Hrmmm... You think you could convince the USG?
On Wed, 4 Apr 2001, Jim Choate wrote:
> Date: Wed, 4 Apr 2001 23:30:36 -0500 (CDT)
> From: Jim Choate <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Cc: The Club Inferno <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Subject: CDR: Did you ever notice?...
>
>
> That no where in the Constitution itself is there ANY obligation placed
> upon the individual?
>
> That except for the 9th, there is no such obligations in the original Bill
> of Rights either? And the only thing the 9th says is the individual can
> claim whatever they want, and burden of dis-proof (proving a negative mind
> you) is upon the state through the 10th Amendment.
>
> Hmmm, now I wonder why that is?...
>
> [Documents Appended below]
>
> The reality (not the social fantasy that large groups convince themselves
> is the same thing - see Feynmans closing remarks in the Challenger report)
> is, constitutionaly speaking, that EVERY law passed by Congress must pass
> a vetting via the 10th Amendment. Congress does not have the privilige
> (the federal government has no 'rights' see Declaration of Independence
> for American definition of 'rights') to intentionaly pass unconstitutional
> laws because they take an oath to uphold the Consitution. To demonstrably
> pass an unconstitutional law is treason.
>
> Congress can pass laws that cause individuals to engage in certain
> behaviour, or refrain from others, but those laws must a priori be
> demonstrably constitutional by delegating at least a comprehensible phrase
> (to object otherwise is absurd and clearly not reasonable under 'equal
> protection under the law') from the Constitution.
>
> In addition, because of the structure of the 1'st through the 9'th, any
> question of degree must, no exceptions mind you, be left to the states or
> the individual to decide.
>
> Further, that because Congress is forbidden under the 1st to regulate a
> variety of behaviours, such standards as 'reasonable man' are in fact
> un-constitutional. They in fact legalize preferential views which
> Congress can't do axiomaticaly. They can't even address the question, for
> example, of what a 'religion' is. It fundamentaly isn't a factor in
> American Constitutional Democracy.
>
> There is further the aspect of 'reasonable man' that if a reasonable man
> would find the activity objectionable, yet the accused voluntarily
> engages in it, then the accused must not be reasonable. Otherwise you have
> demonstrated two 'reasonable men' (by your own definition and admission
> mind you) who are in direct opposition on the same point. Therefore how
> can the accused be held accountable for their actions? Finding crazy
> people in violation of laws they can't understand is itself insane. And if
> two people can disagree on the issue then it must not be a fact, but an
> opinion. See 1st.
>
> Other practices, such as interviewing prospective jurors about their
> beliefs, are also illegal under the same term. That to prevent a
> 'anti-capital punishment' juror to sit on a capital case (and therefore a
> priori prevent the maximum allowable penalty) is a violation of that
> juroris rights under the 1st. That such things as this happen is in fact
> how the system is supposed to work, when in doubt err on the side of the
> accused because it is better to have 10 guilty men walk free than one
> innocent man deprived. For a judge to refuse nearly any request from a
> juror, especially those relating to 'the law', should immediately result
> in dis-barment proceedings.
>
> It is supposed to take an act so heinous that you can get a majority of a
> community, which normaly has potentialy violent differences in beliefs, to
> agree on a single punishment. The fact is the jury, and the natural
> inclination of any two people to disagree on most things, is supposed to
> be the ultimate break on in-justice because they sit outside the law, even
> the Constitution, with respect to why they as individuals rule on a case.
> To find a person guilty through a criminal jury trial is an issue of
> touching humanity, not law. The law is not the end, it is only a means.
> See first two para's of Declaration of Independence.
>
> The level of requirements placed upon the executive branch with respect to
> enforcing laws is intended to make it nearly impossible for a enforcement
> agent to arrest someone and bring actual charges.
>
> The theory of 'American Democracy' is in fact 'revolutionary' even today
> because we no longer live in that country. Fascism or socialism has no
> place, irrespective of degree, in this country. The very agencies which
> are sworn to protect the liberties of the people, abuse their trust and
> ignore their duties.
>
> To claim any sort of unity with respect to intent with the Constitution is
> to fundamentaly mis-represent the document. It is a compromise made by the
> devil. The founding fathers were not in agreement, there were monarchists
> as well as many other views represented. What they created was a document
> that instantiated a principle and a goal, not the completion of the
> process. We are not, and they did not intend, trying to recreate their
> world. We are trying to make a better one.
