So, I've checked upstream, and it looks like this is *partially*
fixed there, by these two commits:
https://bugs.lttng.org/projects/lttng-modules/repository/revisions/673e9a0300912e68d516cf06e0553c11b28cddbf/diff/instrumentation/events/lttng-module/sched.h
https://bugs.lttng.org/projects/lttng-modules/repository/revisions/262ab18947d8568ef6357d5bfd84d11537cb4b9f/diff/instrumentation/events/lttng-module/sched.h
Presumably these changes are in the version in sid, although I
haven't verified that.
However by themselves I don't think this will solve the problem
for stretch, due to the missing localversion-rt file causing the
check for LTTNG_RT_KERNEL_RANGE to fail even though the 4.9-rt
kernel is intended to pass.
Maybe this is actually a bug in the kernel package now? Or should
this have a different way of detecting the Debian -rt kernel
source?