If igfx_off is default, how / why is it on? from https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html "...
intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option on Enable intel iommu driver. off Disable intel iommu driver. igfx_off [Default Off] By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In this case, gfx device will use physical address for DMA. ... On Sat, 3 Jul 2021 at 01:25, Bryan Cebuliak <bryan.cebul...@gmail.com> wrote: > more possibly relevant IOMMU video audio and passthrough issue links: > Easy ACS kernel patch guide for Ubuntu 20.04 > https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBEzshbGPhQ > > > https://forum.level1techs.com/t/intel-graphics-hdmi-audio-fails-after-enabling-intel-iommu-on/168827 > > kvm-gpu-passthrough-on-debian-buster.md > https://gist.github.com/davesilva/445276f9157e7cb3a4f6ed2fe852b340 > >