>
> An American bends their knee to no man. And a real American ask no man to
> bend theirs.
>
> to paraphrase Capt. Joseph Brant's comments to a British Court a long
> time ago, in a galaxy far, far away...
>
> The Red Coats are coming!
>
> ____________________________________________________________________
>
> Beware gentle knight, there is no greater monster than reason.
>
> Miguel de Cervantes
>
> The Armadillo Group ,::////;::-. James Choate
> Austin, Tx /:'///// ``::>/|/ [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> www.ssz.com .', |||| `/( e\ 512-451-7087
> -====~~mm-'`-```-mm --'-
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> [Image] National Archives and Records Administration
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Constitution Page
>
> Constitution of the United States of America
>
> Note: The following text is a transcription of the Constitution in
> its original form. Items in hypertext have since been amended or
> superseded. The Signature Area of this transcription features
> hyperlinks to biographies of the delegates to the Constitutional
> Convention.
> ------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more
> perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility,
> provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and
> secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do
> ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of
> America.
>
> Article. I.
>
> Section. 1.
> All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a
> Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and
> House of Representatives.
>
> Section. 2.
> The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen
> every second Year by the People of the several States, and the
> Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for
> Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.
>
> No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to
> the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of
> the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an
> Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.
>
> Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the
> several States which may be included within this Union, according
> to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding
> to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to
> Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed,
> three fifths of all other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be
> made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of
> the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years,
> in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of
> Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand,
> but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until
> such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall
> be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and
> Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New
> Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six,
> Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and
> Georgia three.
>
> When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the
> Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill
> such Vacancies.
>
> The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other
> Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.
>
> Section. 3.
> The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators
> from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six Years;
> and each Senator shall have one Vote.
>
> Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the
> first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into
> three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall
> be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second
> Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class
> at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be
> chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation,
> or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State,
> the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the
> next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such
> Vacancies.
>
> No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the
> Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United
> States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that
> State for which he shall be chosen.
>
> The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the
> Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.
>
> The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President
> pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he
> shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.
>
> The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When
> sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation.
> When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief
> Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without
> the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.
>
> Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to
> removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any
> Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the
> Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to
> Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.
>
> Section. 4.
> The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and
> Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the
> Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make
> or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing
> Senators.
>
> The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such
> Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they
> shall by Law appoint a different Day.
>
> Section. 5.
> Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and
> Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall
> constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may
> adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the
> Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such
> Penalties as each House may provide.
>
> Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its
> Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two
> thirds, expel a Member.
>
> Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time
> to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their
> Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of
> either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of
> those Present, be entered on the Journal.
>
> Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the
> Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any
> other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.
>
> Section. 6.
> The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for
> their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the
> Treasury of the United States. They shall in all Cases, except
> Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest
> during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses,
> and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or
> Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other
> Place.
>
> No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he
> was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority
> of the United States, which shall have been created, or the
> Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and
> no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a
> Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.
>
> Section. 7.
> All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of
> Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with
> Amendments as on other Bills.
>
> Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives
> and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the
> President of the United States: If he approve he shall sign it,
> but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House
> in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections
> at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after
> such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass
> the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the
> other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if
> approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But
> in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by
> yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against
> the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House
> respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President
> within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been
> presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he
> had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent
> its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.
>
> Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the
> Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a
> question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of
> the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be
> approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by
> two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according
> to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.
>
> Section. 8.
> The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties,
> Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common
> Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties,
> Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;
>
> To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;
>
> To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several
> States, and with the Indian Tribes;
>
> To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws
> on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;
>
> To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin,
> and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;
>
> To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and
> current Coin of the United States;
>
> To establish Post Offices and post Roads;
>
> To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing
> for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to
> their respective Writings and Discoveries;
>
> To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;
>
> To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high
> Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations;
>
> To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make
> Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;
>
> To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that
> Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;
>
> To provide and maintain a Navy;
>
> To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and
> naval Forces;
>
> To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of
> the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;
>
> To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia,
> and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the
> Service of the United States, reserving to the States
> respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority
> of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by
> Congress;
>
> To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over
> such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession
> of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the
> Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like
> Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the
> Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the
> Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other
> needful Buildings;--And
>
> To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying
> into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested
> by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in
> any Department or Officer thereof.
>
> Section. 9.
> The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States
> now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited
> by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and
> eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not
> exceeding ten dollars for each Person.
>
> The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended,
> unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety
> may require it.
