, blocks per group,
-.-.
Wrong distance between sentences.
Separate the sentences and subordinate clauses; each begins on a new
line. See man-pages(7) ("Conventions for source file layout") and
"info groff" ("Input Conventions").
The best procedure is to always start a new sentence on a new line,
at least, if you are typing on a computer.
Remember coding: Only one command ("sentence") on each (logical) line.
E-mail: Easier to quote exactly the relevant lines.
Generally: Easier to edit the sentence.
Patches: Less unaffected text.
Search for two adjacent words is easier, when they belong to the same line,
and the same phrase.
The amount of space between sentences in the output can then be
controlled with the ".ss" request.
N.B.
The number of lines affected can be too large to be in the patch.
93:the inode or the inode's associated extended attribute block. This feature
102:etc.) is
158:block group of each "flex_bg group". The size of the flex_bg group
250:This ext4 feature provides project quota support. With this feature,
350:is determined by the file system superblock. Set them with
361:system call. The
368:used by the ext2 file system and not available for file storage. Thus
393:No checking is done at mount time. This is the default. This is fast.
396:every now and then, e.g.\& at boot time. The non-default behavior is
unsupported
397:(check=normal and check=strict options have been removed). Note that these
mount options
423:file system. grpquota enables group quotas support. You need the quota
utilities
431:Use old allocator or Orlov allocator for new inodes. Orlov is default.
459:(e.g. blocksize, blocks per group,
463:The block number here uses 1\ k units. Thus, if you want to use logical
522:disables, barrier=1 enables (default). This also requires an IO stack which
can
535:Enable Extended User Attributes. See the
541:ext3 also supports journaled quotas (version 2 quota). jqfmt=vfsv0 or
542:jqfmt=vfsv1 enables journaled quotas. Journaled quotas have the advantage
that
543:even after a crash no quota check is required. When the
551:quota system which quota database files to use. When the
571:in the kernel. It is a compatible change and will be ignored by older
kernels.
574:Commit block can be written to disk without waiting for descriptor blocks.
If
588:The value must be a power of 2. The default value is 32 blocks.
592:and alignment. For RAID5/6 systems this should be the number of data disks *
599:Disable delayed allocation. Blocks are allocated when data is copied from
user
604:be batch together with a synchronous write operation. Since a synchronous
608:synchronous write. The algorithm used is designed to automatically tune for
610:takes to finish committing a transaction. Call this time the "commit time".
613:the transaction. The commit time is capped by the max_batch_time, which
614:defaults to 15000\ \[mc]s (15\ ms). This optimization can be turned off
entirely by
619:min_batch_time. It defaults to zero microseconds. Increasing this parameter
653:Do not initialize any uninitialized inode table blocks in the background.
This
660:to zero out the previous block group's inode table. This minimizes the
impact on
671:file system metadata blocks within internal data structures. This allows
multi-\c
673:overlap with file system metadata blocks. This option is intended for
debugging
677:Controls whether or not ext4 should use the DIO read locking. If the
681:scalability on high speed storages. However this does not work with data
689:beyond the specified limit in kilobytes will cause an ENOSPC error. This is
691:cause severe performance problems or even provoke the Out Of Memory killer.
(For
696:Enable 64-bit inode version support. This option is off by default.
699:This option disables use of mbcache for extended attribute deduplication. On
-.-.
Split lines longer than 80 characters into two or more lines.
Appropriate break points are the end of a sentence and a subordinate
clause; after punctuation marks.
N.B.
The number of lines affected can be too large to be in the patch.
Line 397, length 88
(check=normal and check=strict options have been removed). Note that these
mount options
Line 398, length 88
don't have to be supported if ext4 kernel driver is used for ext2 and ext3 file
systems.
Line 614, length 83
defaults to 15000\ \[mc]s (15\ ms). This optimization can be turned off
entirely by
Line 671, length 81
file system metadata blocks within internal data structures. This allows
multi-\c
-.-.
Use \(en (en-dash) for a dash between space characters,
not a minus (\-) or a hyphen (-), except in the NAME section.
ext4.5:716:.BR a " - append only"
ext4.5:718:.BR A " - no atime updates"
ext4.5:720:.BR d " - no dump"
ext4.5:722:.BR D " - synchronous directory updates"
ext4.5:724:.BR i " - immutable"
ext4.5:726:.BR S " - synchronous updates"
ext4.5:728:.BR u " - undeletable"
ext4.5:732:.BR j " - data journaling"
ext4.5:736:.BR e " - extents format"
-.-.
