Package: hdparm
Version: 9.58+ds-5
Severity: minor
Tags: patch
Dear Maintainer,
The patch is in the attachment.
Summary:
Remove space at end of lines.
Change <number>[\]-<number> to <number>\(en<number> if it is
a numeric range.
Change misused metric prefixes to binary ones, Ki,
Mi, Gi, or Ti, if indicated.
Change -- in x--y to \(em (em-dash), or, if an
option, to "\-\-".
Change a two-fonts macro to an one-font macro for a
single argument.
Change a HYPHEN-MINUS (code 0x55, 2D) to a dash
(minus) if it matches " -[:alpha:]" or \[aq]-[:alpha:] (for options).
Add a comma (or \&) after "e.g." and "i.e.", or use English words.
Begin a sentence on a new line.
Split long lines (> 80).
Use a unpaddable (no-break) space between a number and its unit.
-- System Information:
Debian Release: bullseye/sid
APT prefers testing
APT policy: (500, 'testing'), (500, 'stable')
Architecture: amd64 (x86_64)
Kernel: Linux 5.4.19-1 (SMP w/2 CPU cores)
Locale: LANG=is_IS.iso88591, LC_CTYPE=is_IS.iso88591 (charmap=ISO-8859-1),
LANGUAGE=is_IS.iso88591 (charmap=ISO-8859-1)
Shell: /bin/sh linked to /bin/dash
Init: sysvinit (via /sbin/init)
Versions of packages hdparm depends on:
ii libc6 2.30-4
ii lsb-base 11.1.0
Versions of packages hdparm recommends:
pn powermgmt-base <none>
hdparm suggests no packages.
-- no debconf information
--
Bjarni I. Gislason
--- hdparm.8 2020-04-18 19:08:16.000000000 +0000
+++ hdparm.8.new 2020-04-29 14:38:38.000000000 +0000
@@ -6,22 +6,23 @@ hdparm \- get/set SATA/IDE device parame
.B hdparm
[options] [device ...]
.SH DESCRIPTION
-.BI hdparm
+.B hdparm
provides a command line interface to various kernel interfaces
supported by the Linux SATA/PATA/SAS "libata" subsystem
and the older IDE driver subsystem. Many newer (2008 and later)
USB drive enclosures now also support "SAT" (SCSI-ATA Command Translation)
-and therefore may also work with hdparm. E.g. recent WD "Passport" models
+and therefore may also work with hdparm. E.g., recent WD "Passport" models
and recent NexStar-3 enclosures.
Some options may work correctly only with the latest kernels.
.SH OPTIONS
When no options are given,
-.B -acdgkmur
+.B \-acdgkmur
is assumed.
-For "Get/set" options, a query without the optional parameter (e.g. \-d) will
query (get)
-the device state, and with a parameter (e.g., \-d0) will set the device state.
+For "Get/set" options, a query without the optional parameter (e.g.,
+\-d) will query (get) the device state, and with a parameter (e.g.,
+\-d0) will set the device state.
.TP
-.I -a
+.I \-a
Get/set sector count for filesystem (software) read-ahead.
This is used to improve performance in sequential reads of large files,
by prefetching additional
@@ -29,18 +30,18 @@ blocks in anticipation of them being nee
Many IDE drives also have a separate built-in read-ahead function,
which augments this filesystem (software) read-ahead function.
.TP
-.I -A
+.I \-A
Get/set the IDE drive\'s read-lookahead feature (usually ON by default).
Usage:
-.B -A0
+.B \-A0
(disable) or
-.B -A1
+.B \-A1
(enable).
.TP
-.I -b
+.I \-b
Get/set bus state.
.TP
-.I -B
+.I \-B
Get/set Advanced Power Management feature, if the drive supports it. A low
value
means aggressive power management and a high value means better performance.
Possible settings range from values 1 through 127 (which permit spin-down),
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ and the highest I/O performance with a s
A value of 255 tells hdparm to disable Advanced Power Management altogether
on the drive (not all drives support disabling it, but most do).
.TP
-.I -c
+.I \-c
Get/set (E)IDE 32-bit I/O support. A numeric parameter can be
used to enable/disable 32-bit I/O support.
Currently supported values include
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ Note that "32-bit" refers to data transf
interface card only; all (E)IDE drives still have only a 16-bit connection
over the ribbon cable from the interface card.
.TP
-.I -C
+.I \-C
Check the current IDE power mode status, which will always be one of
.B unknown
(drive does not support this command),
@@ -81,19 +82,19 @@ or
.B sleeping
(lowest power mode, drive is completely shut down).
The
-.B -S, -y, -Y,
+.B \-S, \-y, \-Y,
and
-.B -Z
+.B \-Z
options can be used to manipulate the IDE power modes.
.TP
-.I -d
+.I \-d
Get/set the "using_dma" flag for this drive. This option now works
with most combinations of drives and PCI interfaces which support DMA
and which are known to the kernel IDE driver.
