anujmodi2021 commented on code in PR #8043:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hadoop/pull/8043#discussion_r2470498123


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hadoop-tools/hadoop-azure/src/main/java/org/apache/hadoop/fs/azurebfs/services/SlidingWindowHdrHistogram.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.hadoop.fs.azurebfs.services;
+import org.HdrHistogram.Histogram;
+import org.HdrHistogram.Recorder;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.classification.VisibleForTesting;
+
+public class SlidingWindowHdrHistogram {
+  private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(SlidingWindowHdrHistogram.class);
+
+  // Configuration
+  private final long windowSizeMillis;          // Total analysis window
+  private final long timeSegmentDurationMillis;       // Subdivision on 
analysis window
+  private final int numSegments;
+  private final long highestTrackableValue;
+  private final int significantFigures;
+
+  // Ring buffer of immutable snapshots for completed time segments
+  private final Histogram[] completedSegments;
+  private final AtomicInteger currentIndex = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+  // Active Time Segment
+  private volatile Recorder activeSegmentRecorder;
+  private Histogram currentSegmentAccumulation;
+  private volatile long currentSegmentStartMillis;
+  private final AtomicLong currentTotalCount = new AtomicLong(0L);
+
+  // Synchronization
+  // Writers never take locks. Readers (queries) and rotation use this lock
+  // to mutate currentAccumulation and ring-buffer pointers safely.
+  private final ReentrantLock rotateLock = new ReentrantLock();
+
+  // Reusable temp histograms to minimize allocations
+  private Histogram tmpForDelta;
+  private Histogram tmpForMerge;
+
+  private final AbfsRestOperationType operationType;
+
+  private boolean isAnalysisWindowFilled = false;
+  private int minSampleSize;
+  private int tailLatencyPercentile;
+  private int tailLatencyMinDeviation;
+
+  private double p50 = 0.0;
+  private double p90 = 0.0;
+  private double p99 = 0.0;
+  private double tailLatency = 0.0;
+  private int deviation = 0;
+
+  public SlidingWindowHdrHistogram(long windowSizeMillis,
+      int numberOfSegments,
+      int minSampleSize,
+      int tailLatencyPercentile,
+      int tailLatencyMinDeviation,
+      long highestTrackableValue,
+      int significantFigures,
+      final AbfsRestOperationType operationType) {
+    if (windowSizeMillis <= 0) throw new 
IllegalArgumentException("windowSizeMillis > 0");
+    if (numberOfSegments <= 0) throw new 
IllegalArgumentException("bucketDurationMillis > 0");
+    if (highestTrackableValue <= 0) throw new 
IllegalArgumentException("highestTrackableValue > 0");
+    if (significantFigures < 1 || significantFigures > 5) throw new 
IllegalArgumentException("significantFigures in [1,5]");
+
+    this.windowSizeMillis = windowSizeMillis;
+    this.numSegments = numberOfSegments;
+    this.timeSegmentDurationMillis = windowSizeMillis/numberOfSegments;
+    this.highestTrackableValue = highestTrackableValue;
+    this.significantFigures = significantFigures;
+    this.operationType = operationType;
+    this.minSampleSize = minSampleSize;
+    this.tailLatencyPercentile = tailLatencyPercentile;
+    this.tailLatencyMinDeviation = tailLatencyMinDeviation; // 5ms
+
+    this.completedSegments = new Histogram[numSegments];
+    long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    this.currentSegmentStartMillis = alignToSegmentDuration(now);
+    currentIndex.set(0);
+    this.activeSegmentRecorder = new Recorder(highestTrackableValue, 
significantFigures);
+    this.currentSegmentAccumulation = new Histogram(highestTrackableValue, 
significantFigures);
+    this.tmpForDelta = new Histogram(highestTrackableValue, 
significantFigures);
+    this.tmpForMerge = new Histogram(highestTrackableValue, 
significantFigures);
+
+    LOG.debug("[{}] Initialized SlidingWindowHdrHistogram with WindowSize {}, 
TimeSegmentDur: {}, NumOfSegments: {}", operationType, windowSizeMillis, 
timeSegmentDurationMillis, numSegments);
+  }
+
+  /** Record a single latency value (in your chosen time unit). Thread-safe 
and lock-free. */
