After applying the patch suggested for Debian bug 916212 for elogind, I could restart elogind (239.3-1+patch) without experiencing problems in the currently running user session. However, the upgradeĀ 239.1+20181115-1 -> 239.3-1+patch still resulted in mplayer not being able to play a new track until I logged out and logged back in again, with the same error as previously reported:
Failed to create secure directory (/run/user/1000/pulse): No such file or directory Arthur.