Dear all,

This email relates to part of a homework related to the use and learn
section of the CRM SIG site. Warning, relatively long email.

Upshot: here is presented a proposal for how to write useful descriptions
around our data modelling patterns that might aid a learner to pick up how
to use the standard. Interested members may read on to see a proposal of an
initial proposed 'format' for writing these texts and two examples of what
that might look like.

What we're looking for: if you're interested in this topic please read on
to see if you think the proposed format makes sense (will actually work,
doesn't miss anything) and have a look at the two examples and see how it
looks in practice.

At the next SIG, we'd like to move this forward by adopting a 'format' like
this and then getting volunteers to write descriptions according to the
format for one or two of the diagrams. If senior members pitch in, this
task can be completed without too much trouble (it is a lot of work for one
person though).

----

For the longer background on this issue, please consult the issue history
on the site here:

https://cidoc-crm.org/Issue/ID-687-review-the-textual-descriptions-to-diagrams-in-the-functional-overview

In this issue we are looking to continue the work of updating the section
of the Use and Learn part of the site that introduces different modelling
patterns and constructs enabled by the CIDOC CRM. This section is called
"Functional Overview" and can be found here:

https://cidoc-crm.org/functional-units

In this section, there are diagrams which are meant to help learners
appropriate (as well as remind ourselves) how to apply the CIDOC CRM in
different situations.

The diagrams have been updated to draw.io from a past jpeg version. The
diagrams, however, lack good explanatory text around them to really help
the learner appreciate what they are seeing and what it is meant to help
them understand. For this reason, we really need to come up with some text
that describes them.

As part of this homework, I am proffering both a pattern for how I think
these texts should be written and an example for two cases.

This is the general pattern I think the text could follow:


   - *General Idea*: what area of documentation in the real world does this
   diagram attempt to address
   - *Ontological Enjeu*: how does this real world problem get addressed
   into a modelling pattern using CIDOC CRM
   - *Direct Classes and Properties*: what are the most salient classes and
   properties of this diagram that you should learn about. Here we provide a
   less formal description of the classes and properties that may be more
   easily digested in considering the overall pattern. Learners are always
   provided links to the full formal class and property definitions. We
   explain not only the classes and properties but important distinctions and
   decisions within the ontology that are raised by the diagram and the
   particular application of these classes and properties in this scenario.
   - *Examples*: we put in real world, simple examples that are easy to
   understand and of fairly broad general intellectual appeal (as far as this
   possible, depending on the classes and properties!)
   - *Cross Pattern Mentions*: one semantic modelling pattern may have
   important references to another. E.g.: acquisition might reference transfer
   of custody, title may inherit from general appellation and so on.
   - *Anti-Examples*: what doesn't apply here but you might think would,
   see instead x pattern


Here are two diagrams and two texts in which I attempted this:

*Subject Information*

https://cidoc-crm.org/FunctionalUnits/subject-information

Recording the subject information of a cultural heritage object or “what it
is about”, is a key means of documenting and retrieving an object based on
its intended meaning and content. Subject information gives a key facet by
which to find cultural heritage objects with certain topics, be they very
specific, e.g. about a particular person, place or event, or categorical,
e.g. kinds of people, place or event. For example, a manuscript can be
about Jean Paul Sartre, a photograph may have the subject New York, an
article may describe World War II, a journal may be about philosophy.

When modelling subject information using the CIDOC CRM we must recall that
the ontology clearly divides between physical and conceptual objects. It is
the class of conceptual objects, through the more specific class E89
Propositional Object that begins to enable the expression of reference to
or being about the world, i.e.: having a subject.

The key patterns then for documenting something having a subject then are:

E89 Propositional Object P67 refers to E1 CRM Entity

And

E89 Propositional Object P129 is about E1 CRM Entity

The distinction between these two properties is that in the former case
there is a mention in the subject propositional object of the referred to
target object, while in the second case, the object referenced is a central
theme or concern of the subject.

