I run 2 xen-virtualized debian 12.4 systems on different hardware.
One VM (gast1) shows the same mariadb bug after a fresh installation.
The other VM running on a different hardware installs mariadb-server without 
any issues.
----

root@gast1:~# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description:    Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
Release:        12
Codename:       bookworm
root@gast1:~# cat /etc/debian_version
12.4
root@gast1:~#

root@gast1:~# uname -r
6.1.0-15-amd64

root@gast1:~# service mariadb status
x mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.11.4 database server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; preset: 
enabled)
     Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2023-12-17 11:17:58 UTC; 6min 
ago
       Docs: man:mariadbd(8)
             https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
    Process: 1345 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/install -m 755 -o mysql -g root -d 
/var/run/mysqld (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 1346 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment 
_WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Process: 1348 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c [ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && 
VAR= ||   VAR=`cd /usr/bin/..; /usr/bin/galera_recovery`; [ $? -eq 0 ]   && 
systemctl set-environment _WSREP_START_PO>
    Process: 1407 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mariadbd $MYSQLD_OPTS $_WSREP_NEW_CLUSTER 
$_WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
   Main PID: 1407 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
     Status: "MariaDB server is down"
        CPU: 421ms

Dec 17 11:17:58 gast1 mariadbd[1407]: 2023-12-17 11:17:58 0 [Note] InnoDB: 
Starting shutdown...
Dec 17 11:17:58 gast1 mariadbd[1407]: 2023-12-17 11:17:58 0 [ERROR] Plugin 
'InnoDB' init function returned error.
Dec 17 11:17:58 gast1 mariadbd[1407]: 2023-12-17 11:17:58 0 [ERROR] Plugin 
'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.
Dec 17 11:17:58 gast1 mariadbd[1407]: 2023-12-17 11:17:58 0 [Note] Plugin 
'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
Dec 17 11:17:58 gast1 mariadbd[1407]: 2023-12-17 11:17:58 0 [ERROR] Could not 
open mysql.plugin table: "Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist". Some plugins may 
be not loaded
Dec 17 11:17:58 gast1 mariadbd[1407]: 2023-12-17 11:17:58 0 [ERROR] 
Unknown/unsupported storage engine: InnoDB
Dec 17 11:17:58 gast1 mariadbd[1407]: 2023-12-17 11:17:58 0 [ERROR] Aborting
Dec 17 11:17:58 gast1 systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Main process exited, 
code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Dec 17 11:17:58 gast1 systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Failed with result 
'exit-code'.
Dec 17 11:17:58 gast1 systemd[1]: Failed to start mariadb.service - MariaDB 
10.11.4 database server.


root@gast1:~# journalctl -u mariadb
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 systemd[1]: Starting mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.11.4 
database server...
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [Note] Starting 
MariaDB 10.11.4-MariaDB-1~deb12u1 source revision  as process 1291
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [Note] InnoDB: 
Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.13
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [Note] InnoDB: 
Using transactional memory
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [Note] InnoDB: 
Number of transaction pools: 1
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [Note] InnoDB: 
Using crc32 + pclmulqdq instructions
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [Note] InnoDB: 
Using liburing
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [Note] InnoDB: 
Initializing buffer pool, total size = 128.000MiB, chunk size = 2.000MiB
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [Note] InnoDB: 
Completed initialization of buffer pool
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [Note] InnoDB: 
Header page consists of zero bytes in datafile: ./ibdata1, Space ID:0, Flags: 0
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: 
Corrupted page [page id: space=0, page number=0] of datafile './ibdata1' could 
not be found in the doublewrite buffer.
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [ERROR] InnoDB: 
Plugin initialization aborted with error Data structure corruption
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [Note] InnoDB: 
Starting shutdown...
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [ERROR] Plugin 
'InnoDB' init function returned error.
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [ERROR] Plugin 
'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [Note] Plugin 
'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [ERROR] Could not 
open mysql.plugin table: "Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist". Some plugins may 
be not loaded
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [ERROR] 
Unknown/unsupported storage engine: InnoDB
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 mariadbd[1291]: 2023-12-17 11:17:55 0 [ERROR] Aborting
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Main process exited, 
code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 systemd[1]: mariadb.service: Failed with result 
'exit-code'.
Dec 17 11:17:55 gast1 systemd[1]: Failed to start mariadb.service - MariaDB 
10.11.4 database server.

root@gast1:~#

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