>
> No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.
>
> No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in
> Proportion to the Census or enumeration herein before directed to
> be taken.
>
> No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.
>
> No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or
> Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another; nor shall
> Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear,
> or pay Duties in another.
>
> No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of
> Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of
> the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be
> published from time to time.
>
> No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no
> Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall,
> without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present,
> Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King,
> Prince, or foreign State.
>
> Section. 10.
> No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation;
> grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of
> Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in
> Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law,
> or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title
> of Nobility.
>
> No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any
> Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be
> absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: and the
> net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on
> Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the
> United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision
> and Controul of the Congress.
>
> No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of
> Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into
> any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign
> Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such
> imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Article. II.
>
> Section. 1.
> The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United
> States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of
> four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the
> same Term, be elected, as follows:
>
> Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature
> thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole
> Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be
> entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or
> Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United
> States, shall be appointed an Elector.
>
> The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by
> Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an
> Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make
> a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes
> for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit
> sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States,
> directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the
> Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of
> Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall
> then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes
> shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole
> Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who
> have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the
> House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of
> them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from
> the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner
> chuse the President. But in chusing the President, the Votes shall
> be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one
> Vote; A quorum for this purpose shall consist of a Member or
> Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the
> States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the
> Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of
> Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there
> should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall
> chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President.
>
> The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and
> the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be
> the same throughout the United States.
>
> No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the
> United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution,
> shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any
> Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to
> the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident
> within the United States.
>
> In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his
> Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and
> Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice
> President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of
> Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President
> and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as
> President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the
> Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.
>
> The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a
> Compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished
> during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he
> shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the
> United States, or any of them.
>
> Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the
> following Oath or Affirmation:--"I do solemnly swear (or affirm)
> that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the
> United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve,
> protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."
>
> Section. 2.
> The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of
> the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when
> called into the actual Service of the United States; he may
> require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each
> of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the
> Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to
> grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United
> States, except in Cases of Impeachment.
>
> He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the
> Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators
> present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice
> and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public
> Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other
> Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein
> otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but
> the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior
> Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the
> Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.
>
> The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may
> happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions
> which shall expire at the End of their next Session.
>
> Section. 3.
> He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the
> State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such
> Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on
> extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them,
> and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time
> of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think
> proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers;
> he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall
> Commission all the Officers of the United States.
>
> Section. 4.
> The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United
> States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and
> Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and
> Misdemeanors.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Article III.
>
> Section. 1.
> The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one
> supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may
> from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the
> supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good
> Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services
> a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their
> Continuance in Office.
>
> Section. 2.
> The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity,
> arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States,
> and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their
> Authority;--to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public
> Ministers and Consuls;--to all Cases of admiralty and maritime
> Jurisdiction;--to Controversies to which the United States shall
> be a Party;--to Controversies between two or more States;--
> between a State and Citizens of another State;--between Citizens
> of different States;--between Citizens of the same State claiming
> Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or
> the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.
>
> In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and
> Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme
> Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases
> before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate
> Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and
> under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.
>
> The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be
> by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said
> Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within
> any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the
> Congress may by Law have directed.
>
> Section. 3.
> Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying
> War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid
> and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the
> Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession
> in open Court.
>
> The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of
> Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of
> Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person
> attainted.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Article. IV.
>
> Section. 1.
> Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public
> Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And
> the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which
> such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect
> thereof.
>
> Section. 2.
> The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and
> Immunities of Citizens in the several States.
>
> A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other
> Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State,
> shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which
> he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having
> Jurisdiction of the Crime.
>
> No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws
> thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law
> or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour,
> but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such
> Service or Labour may be due.
>
> Section. 3.
> New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no
> new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of
> any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or
> more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the
> Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.
>
> The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful
> Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property
> belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution
> shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United
> States, or of any particular State.
>
> Section. 4.
> The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a
> Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them
> against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the
> Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened), against
> domestic Violence.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Article. V.
>
> The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it
> necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on
> the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several
> States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which,
> in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as
> Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of
> three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three
> fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may
> be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may
> be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight
> shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the
> Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its
> Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Article. VI.
>
> All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the
> Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the
> United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.
>
> This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall
> be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which
> shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be
> the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall
> be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any
> State to the Contrary notwithstanding.
>
> The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members
> of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial
> Officers, both of the United States and of the several States,
> shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this
> Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a
> Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United
> States.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Article. VII.