It is also a good idea to use the appropriate
-.B -X
+.B \-X
option in combination with
-.B -d1
+.B \-d1
to ensure that the drive itself is programmed for the correct DMA mode,
although most BIOSs should do this for you at boot time.
Using DMA nearly always gives the best performance,
@@ -102,50 +103,51 @@ But there are at least a few configurati
for which DMA does not make much of a difference, or may even slow
things down (on really messed up hardware!). Your mileage may vary.
.TP
-.I --dco-freeze
+.I \-\-dco-freeze
DCO stands for Device Configuration Overlay, a way for vendors to selectively
-disable certain features of a drive. The
-.B --dco-freeze
+disable certain features of a drive. The
+.B \-\-dco-freeze
option will freeze/lock the current drive configuration,
thereby preventing software (or malware)
from changing any DCO settings until after the next power-on reset.
.TP
-.I --dco-identify
+.I \-\-dco-identify
Query and dump information regarding drive configuration settings
which can be disabled by the vendor or OEM installer.
These settings show capabilities of the drive which might be disabled
by the vendor for "enhanced compatibility".
When disabled, they are otherwise hidden and will not show in the
-.B -I
+.B \-I
identify output. For example, system vendors sometimes disable 48_bit
addressing on large drives, for compatibility (and loss of capacity)
with a specific BIOS. In such cases,
-.B --dco-identify
+.B \-\-dco-identify
will show that the drive is 48_bit capable, but
-.B -I
+.B \-I
will not show it, and nor will the drive accept 48_bit commands.
.TP
-.I --dco-restore
-Reset all drive settings, features, and accessible capacities back to factory
defaults
-and full capabilities. This command will fail if DCO is frozen/locked,
+.I \-\-dco-restore
+Reset all drive settings, features, and accessible capacities back to
+factory defaults and full capabilities.
+This command will fail if DCO is frozen/locked,
or if a
-.B -Np
+.B \-Np
maximum size restriction has also been set.
This is
.B EXTREMELY DANGEROUS
and will very likely cause massive loss of data.
.B DO NOT USE THIS COMMAND.
.TP
-.I --direct
+.I \-\-direct
Use the kernel\'s "O_DIRECT" flag when performing a
-.B -t
+.B \-t
timing test. This bypasses the page cache, causing the reads
to go directly from the drive into hdparm's buffers, using so-called
"raw" I/O. In many cases, this can produce results that appear
much faster than the usual page cache method, giving a better indication
of raw device and driver performance.
.TP
-.I --drq-hsm-error
+.I \-\-drq-hsm-error
.B VERY DANGEROUS, DON'T EVEN THINK ABOUT USING IT.
This option causes hdparm to issue an IDENTIFY command
to the kernel, but incorrectly marked as a "non-data" command.
@@ -155,44 +157,45 @@ immediately with massive data loss. The
and fortifying the kernel against similar real-world drive malfunctions.
.B VERY DANGEROUS, DO NOT USE!!
.TP
-.I -D
+.I \-D
Enable/disable the on-drive defect management feature,
whereby the drive firmware tries to automatically manage
defective sectors by relocating them to "spare" sectors
reserved by the factory for such. Control of this feature
via the
-.B -D
+.B \-D
option is not supported for most modern drives
since ATA-4; thus this command may fail.
.TP
-.I -E
+.I \-E
Set cd/dvd drive speed. This is NOT necessary for regular operation,
as the drive will automatically switch speeds on its own.
But if you want to play with it, just supply a speed number
after the option, usually a number like 2 or 4.
This can be useful in some cases, though, to smooth out DVD video playback.
.TP
-.I -f
+.I \-f
Sync and flush the buffer cache for the device on exit.
This operation is also performed internally as part of the
-.B -t
+.B \-t
and
-.B -T
+.B \-T
timings and other options.
.TP
-.I --fallocate
+.I \-\-fallocate
This option currently works only on ext4 and xfs filesystem types.
When used, this must be the only option given.
-It requires two parameters: the desired file size in kilo-bytes
+It requires two parameters: the desired file size in kibibytes
(byte count divided by 1024), followed by the pathname for the new file.
It will create a new file of the specified size,
but without actually having to write any data to the file.
-This will normally complete very quickly, and without thrashing the storage
device.
+This will normally complete very quickly, and without thrashing the
+storage device.
.IP
-E.g. Create a 10KByte file:
-.B hdparm --fallocate 10 temp_file
+E.g., create a 10\ kibibyte file:
+.B hdparm \-\-fallocate 10 temp_file
.TP
-.I --fibmap
+.I \-\-fibmap
When used, this must be the only option given.
It requires a file path as a parameter, and will print
out a list of the block extents (sector ranges)
@@ -201,18 +204,18 @@ Sector numbers are given as absolute LBA
referenced from sector 0 of the physical device rather
than from the partition or filesystem.
This information can then be used for a variety of purposes,
-such as examining the degree of fragmenation of larger files, or
+such as examining the degree of fragmentation of larger files, or
determining appropriate sectors to deliberately corrupt
during fault-injection testing procedures.
