gortiz commented on code in PR #14296:
URL: https://github.com/apache/pinot/pull/14296#discussion_r1820978884


##########
pinot-query-planner/src/test/java/org/apache/pinot/query/planner/logical/StagesTestBase.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.pinot.query.planner.logical;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import org.apache.calcite.rel.core.JoinRelType;
+import org.apache.pinot.common.utils.DataSchema;
+import org.apache.pinot.query.planner.plannode.JoinNode;
+import org.apache.pinot.query.planner.plannode.MailboxReceiveNode;
+import org.apache.pinot.query.planner.plannode.MailboxSendNode;
+import org.apache.pinot.query.planner.plannode.PlanNode;
+import org.apache.pinot.query.planner.plannode.TableScanNode;
+import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
+
+
+/**
+ * A base test class that can be used to write tests for stages using a fluent 
DSL.
+ *
+ * This class provides two features:
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>Builders that can be used to create nodes in a fluent way.</li>
+ *   <li>Access to the stages that were created during the test with {@link 
#stage(int)}.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * It is expected that each test method will call {@link 
#when(SimpleChildBuilder)} to create a new plan, which will
+ * populate the list of stages. After that, the test can look for the stages 
with the {@link #stage(int)} method and
+ * assert the expected behavior.
+ */
+public class StagesTestBase {
+  private final HashMap<Integer, MailboxSendNode> _stageRoots = new 
HashMap<>();
+
+  /**
+   * Clears the list of stages.
+   *
+   * This method is automatically called by the test framework, ensuring each 
test starts with a clean slate.
+   * This method can also be called in middle of the test, but that is not 
recommended given it usually means that the
+   * test is getting too complex and difficult to read and/or get insights 
from it in case of failure.
+   */
+  @AfterMethod
+  public void setUp() {
+    _stageRoots.clear();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new plan that will have an initial stage.
+   *
+   * The stage will have a default {@link MailboxSendNode} whose stage will be 
0 and its child the one created by the
+   * builder.
+   *
+   * Notice that this method does not offer any way to customize the initial 
send mailbox.
+   */
+  public MailboxSendNode when(SimpleChildBuilder<? extends PlanNode> builder) {
+    return sendMailbox(0, builder).build(0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a builder that can be used to create a new mailbox receive node.
+   *
+   * It is usually recommended to use {@link #exchange(int, 
SimpleChildBuilder)} instead of this method, given that
+   * {@code exchange} creates a pair of send and receive mailboxes and deals 
with the stageId management.
+   */
+  public SimpleChildBuilder<MailboxReceiveNode> 
receiveMailbox(SimpleChildBuilder<MailboxSendNode> childBuilder) {
+    return (stageId, mySchema, myHints) -> {
+      MailboxSendNode mailbox = childBuilder.build(stageId);
+      int nextStageId = mailbox.getStageId();
+      return new MailboxReceiveNode(stageId, mySchema, List.of(), nextStageId, 
null, null, null, null, false, false,
+          mailbox);
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a join node that will have the left and right nodes as children.
+   *
+   * The join type will be {@link JoinRelType#FULL}, the join strategy will be 
{@link JoinNode.JoinStrategy#HASH} and
+   * there will be no conditions. If custom joins are needed feel free to add 
more builder methods or create your own
+   * instance of {@link SimpleChildBuilder}.
+   */
+  public SimpleChildBuilder<JoinNode> join(
+      SimpleChildBuilder<? extends PlanNode> leftBuilder,
+      SimpleChildBuilder<? extends PlanNode> rightBuilder) {
+    return (stageId, mySchema, myHints) -> {
+      PlanNode left = leftBuilder.build(stageId);
+      PlanNode right = rightBuilder.build(stageId);
+      return new JoinNode(stageId, mySchema, myHints, List.of(left, right), 
JoinRelType.FULL,
+          Collections.emptyList(), Collections.emptyList(), 
Collections.emptyList(), JoinNode.JoinStrategy.HASH);
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a pair of receiver and sender nodes that will be logically 
connected.
+   *
+   * Whenever this builder is used to create a node, the mailbox send node 
will be added to the list of mailboxes.
+   *
+   * Although there are builder methods to create send and receive mailboxes 
separately, this method is recommended
+   * because it deals with the stageId management and creates tests that are 
easier to read.
+   */
+  public SimpleChildBuilder<MailboxReceiveNode> exchange(
+      int nextStageId, SimpleChildBuilder<? extends PlanNode> childBuilder) {
+    return (stageId, mySchema, myHints) -> {
+      PlanNode input = childBuilder.build(stageId);
+      MailboxSendNode mailboxSendNode = new MailboxSendNode(nextStageId, null, 
List.of(input), stageId, null, null,
+          null, false, null, false);
+      MailboxSendNode old = _stageRoots.put(nextStageId, mailboxSendNode);
+      Preconditions.checkState(old == null, "Mailbox already exists for 
stageId: %s", nextStageId);
+      return new MailboxReceiveNode(stageId, null, List.of(), nextStageId, 
null, null, null, null,
+          false, false, mailboxSendNode);
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a table scan node with the given table name.
+   */
+  public SimpleChildBuilder<TableScanNode> tableScan(String tableName) {
+    return (stageId, mySchema, myHints) -> new TableScanNode(stageId, 
mySchema, myHints, List.of(), tableName,
+        Collections.emptyList());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Looks for the mailbox that corresponds to the given stageId.
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if the mailbox is not found.
+   */
+  public MailboxSendNode stage(int stageId) {
+    MailboxSendNode result = _stageRoots.get(stageId);
+    Preconditions.checkState(result != null, "Mailbox not found for stageId: 
%s", stageId);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a builder that can be used to create a new mailbox send node.
+   *
+   * Whenever this builder is used to create a node, the created node will be 
added to the list of mailboxes.
+   *
+   * It is usually recommended to use {@link #exchange(int, 
SimpleChildBuilder)} instead of this method, given that
+   * {@code exchange} creates a pair of send and receive mailboxes and deals 
with the stageId management.
+   */
+  public SimpleChildBuilder<MailboxSendNode> sendMailbox(
+      int newStageId, SimpleChildBuilder<? extends PlanNode> childBuilder) {
+    return (stageId, mySchema, myHints) -> {
+      PlanNode input = childBuilder.build(stageId);
+      MailboxSendNode mailboxSendNode = new MailboxSendNode(newStageId, 
mySchema, List.of(input), stageId, null, null,
+          null, false, null, false);
+      MailboxSendNode old = _stageRoots.put(stageId, mailboxSendNode);
+      Preconditions.checkState(old == null, "Mailbox already exists for 
stageId: %s", stageId);
+      return mailboxSendNode;
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A builder that can be used to create a child node.
+   *
+   * It is not expected for test writers to implement this class. Instead it 
is recommended to use methods like
+   * {@link #exchange(int, SimpleChildBuilder)}, {@link 
#join(SimpleChildBuilder, SimpleChildBuilder)},
+   * {@link #tableScan(String)} and others to chain instances of this class.
+   */
+  public interface ChildBuilder<P extends PlanNode> {
+    P build(int stageId, @Nullable DataSchema dataSchema, @Nullable 
PlanNode.NodeHint hints);

Review Comment:
   No, it is not used externally and probably should never be. But we need it 
to create the machinary that runs withDataSchema and withHints



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