avconv seems to work with vdpau decoding and the resulting output looks normal.
$ avconv -hwaccel vdpau -i sample.mkv -vcodec libx264 -ss 10 -acodec copy -scodec copy out.mkv -v debug avconv version 10-6:10-1, Copyright (c) 2000-2014 the Libav developers built on Mar 23 2014 19:30:49 with gcc 4.8 (Debian 4.8.2-17) configuration: --arch=amd64 --enable-pthreads --enable-runtime-cpudetect --extra-version='6:10-1' --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --prefix=/usr --enable-bzlib --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libfreetype --enable-frei0r --enable-gnutls --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-librtmp --enable-libopencv --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-vaapi --enable-vdpau --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-zlib --enable-gpl --enable-swscale --enable-libcdio --enable-x11grab --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --shlibdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --enable-shared --disable-static libavutil 53. 3. 0 / 53. 3. 0 libavcodec 55. 34. 1 / 55. 34. 1 libavformat 55. 12. 0 / 55. 12. 0 libavdevice 54. 0. 0 / 54. 0. 0 libavfilter 4. 2. 0 / 4. 2. 0 libavresample 1. 1. 0 / 1. 1. 0 libswscale 2. 1. 2 / 2. 1. 2 [...] Using VDPAU -- G3DVL VDPAU Driver Shared Library version 1.0 -- on X11 display :0, to decode input stream #0:0. [...] anonscm is currently down, so i can't test mpv. Thanks, Sergej