Do not use more than two space characters between sentences or (better)
only a new line character.
158:block group of each "flex_bg group". The size of the flex_bg group
-.-.
Protect a period (.) or an apostrophe (') with '\&' from becoming a
control character, if it could end up at the start of a line
(by splitting the line into more lines).
84:each of the '.' and '..' entries, as well as the directory entry for the
576:This will enable 'journal_checksum' internally.
-.-.
The symbol for the unit "inch" (SI symbol "in") in groff is "i"
750:.IP "\fBfiletype\fR" 2in
752:.IP "\fBsparse_super\fR" 2in
754:.IP "\fBlarge_file\fR" 2in
756:.IP "\fBhas_journal\fR" 2in
758:.IP "\fBext_attr\fR" 2in
760:.IP "\fBdir_index\fR" 2in
762:.IP "\fBresize_inode\fR" 2in
764:.IP "\fB64bit\fR" 2in
766:.IP "\fBdir_nlink\fR" 2in
768:.IP "\fBextent\fR" 2in
770:.IP "\fBextra_isize\fR" 2in
772:.IP "\fBflex_bg\fR" 2in
774:.IP "\fBhuge_file\fR" 2in
776:.IP "\fBmeta_bg\fR" 2in
778:.IP "\fBuninit_bg\fR" 2in
780:.IP "\fBmmp\fR" 2in
782:.IP "\fBbigalloc\fR" 2in
784:.IP "\fBquota\fR" 2in
786:.IP "\fBinline_data\fR" 2in
788:.IP "\fBsparse_super2\fR" 2in
790:.IP "\fBmetadata_csum\fR" 2in
792:.IP "\fBencrypt\fR" 2in
-.-.
Output from "test-groff -b -mandoc -rF0 -rHY=0 -K utf8 -t -ww -z ":
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':750
troff:<stdin>:750: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':752
troff:<stdin>:752: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':754
troff:<stdin>:754: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':756
troff:<stdin>:756: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':758
troff:<stdin>:758: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':760
troff:<stdin>:760: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':762
troff:<stdin>:762: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':764
troff:<stdin>:764: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':766
troff:<stdin>:766: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':768
troff:<stdin>:768: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':770
troff:<stdin>:770: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':772
troff:<stdin>:772: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':774
troff:<stdin>:774: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':776
troff:<stdin>:776: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':778
troff:<stdin>:778: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':780
troff:<stdin>:780: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':782
troff:<stdin>:782: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':784
troff:<stdin>:784: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':786
troff:<stdin>:786: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':788
troff:<stdin>:788: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':790
troff:<stdin>:790: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':590: macro 'TP'
troff: backtrace: '/home/bg/git/groff/build/s-tmac/an.tmac':611: macro 'IP'
troff: backtrace: file '<stdin>':792
troff:<stdin>:792: warning: expected ')', got character 'n'
--- ext4.5 2024-06-09 13:05:26.872632098 +0000
+++ ext4.5.new 2024-06-09 13:39:54.583551674 +0000
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ ext2 file systems.
Normally, ext4 allows an inode to have no more than 65,000 hard links.
This applies to regular files as well as directories, which means that
there can be no more than 64,998 subdirectories in a directory (because
-each of the '.' and '..' entries, as well as the directory entry for the
+each of the \&'.' and \&'..' entries, as well as the directory entry for the
directory in its parent directory counts as a hard link). This feature
lifts this limit by causing ext4 to use a link count of 1 to indicate
that the number of hard links to a directory is not known when the link
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ extended attributes per file.
.br
Enables support for file-system level encryption of data blocks and file
names. The inode metadata (timestamps, file size, user/group ownership,
-etc.) is
+etc.\&) is
.I not
encrypted.
.IP
@@ -155,8 +155,8 @@ and inode tables)
to be placed anywhere on the storage media. In addition,
.B mke2fs
will place the per-block group metadata together starting at the first
-block group of each "flex_bg group". The size of the flex_bg group
-can be specified using the
+block group of each "flex_bg group".
+The size of the flex_bg group can be specified using the
.B \-G
option.
.TP
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ the
option to
.BR mke2fs (8)
or
-.BR tune2fs(8) .
+.BR tune2fs (8).
.TP
.B large_dir
.br
@@ -393,9 +393,11 @@ to the options given in
No checking is done at mount time. This is the default. This is fast.