.IP
This option uses the new FIEMAP (file extent map) ioctl() when available,
and falls back to the older FIBMAP (file block map) ioctl() otherwise.
Note that FIBMAP suffers from a 32-bit block-number interface,
-and thus not work beyond 8TB or 16TB. FIBMAP is also very slow,
+and thus not work beyond 8\ TB or 16\ TB. FIBMAP is also very slow,
and does not deal well with preallocated uncommitted extents
in ext4/xfs filesystems, unless a sync() is done before using this option.
.TP
-.I --fwdownload
+.I \-\-fwdownload
When used, this should be the only option given.
It requires a file path immediately after the
option, indicating where the new drive firmware should be read from.
@@ -221,73 +224,73 @@ The contents of this file will be sent t
.B DOWNLOAD MICROCODE
command, using either transfer protocol 7 (entire file at once),
or, if the drive supports it, transfer protocol 3 (segmented download).
-This command is
+This command is
.B EXTREMELY DANGEROUS
and could destroy both the drive and all data on it.
.B DO NOT USE THIS COMMAND.
-The
-.B --fwdownload-mode3
+The
+.B \-\-fwdownload-mode3
,
-.B --fwdownload-mode3-max
+.B \-\-fwdownload-mode3-max
, and
-.B --fwdownload-mode7
+.B \-\-fwdownload-mode7
variations on basic
-.B --fwdownload
+.B \-\-fwdownload
allow overriding automatic protocol detection in favour of
forcing hdparm to use a specific transfer protocol, for testing purposes only.
.TP
-.I -F
+.I \-F
Flush the on-drive write cache buffer (older drives may not implement this).
.TP
-.I -g
+.I \-g
Display the drive geometry (cylinders, heads, sectors),
the size (in sectors) of the device,
and the starting offset (in sectors) of the device from
the beginning of the drive.
.TP
-.I -h
+.I \-h
Display terse usage information (help).
.TP
-.I -H
-Read the temperature from some (mostly Hitachi) drives.
+.I \-H
+Read the temperature from some (mostly Hitachi) drives.
Also reports if the temperature is within operating condition range
(this may not be reliable). Does not cause the drive to spin up if idle.
.TP
-.I -i
+.I \-i
Display the identification info which the kernel drivers (IDE, libata)
have stored from boot/configuration time. This may differ from the
current information obtainable directly from the drive itself
with the
-.B -I
+.B \-I
option.
The data returned may or may not be current, depending on activity
since booting the system.
For a more detailed interpretation of the identification info,
refer to
-.I AT Attachment Interface for Disk Drives,
+.I AT Attachment Interface for Disk Drives,
ANSI ASC X3T9.2 working draft, revision 4a, April 19/93, and later editions.
.TP
-.I --idle-immediate
+.I \-\-idle-immediate
Issue an ATA IDLE_IMMEDIATE command, to put the drive into a lower power state.
Usually the device remains spun-up.
.TP
-.I --idle-unload
+.I \-\-idle-unload
Issue an ATA IDLE_IMMEDIATE_WITH_UNLOAD command, to unload or park the heads
and put the drive into a lower power state. Usually the device remains
spun-up.
.TP
-.I -I
+.I \-I
Request identification info directly from the drive,
which is displayed in a new expanded format with considerably
more detail than with the older
-.B -i
+.B \-i
option.
.TP
-.I --Iraw <pathname>
+.I \-\-Iraw <pathname>
This option dumps the drive's identify data in raw binary to the specified
file.
.TP
-.I --Istdin
+.I \-\-Istdin
This is a special variation on the
-.B -I
+.B \-I
option,
which accepts a drive identification block as standard input
instead of using a /dev/hd* parameter.
@@ -295,32 +298,33 @@ The format of this block must be
.B exactly
the same as that found in the /proc/ide/*/hd*/identify "files",
or that produced by the
-.B --Istdout
+.B \-\-Istdout
option described below.
This variation is designed for use with collected "libraries" of drive
identification information, and can also be used on ATAPI
drives which may give media errors with the standard mechanism.
When
-.B --Istdin
+.B \-\-Istdin
is used, it must be the *only* parameter given.
.TP
-.I --Istdout
+.I \-\-Istdout
This option dumps the drive's identify data in hex to stdout,
in a format similar to that from /proc/ide/*/identify, and suitable for
later use with the
-.B --Istdin
+.B \-\-Istdin
option.
.TP
-.I -J
+.I \-J
Get/set the Western Digital (WD) Green Drive's "idle3" timeout value.
This timeout controls how often the drive parks its heads and enters
a low power consumption state. The factory default is eight (8) seconds,
which is a very poor choice for use with Linux. Leaving it at the default
will result in hundreds of thousands of head load/unload cycles in a very
-short period of time. The drive mechanism is only rated for 300,000 to
1,000,000
+short period of time.
+The drive mechanism is only rated for 300,000 to 1,000,000
cycles, so leaving it at the default could result in premature failure,
-not to mention the performance impact of the drive often having to wake-up
-before doing routine I/O.