+  public void recordValue(long value) {
+    if (value < 0 || value > highestTrackableValue) {
+      LOG.warn("[{}] Value {} outside of range [0, {}]. Ignoring",
+          operationType, value, highestTrackableValue);
+      return;
+    }
+    activeSegmentRecorder.recordValue(value);
+    currentTotalCount.incrementAndGet();
+    LOG.debug("[{}] Recorded latency value: {}. Current total count: {}",
+        operationType, value, currentTotalCount.get());
+  }
+
+  /** Get any percentile over the current sliding window. */
+  public void computeLatency() {
+    if (getCurrentTotalCount() < minSampleSize) {
+      LOG.debug("[{}] Not enough data to report percentiles. Current total 
count: {}",
+          operationType, getCurrentTotalCount());
+    } else {
+      rotateLock.lock();
+      try {
+        tmpForMerge.reset();
+        for (int i = 0; i < numSegments; i++) {
+          Histogram h = completedSegments[i];
+          if (h != null && h.getTotalCount() > 0) {
+            tmpForMerge.add(h);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (tmpForMerge.getTotalCount() == 0) return;
+
+        tailLatency = tmpForMerge.getValueAtPercentile(tailLatencyPercentile);
+        p50 = tmpForMerge.getValueAtPercentile(50);
+        p90 = tmpForMerge.getValueAtPercentile(90);
+        p99 = tmpForMerge.getValueAtPercentile(99);
+        deviation = (int) ((tailLatency - p50)/p50 * 100);
+      } finally {
+        rotateLock.unlock();
+      }
+    }
+    LOG.debug("[{}] Computed Latencies. p50: {}, p90: {}, p99: {}, 
tailLatency: {}, deviation with p50: {} Current total count: {}",
+        operationType, p50, p90, p99, tailLatency, deviation, 
getCurrentTotalCount());
+  }
+
+  private long alignToSegmentDuration(long timeMs) {
+    return timeMs - (timeMs % timeSegmentDurationMillis);
+  }
+
+  /** Ensure active bucket is aligned to current time; rotate if we've crossed 
a boundary. */
+  public void rotateIfNeeded() {
+    LOG.debug("[{}] Triggering Histogram Rotation", operationType);
+    long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    long expectedStart = alignToSegmentDuration(now);
+    if (expectedStart == currentSegmentStartMillis) {
+      LOG.debug("[{}] Current Time Segment Still Active at {}. Skipping 
Rotation", operationType, expectedStart);
+      return; // still current
+    }
+
+    rotateLock.lock();
+    try {
+      // Re-check inside lock
+      now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+      expectedStart = alignToSegmentDuration(now);
+      if (expectedStart == currentSegmentStartMillis) return;
+
+      // Finalize the current bucket:
+      // Pull any remaining deltas from active recorder and add to 
currentAccumulation
+      tmpForDelta.reset();
+      activeSegmentRecorder.getIntervalHistogramInto(tmpForDelta);
+      currentSegmentAccumulation.add(tmpForDelta);
+
+      if (currentSegmentAccumulation.getTotalCount() <= 0) {
+        currentSegmentStartMillis = 
alignToSegmentDuration(System.currentTimeMillis());
+        LOG.debug("[{}] No data recorded in current time segment at {}. 
Skipping Rotation. Current Index is {}.",
+            operationType, currentSegmentStartMillis, currentIndex.get());
+        return;
+      }
+
+      LOG.debug("[{}] Rotating current segment with total count {} into slot 
{}",
+          operationType, currentSegmentAccumulation.getTotalCount(), 
currentIndex.get());
+
+      // Place the finished currentAccumulation into the ring buffer slot 
ahead.
+      int currentIdx = (currentIndex.getAndIncrement()) % numSegments;
+      // Next slot is now going to be eradicated. Remove its count from total.
+      currentTotalCount.set(currentTotalCount.get() - 
(completedSegments[currentIdx] == null ? 0 : 
completedSegments[currentIdx].getTotalCount()));
+      // Store an immutable snapshot (make sure we don't mutate the instance 
after storing)
+      completedSegments[currentIdx] = currentSegmentAccumulation;

Review Comment:
   This is happening by reference. The reference earlier held by 
`currentSegmentAccumulation` is now saved into `completedSegments[currentIdx]`. 
And a new reference is created  and saved into `currentSegmentAccumulation`
   



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