Consider the following examples:

Jean-Paul Sartre: A Life (2005) by Hazel Rowley (E89 Propositional Object)
P67 refers to Simone de Beauvoir (E21 Person)

Jean-Paul Sartre: A Life (2005) by Hazel Rowley (E89 Propositional Object)
P129 is about Jean Paul Sartre (E21 Person)

It is important to note of both these properties (P67 and P129) that their
ranges are defined as E1 CRM Entity. This is to say that a proposition can
be about anything in the world. By implication, a proposition can be about
all the major classes of entities of interest to cultural heritage objects
including physical things, conceptual objects, events, places and actors.

When documenting a physical cultural heritage object, the CIDOC CRM does
allow a direct shortcut property between a physical object and something
that it depicts in the world through the pattern:

E24 Physical Human-Made Thing P62 depicts E1 CRM Entity

Consider the example

The Mona Lisa (E22 Human-Made Object) P62 depicts Lisa del Giocondo (E21
Person)

It is, however, best practice in most cases to describe the physical and
intellectual content of a cultural heritage object distinctly, for example

The Mona Lisa (E22 Human-Made Object) P65 shows visual item the Image of
the Mona Lisa (E36 Image) P138 represents Lisa del Giocondo (E21 Person)

This latter form is preferable insofar as the actual entity doing the
referring is the propositional object and not the physical object.
Capturing its referential information at this point allows the accumulation
of documentation to the most relevant instance in the knowledge graph.

Related Patterns: N/A (tbd)

 and

*Object Title Information*

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aCIT2nd3ksuYcig7O2QCgT0f4Xayc7dj/view?usp=drive_link

The recording of title information for cultural heritage objects is a key
aspect of documentation, allowing the representation of the names that have
been ascribed over time to an object to be recorded. Titles are a primary
way of identifying objects and retrieving information about them.

To model this information in a uniform way, the CIDOC CRM provides the
specialized class E35 Title in order to record the existence of the title
itself.

We note that the class E35 Title is a subclass of the E41 Appellation and
E33 Linguistic Object classes. This has the implication that it is both a
name and a linguistically encoded sign, meaning that in addition to the
properties of E41 Appellation we can also use the properties pertaining to
language to describe the title. Thus we can connect an instance of E35
Title to an instance of language (E56 Language) through the property P72
has language. Likewise we can connect an instance of E35 titler to another
instance of title of which it is the translation through the property P73
has translation.

Instances of E71 Human Made-Thing are linked to the their titles through
the P102 has title property.

Ontologically, we may note that the pattern E71 Human Made-Thing P102 has
title E35 Title is a specialization of the general pattern E1 CRM Entity P1
is identified by E41 Appellation.The specialization occurs as titles are
especially given to things that are human made and provide a subject of
interest in itself.

A classic example of this pattern is the painting the Mona Lisa. This
painting has many names, two of which that are most well known are "La
Gioconda" in Italian and the "Mona Lisa" in English.

The relation between cultural heritage object and title can be expressed as

The Mona Lisa (E22 Human Made Object) P102 has title "The Mona Lisa" (E35
Title)

The Mona Lisa (E22 Human Made Object) P102 has title "la Giaconda" (E35
Title)

The linguistic information regarding the titles can be expressed as:

"The Mona Lisa" (E35 Title) P72 has language English (E56 Language)

"la Giaconda" (E35 Title) P72 has language Italian (E56 Language)

"The Mona Lisa" (E35 Title) P73 has translation "la Giaconda" (E35 Title)

The information which can be modelled in this pattern thus helps answer
questions such as what is the title of this/these object(s), what is/are
the languages of the title(s), what translation(s) exist/s, as well, of
course, as aiding in finding a particular cultural heritage object by a
known title.

Related Patterns: Naming

-----

Look forward to your critical feedback!

Best,

George
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