Hi, I confirm the problem when you have a systemd service with postgresql dependency. In case you have a big database to start, you will have race conditions with the dependant services. Tested with Debian Stretch.
Apparently, postgresql has now a sd_notify integration: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/static/server-start.html But it's with postgres process directly, not with pg_ctlcluster. Is it planned to have an integration with sd_notify in pg_ctlcluster ? Thanks for your response.