+not to mention the performance impact of the drive often having to
+wake-up before doing routine I/O.
.IP
WD supply a WDIDLE3.EXE DOS utility for tweaking this setting,
and you should use that program instead of hdparm
@@ -336,16 +340,16 @@ in 30-second increments.
Specify a value of zero (0) to disable the WD idle3 timer completely
(NOT RECOMMENDED!).
.TP
-.I -k
+.I \-k
Get/set the "keep_settings_over_reset" flag for the drive.
When this flag is set, the drive will preserve the
-.B -dmu
+.B \-dmu
settings over a soft reset, (as done during the error recovery sequence).
This option defaults to off,
to prevent drive reset loops which could be caused by combinations of
-.B -dmu
+.B \-dmu
settings. The
-.B -k
+.B \-k
option should therefore only be set after one has achieved confidence in
correct system operation with a chosen set of configuration settings.
In practice, all that is typically necessary to test a configuration
@@ -353,18 +357,18 @@ In practice, all that is typically neces
and that no error logs (kernel messages) are generated in the process
(look in /var/log/messages on most systems).
.TP
-.I -K
+.I \-K
Set the drive\'s "keep_features_over_reset" flag. Setting this enables
the drive to retain the settings for
-.B -APSWXZ
+.B \-APSWXZ
over a soft reset (as done during the error recovery sequence).
Not all drives support this feature.
.TP
-.I -L
+.I \-L
Set the drive\'s doorlock flag. Setting this to
.B 1
will lock the door mechanism of some removable hard drives
-(e.g. Syquest, ZIP, Jazz..), and setting it to
+(e.g., Syquest, ZIP, Jazz..), and setting it to
.B 0
will unlock the door mechanism. Normally, Linux
maintains the door locking mechanism automatically, depending on drive usage
@@ -376,14 +380,14 @@ command to unlock the door
the root filesystem is remounted read-only, one can then remove the cartridge
from the drive after shutdown.
.TP
-.I -m
+.I \-m
Get/set sector count for multiple sector I/O on the drive. A setting of
.B 0
disables this feature. Multiple sector mode (aka IDE Block Mode), is a feature
of most modern IDE hard drives, permitting the transfer of multiple sectors per
I/O interrupt, rather than the usual one sector per interrupt. When this
feature is enabled, it typically reduces operating system overhead for disk
-I/O by 30-50%. On many systems, it also provides increased data throughput
+I/O by 30\(en50%. On many systems, it also provides increased data throughput
of anywhere from 5% to 50%. Some drives, however
(most notably the WD Caviar series),
seem to run slower with multiple mode enabled. Your mileage may vary.
@@ -391,59 +395,67 @@ Most drives support the minimum settings
2, 4, 8, or 16 (sectors). Larger settings may also be possible, depending on
the drive. A setting of 16 or 32 seems optimal on many systems.
Western Digital recommends lower settings of 4 to 8 on many of their drives,
-due tiny (32kB) drive buffers and non-optimized buffering algorithms.
+due tiny (32 KiB) drive buffers and non-optimized buffering algorithms.
The
-.B -i
+.B \-i
option can be used to find the maximum setting supported by an installed drive
(look for MaxMultSect in the output).
Some drives claim to support multiple mode, but lose data at some settings.
Under rare circumstances, such failures can result in
.B massive filesystem corruption.
.TP
-.I --make-bad-sector
+.I \-\-make-bad-sector
Deliberately create a bad sector (aka. "media error") on the disk.
.B EXCEPTIONALLY DANGEROUS. DO NOT USE THIS OPTION!!
This can be useful for testing of device/RAID error recovery mechanisms.
The sector number is given as a (base10) parameter after the option.
-Depending on the device, hdparm will choose one of two possible ATA commands
for
-corrupting the sector. The WRITE_LONG works on most drives, but only up to
the 28-bit
-sector boundary. Some very recent drives (2008) may support the new
WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT
-command, which works for any LBA48 sector. If available, hdparm will use that
in
-preference to WRITE_LONG. The WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command itself presents
a
+Depending on the device, hdparm will choose one of two possible ATA
+commands for corrupting the sector.
+The WRITE_LONG works on most drives, but only up to the 28-bit
+sector boundary.
+Some very recent drives (2008) may support the new WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT
+command, which works for any LBA48 sector.
+If available, hdparm will use that in
+preference to WRITE_LONG.
+The WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command itself presents a
choice of how the new bad sector should behave.
-By default, it will look like any other bad sector, and the drive may take some
-time to retry and fail on subsequent READs of the sector.
+By default, it will look like any other bad sector, and the drive may
+take some time to retry and fail on subsequent READs of the sector.
However, if a single letter
.B f
-is prepended immediately in front of the first digit of the sector number
parameter,
-then hdparm will issue a "flagged" WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT, which causes the
drive
-to merely flag the sector as bad (rather than genuinely corrupt it), and
subsequent
-READs of the sector will fail immediately (rather than after several retries).