>
> The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be
> sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the
> States so ratifying the Same.
>
> The Word, "the," being interlined between the seventh and eighth
> Lines of the first Page, the Word "Thirty" being partly written on
> an Erazure in the fifteenth Line of the first Page, The Words "is
> tried" being interlined between the thirty second and thirty third
> Lines of the first Page and the Word "the" being interlined
> between the forty third and forty fourth Lines of the second Page.
>
> Attest William Jackson Secretary
>
> Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present
> the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one
> thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of
> the United States of America the Twelfth In witness whereof We
> have hereunto subscribed our Names,
>
> G�. Washington
> Presidt and deputy from Virginia
>
> Delaware
> Geo: Read
> Gunning Bedford jun
> John Dickinson
> Richard Bassett
> Jaco: Broom
>
> Maryland
> James McHenry
> Dan of St Thos. Jenifer
> Danl. Carroll
>
> Virginia
> John Blair
> James Madison Jr.
>
> North Carolina
> Wm. Blount
> Richd. Dobbs Spaight
> Hu Williamson
>
> South Carolina
> J. Rutledge
> Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
> Charles Pinckney
> Pierce Butler
>
> Georgia
> William Few
> Abr Baldwin
>
> New Hampshire
> John Langdon
> Nicholas Gilman
>
> Massachusetts
> Nathaniel Gorham
> Rufus King
>
> Connecticut
> Wm. Saml. Johnson
> Roger Sherman
>
> New York
> Alexander Hamilton
>
> New Jersey
> Wil: Livingston
> David Brearley
> Wm. Paterson
> Jona: Dayton
>
> Pennsylvania
> B Franklin
> Thomas Mifflin
> Robt. Morris
> Geo. Clymer
> Thos. FitzSimons
> Jared Ingersoll
> James Wilson
> Gouv Morris
>
> For biographies of the nonsigning delegates to the Constitutional
> Convention,
> see Founding Fathers Page.
>
> [ Bill of Rights | Amendments 11-27 | Constitution Page
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
> National Archives and Records Administration
> URL: http://www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/constitution/constitution.html
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Last updated: October 16, 1998
>
> [Image] Bill of Rights page
>
> THE FIRST 10 AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION AS RATIFIED BY THE STATES
>
> Note: The following text is a transcription of the first 10 amendments to
> the Constitution in their original form. These amendments were ratified
> December 15, 1791, and form what is known as the "Bill of Rights."
>
> Amendment I
>
> Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or
> prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech,
> or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to
> petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
>
> Amendment II
>
> A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State,
> the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
>
> Amendment III
>
> No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the
> consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed
> by law.
>
> Amendment IV
>
> The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and
> effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated,
> and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or
> affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the
> persons or things to be seized.
>
> Amendment V
>
> No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous
> crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in
> cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual
> service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for
> the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be
> compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be
> deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor
> shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
>
> Amendment VI
>
> In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy
> and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the
> crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously
> ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the
> accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have
> compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the
> Assistance of Counsel for his defence.
>
> Amendment VII
>
> In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty
> dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by
> a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any Court of the United States,
> than according to the rules of the common law.
>
> Amendment VIII
>
> Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel
> and unusual punishments inflicted.
>
> Amendment IX
>
> The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be
> construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
>
> Amendment X
>
> The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor
> prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or
> to the people.
>
> Amendments 11-27
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Note: The capitalization and punctuation in this version is from the
> enrolled original of the Joint Resolution of Congress proposing the Bill of
> Rights, which is on permanent display in the Rotunda of the National
> Archives Building, Washington, D.C.
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
> National Archives and Records Administration home page
> URL: http://www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/billrights/billrights.html
> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Last Modified on February 16, 2001
>
>
--
Yours,
J.A. Terranson
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
If Governments really want us to behave like civilized human beings, they
should give serious consideration towards setting a better example:
Ruling by force, rather than consensus; the unrestrained application of
unjust laws (which the victim-populations were never allowed input on in
the first place); the State policy of justice only for the rich and
elected; the intentional abuse and occassionally destruction of entire
populations merely to distract an already apathetic and numb electorate...
This type of demogoguery must surely wipe out the fascist United States
as surely as it wiped out the fascist Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
The views expressed here are mine, and NOT those of my employers,
associates, or others. Besides, if it *were* the opinion of all of
those people, I doubt there would be a problem to bitch about in the
first place...
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