It is wise to invoke
.BR e2fsck (8)
-every now and then, e.g.\& at boot time. The non-default behavior is
unsupported
-(check=normal and check=strict options have been removed). Note that these
mount options
-don't have to be supported if ext4 kernel driver is used for ext2 and ext3
file systems.
+every now and then, e.g.\& at boot time.
+The non-default behavior is unsupported
+(check=normal and check=strict options have been removed).
+Note that these mount options don't have to be supported
+if ext4 kernel driver is used for ext2 and ext3 file systems.
.TP
.B debug
Print debugging info upon each (re)mount.
@@ -420,8 +422,9 @@ if it is a directory itself.
.TP
.BR grpquota | noquota | quota | usrquota
The usrquota (same as quota) mount option enables user quota support on the
-file system. grpquota enables group quotas support. You need the quota
utilities
-to actually enable and manage the quota system.
+file system.
+grpquota enables group quotas support.
+You need the quota utilities to actually enable and manage the quota system.
.TP
.B nouid32
Disables 32-bit UIDs and GIDs. This is for interoperability with older
@@ -456,7 +459,7 @@ program using the
option to print out where the superblocks exist, supposing
.B mke2fs
is supplied with arguments that are consistent with the file system's layout
-(e.g. blocksize, blocks per group,
+(e.g., blocksize, blocks per group,
.BR sparse_super ,
etc.).
.IP
@@ -491,7 +494,7 @@ Specifies the journaling mode for file d
To use modes other than
.B ordered
on the root file system, pass the mode to the kernel as boot parameter, e.g.\&
-.IR rootflags=data=journal .
+.IR \%rootflags=data=journal .
.RS
.TP
.B journal
@@ -517,7 +520,7 @@ ordered mode.
.B data_err=abort
Abort the journal if an error occurs in a file data buffer in ordered mode.
.TP
-.BR barrier=0 " / " barrier=1 "
+.BR barrier=0 " / " barrier=1
This disables / enables the use of write barriers in the jbd code. barrier=0
disables, barrier=1 enables (default). This also requires an IO stack which can
support barriers, and if jbd gets an error on a barrier write, it will disable
@@ -538,9 +541,11 @@ manual page.
.TP
.BR jqfmt= { vfsold | vfsv0 | vfsv1 }
Apart from the old quota system (as in ext2, jqfmt=vfsold aka version 1 quota)
-ext3 also supports journaled quotas (version 2 quota). jqfmt=vfsv0 or
-jqfmt=vfsv1 enables journaled quotas. Journaled quotas have the advantage that
-even after a crash no quota check is required. When the
+ext3 also supports journaled quotas (version 2 quota).
+jqfmt=vfsv0 or jqfmt=vfsv1 enables journaled quotas.
+Journaled quotas have the advantage that
+even after a crash no quota check is required.
+When the
.B quota
file system feature is enabled, journaled quotas are used automatically, and
this mount option is ignored.
@@ -573,7 +578,7 @@ in the kernel. It is a compatible change
.B journal_async_commit
Commit block can be written to disk without waiting for descriptor blocks. If
enabled older kernels cannot mount the device.
-This will enable 'journal_checksum' internally.
+This will enable \&'journal_checksum' internally.
.TP
.BR barrier=0 " / " barrier=1 " / " barrier " / " nobarrier
These mount options have the same effect as in ext3. The mount options
@@ -611,8 +616,8 @@ takes to finish committing a transaction
If the time that the transaction has been running is less than the commit time,
ext4 will try sleeping for the commit time to see if other operations will join
the transaction. The commit time is capped by the max_batch_time, which
-defaults to 15000\ \[mc]s (15\ ms). This optimization can be turned off
entirely by
-setting max_batch_time to 0.
+defaults to 15000\ \[mc]s (15\ ms).
+This optimization can be turned off entirely by setting max_batch_time to 0.
.TP
.BI min_batch_time= usec
This parameter sets the commit time (as described above) to be at least
@@ -668,10 +673,11 @@ testing has been done.
.TP
.BR block_validity / noblock_validity
This option enables/disables the in-kernel facility for tracking
-file system metadata blocks within internal data structures. This allows
multi-\c
-block allocator and other routines to quickly locate extents which might
-overlap with file system metadata blocks. This option is intended for debugging
-purposes and since it negatively affects the performance, it is off by default.
+file system metadata blocks within internal data structures.
+This allows multi-block allocator and other routines to quickly locate
+extents which might overlap with file system metadata blocks.