+is prepended immediately in front of the first digit of the sector
+number parameter,
+then hdparm will issue a "flagged" WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT,
+which causes the drive to merely flag the sector as bad (rather than
+genuinely corrupt it),
+and subsequent READs of the sector will fail immediately (rather than
+after several retries).
Note also that the
-.B --repair-sector
-option can be used to restore (any) bad sectors when they are no longer needed,
-including sectors that were genuinely bad (the drive will likely remap those
-to a fresh area on the media).
+.B \-\-repair-sector
+option can be used to restore (any) bad sectors when they are no
+longer needed,
+including sectors that were genuinely bad (the drive will likely remap
+those to a fresh area on the media).
.TP
-.I -M
-Get/set Automatic Acoustic Management (AAM) setting. Most modern harddisk
drives
+.I \-M
+Get/set Automatic Acoustic Management (AAM) setting. Most modern harddisk
drives
have the ability to speed down the head movements to reduce their noise output.
The possible values are between 0 and 254. 128 is the most quiet (and therefore
-slowest) setting and 254 the fastest (and loudest). Some drives have only two
+slowest) setting and 254 the fastest (and loudest). Some drives have only two
levels (quiet / fast), while others may have different levels between 128 and
254.
At the moment, most drives only support 3 options, off, quiet, and fast.
These have been assigned the values 0, 128, and 254 at present, respectively,
but integer space has been incorporated for future expansion, should this
change.
.TP
-.I -n
+.I \-n
Get or set the "ignore_write_errors" flag in the driver.
Do NOT play with this without grokking the driver source code first.
.TP
-.I -N
+.I \-N
Get/set max visible number of sectors, also known as the
.B Host Protected Area
setting. Without a parameter,
-.B -N
+.B \-N
displays the current setting, which is reported as two values: the first
gives the current max sectors setting, and the second shows
the native (real) hardware limit for the disk.
@@ -454,19 +466,19 @@ This area is often used by computer make
and/or a copy of the originally provided operating system for recovery
purposes.
Another possible use is to hide the true capacity of a very large disk
from a BIOS/system that cannot normally cope with drives of that size
-(eg. most current {2010} BIOSs cannot deal with drives larger than 2TB,
-so an HPA could be used to cause a 3TB drive to report itself as a 2TB drive).
+(e.g., most current {2010} BIOSs cannot deal with drives larger than 2\ TB,
+so an HPA could be used to cause a 3\ TB drive to report itself as a 2\ TB
drive).
To change the current max (VERY DANGEROUS, DATA LOSS IS EXTREMELY LIKELY),
a new value should be provided (in base10) immediately
following the
-.B -N
+.B \-N
option.
This value is specified as a count of sectors, rather than
the "max sector address" of the drive.
Drives have the concept of a temporary (volatile) setting which is
lost on the next hardware reset, as well as a more permanent (non-volatile)
value which survives resets and power cycles. By default,
-.B -N
+.B \-N
affects only the temporary (volatile) setting. To change the permanent
(non-volatile) value, prepend a leading
.B p
@@ -474,27 +486,27 @@ character immediately before the first d
Drives are supposed to allow only a single permanent
change per session. A hardware reset (or power cycle) is required
before another permanent
-.B -N
+.B \-N
operation can succeed. Note that any attempt to set this value
may fail if the disk is being accessed by other software at the same time.
This is because setting the value requires a pair of back-to-back drive
commands,
but there is no way to prevent some other command from being inserted between
them by the kernel. So if it fails initially, just try again.
Kernel support for
-.B -N
+.B \-N
is buggy for many adapter types across many kernel versions,
in that an incorrect (too small) max size value is sometimes reported.
As of the 2.6.27 kernel, this does finally seem to be working on most hardware.
.TP
-.I --offset
-Offsets to given number of GiB (1024*1024*1024) when performing
-.B -t
-timings of device reads.
-Speed changes (about twice) along many mechanical drives.
+.I \-\-offset
+Offsets to given number of GiB (1024*1024*1024) when performing
+.B \-t
+timings of device reads.
+Speed changes (about twice) along many mechanical drives.
Usually the maximum is at the beginning, but not always.
Solid-state drives (SSDs) should show similar timings regardless of offset.
.TP
-.I -p
+.I \-p
Attempt to reprogram the IDE interface chipset for the specified PIO mode,
or attempt to auto-tune for the "best" PIO mode supported by the drive.
This feature is supported in the kernel for only a few "known" chipsets,
@@ -510,65 +522,69 @@ This feature includes zero protection fo
and an unsuccessful outcome may result in
.I severe filesystem corruption!
.TP
-.I -P
+.I \-P
Set the maximum sector count for the drive\'s internal prefetch mechanism.
Not all drives support this feature, and it was dropped from the official spec
as of ATA-4.
.TP
-.I --prefer-ata12
+.I \-\-prefer-ata12
When using the SAT (SCSI ATA Translation) protocol, hdparm normally prefers
to use the 16-byte command format whenever possible.
