Sorry, looks like I missed that the udev rules are now in android-sdk-platform-tools-common and install to /lib/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules.
The device I was trying to access simply wasn't covered by any of the rules.
- Bug#934178: adb package does not include udev rules Gregor Riepl
- Bug#934178: (no subject) Gregor Riepl