+This option is intended for debugging purposes
+and since it negatively affects the performance, it is off by default.
.TP
.BR dioread_lock / dioread_nolock
Controls whether or not ext4 should use the DIO read locking. If the
@@ -688,9 +694,9 @@ Because of the restrictions this options
This limits the size of the directories so that any attempt to expand them
beyond the specified limit in kilobytes will cause an ENOSPC error. This is
useful in memory-constrained environments, where a very large directory can
-cause severe performance problems or even provoke the Out Of Memory killer.
(For
-example, if there is only 512\ MB memory available, a 176\ MB directory may
-seriously cramp the system's style.)
+cause severe performance problems or even provoke the Out Of Memory killer.
+(For example, if there is only 512\ MB memory available,
+a 176\ MB directory may seriously cramp the system's style.)
.TP
.B i_version
Enable 64-bit inode version support. This option is off by default.
@@ -713,27 +719,27 @@ attributes on Linux systems using the
.BR chattr (1)
utility:
.sp
-.BR a " - append only"
+.BR a " \- append only"
.sp
-.BR A " - no atime updates"
+.BR A " \- no atime updates"
.sp
-.BR d " - no dump"
+.BR d " \- no dump"
.sp
-.BR D " - synchronous directory updates"
+.BR D " \- synchronous directory updates"
.sp
-.BR i " - immutable"
+.BR i " \- immutable"
.sp
-.BR S " - synchronous updates"
+.BR S " \- synchronous updates"
.sp
-.BR u " - undeletable"
+.BR u " \- undeletable"
.sp
In addition, the ext3 and ext4 file systems support the following flag:
.sp
-.BR j " - data journaling"
+.BR j " \- data journaling"
.sp
Finally, the ext4 file system also supports the following flag:
.sp
-.BR e " - extents format"
+.BR e " \- extents format"
.sp
For descriptions of these attribute flags, please refer to the
.BR chattr (1)
@@ -747,49 +753,49 @@ feature may still be considered in an ex
that some distributions may have backported features into older kernels;
in particular the kernel versions in certain "enterprise distributions"
can be extremely misleading.
-.IP "\fBfiletype\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBfiletype\fR" 2i
ext2, 2.2.0
-.IP "\fBsparse_super\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBsparse_super\fR" 2i
ext2, 2.2.0
-.IP "\fBlarge_file\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBlarge_file\fR" 2i
ext2, 2.2.0
-.IP "\fBhas_journal\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBhas_journal\fR" 2i
ext3, 2.4.15
-.IP "\fBext_attr\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBext_attr\fR" 2i
ext2/ext3, 2.6.0
-.IP "\fBdir_index\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBdir_index\fR" 2i
ext3, 2.6.0
-.IP "\fBresize_inode\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBresize_inode\fR" 2i
ext3, 2.6.10 (online resizing)
-.IP "\fB64bit\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fB64bit\fR" 2i
ext4, 2.6.28
-.IP "\fBdir_nlink\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBdir_nlink\fR" 2i
ext4, 2.6.28
-.IP "\fBextent\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBextent\fR" 2i
ext4, 2.6.28
-.IP "\fBextra_isize\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBextra_isize\fR" 2i
ext4, 2.6.28
-.IP "\fBflex_bg\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBflex_bg\fR" 2i
ext4, 2.6.28
-.IP "\fBhuge_file\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBhuge_file\fR" 2i
ext4, 2.6.28
-.IP "\fBmeta_bg\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBmeta_bg\fR" 2i
ext4, 2.6.28
-.IP "\fBuninit_bg\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBuninit_bg\fR" 2i
ext4, 2.6.28
-.IP "\fBmmp\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBmmp\fR" 2i
ext4, 3.0
-.IP "\fBbigalloc\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBbigalloc\fR" 2i
ext4, 3.2
-.IP "\fBquota\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBquota\fR" 2i
ext4, 3.6
-.IP "\fBinline_data\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBinline_data\fR" 2i
ext4, 3.8
-.IP "\fBsparse_super2\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBsparse_super2\fR" 2i
ext4, 3.16
-.IP "\fBmetadata_csum\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBmetadata_csum\fR" 2i
ext4, 3.18
-.IP "\fBencrypt\fR" 2in
+.IP "\fBencrypt\fR" 2i
ext4, 4.1
.IP "\fBmetadata_csum_seed\fR" 2i
ext4, 4.4