But some USB drive enclosures don't work correctly with 16-byte commands.
This option can be used to force use of the smaller 12-byte command format
with such drives. hdparm will still revert to 16-byte commands for things
-that cannot be done with the 12-byte format (e.g. sector accesses beyond
28-bits).
+that cannot be done with the 12-byte format (e.g., sector accesses beyond
28-bits).
.TP
-.I -q
+.I \-q
Handle the next option quietly, suppressing normal output (but not error
messages).
This is useful for reducing screen clutter when running from system startup
scripts.
Not applicable to the
-.B -i
+.B \-i
or
-.B -v
+.B \-v
or
-.B -t
+.B \-t
or
-.B -T
+.B \-T
options.
.TP
-.I -Q
+.I \-Q
Get or set the device's command queue_depth, if supported by the hardware.
This only works with 2.6.xx (or later) kernels, and only with
device and driver combinations which support changing the queue_depth.
For SATA disks, this is the Native Command Queuing (NCQ) queue depth.
.TP
-.I -r
-Get/set read-only flag for the device. When set, Linux disallows write
operations on the device.
+.I \-r
+Get/set read-only flag for the device.
+When set, Linux disallows write operations on the device.
.TP
-.I -R
+.I \-R
Get/set Write-Read-Verify feature, if the drive supports it.
Usage:
-.B -R0
+.B \-R0
(disable) or
-.B -R1
+.B \-R1
(enable). This feature is intended to have the drive firmware automatically
read-back any data that is written by software, to verify that the data was
successfully written. This is generally overkill, and can slow down disk
writes by as much as a factor of two (or more).
.TP
-.I --read-sector
-Reads from the specified sector number, and dumps the contents in hex to
standard output.
+.I \-\-read-sector
+Reads from the specified sector number,
+and dumps the contents in hex to standard output.
The sector number must be given (base10) after this option.
-hdparm will issue a low-level read (completely bypassing the usual block layer
read/write mechanisms)
-for the specified sector. This can be used to definitively check whether a
given sector is bad
-(media error) or not (doing so through the usual mechanisms can sometimes give
false positives).
+hdparm will issue a low-level read (completely bypassing the usual
+block layer read/write mechanisms) for the specified sector.
+This can be used to definitively check whether a given sector is bad
+(media error) or not (doing so through the usual mechanisms can
+sometimes give false positives).
.TP
-.I --repair-sector
+.I \-\-repair-sector
This is an alias for the
-.B --write-sector
+.B \-\-write-sector
option. VERY DANGEROUS.
.TP
-.I -s
+.I \-s
Enable/disable the power-on in standby feature, if supported by
the drive.
.B VERY DANGEROUS.
@@ -588,7 +604,7 @@ Some SATA drives support the control of
the SATA power connector. In these cases, this command may be
unsupported or may have no effect.
.TP
-.I -S
+.I \-S
Put the drive into idle (low-power) mode, and also set the standby
(spindown) timeout for the drive. This timeout value is used
by the drive to determine how long to wait (with no disk activity)
@@ -606,16 +622,16 @@ and 12 hours, and the value 254 is reser
minutes plus 15 seconds. Note that some older drives may have very
different interpretations of these values.
.TP
-.I --set-sector-size
+.I \-\-set-sector-size
For drives which support reconfiguring of the Logical Sector Size,
this flag can be used to specify the new desired sector size in bytes.
.B VERY DANGEROUS. This most likely will scramble all data on the drive.
The specified size must be one of 512, 520, 528, 4096, 4160, or 4224.
Very few drives support values other than 512 and 4096.
.TP
-.I -t
+.I \-t
Perform timings of device reads for benchmark and comparison purposes.
-For meaningful results, this operation should be repeated 2-3 times on
+For meaningful results, this operation should be repeated 2\(en3 times on
an otherwise inactive system (no other active processes) with at least a
couple of megabytes of free memory. This displays the speed of reading
through the buffer cache to the disk without any prior caching of data.
@@ -623,43 +639,45 @@ This measurement is an indication of how
sequential data reads under Linux, without any filesystem overhead. To
ensure accurate measurements, the buffer cache is flushed during the
processing of
-.I -t
+.I \-t
using the BLKFLSBUF ioctl.
.TP
-.I -T
+.I \-T
Perform timings of cache reads for benchmark and comparison purposes.
-For meaningful results, this operation should be repeated 2-3 times
+For meaningful results, this operation should be repeated 2\(en3 times
on an otherwise inactive system (no other active processes) with at
least a couple of megabytes of free memory. This displays the speed
of reading directly from the Linux buffer cache without disk access.
This measurement is essentially an indication of the throughput of the
processor, cache, and memory of the system under test.
.TP
-.I --trim-sector-ranges
+.I \-\-trim-sector-ranges
For Solid State Drives (SSDs).
.B EXCEPTIONALLY DANGEROUS. DO NOT USE THIS OPTION!!
-Tells the drive firmware
+Tells the drive firmware
to discard unneeded data sectors, destroying any data that may have
been present within them. This makes those sectors available for
immediate use by the firmware's garbage collection mechanism, to
improve scheduling for wear-leveling of the flash media.
-This option expects one or more sector range pairs immediately after the
option:
-an LBA starting address, a colon, and a sector count (max 65535), with no
intervening spaces.
+This option expects one or more sector range pairs immediately after
+the option:
+an LBA starting address, a colon, and a sector count (max 65535),
+with no intervening spaces.
.B EXCEPTIONALLY DANGEROUS. DO NOT USE THIS OPTION!!
.IP
-E.g.
-.B hdparm --trim-sector-ranges 1000:4 7894:16 /dev/sdz
+E.g.,
+.B hdparm \-\-trim-sector-ranges 1000:4 7894:16 /dev/sdz
.TP
-.I --trim-sector-ranges-stdin
+.I \-\-trim-sector-ranges-stdin
Identical to
-.B --trim-sector-ranges
+.B \-\-trim-sector-ranges
above, except the list of lba:count pairs is read from stdin
rather than being specified on the command line. This can be used
to avoid problems with excessively long command lines. It also permits
batching of many more sector ranges into single commands to the drive,
-up to the currently configured transfer limit (max_sectors_kb).
+up to the currently configured transfer limit (max_sectors_kb).
.TP
-.I -u
+.I \-u
Get/set the interrupt-unmask flag for the drive. A setting of
.B 1
permits the
@@ -683,43 +701,44 @@ than 2.0.13. Disabling the
feature of these interfaces (usually a BIOS/CMOS setting)
provides a safe fix for the problem for use with earlier kernels.
.TP
-.I -v
+.I \-v
Display some basic settings, similar to \-acdgkmur for IDE.
This is also the default behaviour when no options are specified.
.TP
-.I -V
+.I \-V
Display program version and exit immediately.
.TP
-.I --verbose
+.I \-\-verbose
Display extra diagnostics from some commands.
.TP
-.I -w
+.I \-w
Perform a device reset
.B (DANGEROUS).
Do NOT use this option.
It exists for unlikely situations where a reboot might otherwise be
required to get a confused drive back into a useable state.
.TP
-.I --write-sector
+.I \-\-write-sector
Writes zeros to the specified sector number. VERY DANGEROUS.
The sector number must be given (base10) after this option.
-hdparm will issue a low-level write (completely bypassing the usual block
layer read/write mechanisms)
-to the specified sector. This can be used to force a drive to repair a bad
sector (media error).
+hdparm will issue a low-level write (completely bypassing the usual
+block layer read/write mechanisms) to the specified sector.
+This can be used to force a drive to repair a bad sector (media error).
.TP
-.I -W
+.I \-W
Get/set the IDE/SATA drive\'s write-caching feature.
.TP
-.I -X
+.I \-X
Set the IDE transfer mode for (E)IDE/ATA drives.
This is typically used in combination with
-.B -d1
+.B \-d1
when enabling DMA to/from a drive on a supported interface chipset, where
-.B -X mdma2
+.B \-X mdma2
is used to select multiword DMA mode2 transfers and
-.B -X sdma1
+.B \-X sdma1
is used to select simple mode 1 DMA transfers.
With systems which support UltraDMA burst timings,
-.B -X udma2
+.B \-X udma2
is used to select UltraDMA mode2 transfers (you\'ll need to prepare
the chipset for UltraDMA beforehand).
Apart from that, use of this option is
@@ -727,12 +746,12 @@ Apart from that, use of this option is
since most/all modern IDE drives default to their fastest PIO transfer mode
at power-on. Fiddling with this can be both needless and risky.
On drives which support alternate transfer modes,
-.B -X
+.B \-X
can be used to switch the mode of the drive
.B only.
Prior to changing the transfer mode, the IDE interface should be jumpered
or programmed (see
-.B -p
+.B \-p
option)
for the new mode setting to prevent loss and/or corruption of data.
.I Use this with extreme caution!
@@ -746,111 +765,112 @@ For multiword DMA, the value used is the
plus 32. for UltraDMA, the value is the desired UltraDMA mode number
plus 64.
.TP
-.I -y
+.I \-y
Force an IDE drive to immediately enter the low power consumption
.B standby
mode, usually causing it to spin down.
The current power mode status can be checked using the
-.B -C
+.B \-C
option.
.TP
-.I -Y
+.I \-Y
Force an IDE drive to immediately enter the lowest power consumption
.B sleep
mode, causing it to shut down completely. A hard or soft reset
is required before the drive can be accessed again
(the Linux IDE driver will automatically handle issuing a reset if/when
needed).
The current power mode status can be checked using the
-.B -C
+.B \-C
option.
.TP
-.I -z
+.I \-z
Force a kernel re-read of the partition table of the specified device(s).
.TP
-.I -Z
+.I \-Z
Disable the automatic power-saving function of certain Seagate drives
(ST3xxx models?), to prevent them from idling/spinning-down
at inconvenient times.
-.TP
+.
.SH ATA Security Feature Set
-.PP
+.
These switches are
.B DANGEROUS
to experiment with, and might not work with some kernels.
.B USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.
.TP
-.I --security-help
-Display terse usage info for all of the \--security-* options.
+.I \-\-security-help
+Display terse usage info for all of the \-\-security-* options.
.TP
-.I --security-freeze
+.I \-\-security-freeze
Freeze the drive\'s security settings.
The drive does not accept any security commands until next power-on reset.
-Use this function in combination with \--security-unlock to protect drive
+Use this function in combination with \-\-security-unlock to protect drive
from any attempt to set a new password. Can be used standalone, too.
No other options are permitted on the command line with this one.
.TP
-.I --security-prompt-for-password
-Prompt for the --security PWD rather than getting from the command line args.
-This avoids having passwords show up in shell history or in /proc/self/cmdline
during execution.
+.I \-\-security-prompt-for-password
+Prompt for the \-\-security PWD rather than getting from the command line args.
+This avoids having passwords show up in shell history or in
+/proc/self/cmdline during execution.
.TP
-.I --security-unlock PWD
+.I \-\-security-unlock PWD
Unlock the drive, using password PWD.
Password is given as an ASCII string and is padded with NULs to reach 32 bytes.
-The applicable drive password is selected with the \--user-master switch
+The applicable drive password is selected with the \-\-user-master switch
(default is "user" password).
No other options are permitted on the command line with this one.
.TP
-.I --security-set-pass PWD
+.I \-\-security-set-pass PWD
Lock the drive, using password PWD (Set Password)
.B (DANGEROUS).
Password is given as an ASCII string and is padded with NULs to reach 32 bytes.
Use the special password
.B NULL
to set an empty password.
-The applicable drive password is selected with the \--user-master switch
+The applicable drive password is selected with the \-\-user-master switch
(default is "user" password)
-and the applicable security mode with the \--security-mode switch.
+and the applicable security mode with the \-\-security-mode switch.
No other options are permitted on the command line with this one.
.TP
-.I --security-disable PWD
+.I \-\-security-disable PWD
Disable drive locking, using password PWD.
Password is given as an ASCII string and is padded with NULs to reach 32 bytes.
-The applicable drive password is selected with the \--user-master switch
+The applicable drive password is selected with the \-\-user-master switch
(default is "user" password).
No other options are permitted on the command line with this one.
.TP
-.I --security-erase PWD
+.I \-\-security-erase PWD
Erase (locked) drive, using password PWD
.B (DANGEROUS).
Password is given as an ASCII string and is padded with NULs to reach 32 bytes.
Use the special password
.B NULL
to represent an empty password.
-The applicable drive password is selected with the \--user-master switch
+The applicable drive password is selected with the \-\-user-master switch
(default is "user" password).
No other options are permitted on the command line with this one.
.TP
-.I --security-erase-enhanced PWD
+.I \-\-security-erase-enhanced PWD
Enhanced erase (locked) drive, using password PWD
.B (DANGEROUS).
Password is given as an ASCII string and is padded with NULs to reach 32 bytes.
-The applicable drive password is selected with the \--user-master switch
+The applicable drive password is selected with the \-\-user-master switch
(default is "user" password).
No other options are permitted on the command line with this one.
.TP
-.I --user-master USER
+.I \-\-user-master USER
Specifies which password (user/master) to select.
.B Defaults to "user" password.
-Only useful in combination with \--security-unlock, \--security-set-pass,
-\--security-disable, \--security-erase or \--security-erase-enhanced.
+Only useful in combination with \-\-security-unlock, \-\-security-set-pass,
+\-\-security-disable, \-\-security-erase or \-\-security-erase-enhanced.
u user password
m master password
.TP
-.I --security-mode MODE
+.I \-\-security-mode MODE
Specifies which security mode (high/maximum) to set.
.B Defaults to high.
-Only useful in combination with \--security-set-pass.
+Only useful in combination with \-\-security-set-pass.
h high security
m maximum security
@@ -859,19 +879,19 @@ Only useful in combination with \--secur
/etc/hdparm.conf
.SH BUGS
As noted above, the
-.B -m sectcount
+.B \-m sectcount
and
-.B -u 1
+.B \-u 1
options should be used with caution at first, preferably on a
read-only filesystem. Most drives work well with these features, but
a few drive/controller combinations are not 100% compatible. Filesystem
corruption may result. Backup everything before experimenting!
.PP
-Some options (e.g. \-r for SCSI) may not work with old kernels as
+Some options (e.g., \-r for SCSI) may not work with old kernels as
necessary ioctl()\'s were not supported.
.PP
Although this utility is intended primarily for use with SATA/IDE hard disk
-devices, several of the options are also valid (and permitted) for use with
+devices, several of the options are also valid (and permitted) for use with
SCSI hard disk devices and MFM/RLL hard disks with XT interfaces.
.PP
The Linux kernel up until 2.6.12 (and probably later) doesn\'t handle the
