richardstartin commented on a change in pull request #7405:
URL: https://github.com/apache/pinot/pull/7405#discussion_r710143588



##########
File path: 
pinot-segment-local/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/local/utils/nativefst/utils/RegexpMatcher.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.pinot.segment.local.utils.nativefst.utils;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.local.utils.nativefst.FST;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.local.utils.nativefst.automaton.Automaton;
+import 
org.apache.pinot.segment.local.utils.nativefst.automaton.CharacterRunAutomaton;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.local.utils.nativefst.automaton.RegExp;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.local.utils.nativefst.automaton.State;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.local.utils.nativefst.automaton.Transition;
+
+
+/**
+ * RegexpMatcher is a helper to retrieve matching values for a given regexp 
query.
+ * Regexp query is converted into an automaton and we run the matching 
algorithm on FST.
+ *
+ * Two main functions of this class are
+ *   regexMatchOnFST() Function runs matching on FST (See function comments 
for more details)
+ *   match(input) Function builds the automaton and matches given input.
+ */
+public class RegexpMatcher {
+  private final String _regexQuery;
+  private final FST _fst;
+  private final Automaton _automaton;
+
+  public RegexpMatcher(String regexQuery, FST fst) {
+    _regexQuery = regexQuery;
+    _fst = fst;
+
+    _automaton = new RegExp(_regexQuery).toAutomaton();
+  }
+
+  public static List<Long> regexMatch(String regexQuery, FST fst) {
+    RegexpMatcher matcher = new RegexpMatcher(regexQuery, fst);
+    return matcher.regexMatchOnFST();
+  }
+
+  // Matches "input" string with _regexQuery Automaton.
+  public boolean match(String input) {
+    CharacterRunAutomaton characterRunAutomaton = new 
CharacterRunAutomaton(_automaton);
+    return characterRunAutomaton.run(input);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This function runs matching on automaton built from regexQuery and the 
FST.
+   * FST stores key (string) to a value (Long). Both are state machines and 
state transition is based on
+   * a input character.
+   *
+   * This algorithm starts with Queue containing (Automaton Start Node, FST 
Start Node).
+   * Each step an entry is popped from the queue:
+   *    1) if the automaton state is accept and the FST Node is final (i.e. 
end node) then the value stored for that FST
+   *       is added to the set of result.
+   *    2) Else next set of transitions on automaton are gathered and for each 
transition target node for that character
+   *       is figured out in FST Node, resulting pair of (automaton state, fst 
node) are added to the queue.
+   *    3) This process is bound to complete since we are making progression 
on the FST (which is a DAG) towards final
+   *       nodes.
+   * @return
+   */
+  public List<Long> regexMatchOnFST() {
+    final List<Path> queue = new ArrayList<>();
+    final List<Long> endNodes = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    if (_automaton.getNumberOfStates() == 0) {
+      return Collections.emptyList();
+    }
+
+    // Automaton start state and FST start node is added to the queue.
+    queue.add(new Path(_automaton.getInitialState(), _fst.getRootNode(), 0, 
new ArrayList<>()));
+
+    Set<State> acceptStates = _automaton.getAcceptStates();
+    while (queue.size() != 0) {
+      final Path path = queue.remove(queue.size() - 1);
+
+      // If automaton is in accept state and the fstNode is final (i.e. end 
node) then add the entry to endNodes which
+      // contains the result set.
+      if (acceptStates.contains(path._state)) {
+        if (_fst.isArcFinal(path._fstArc)) {
+          endNodes.add((long) _fst.getOutputSymbol(path._fstArc));

Review comment:
       Why cast to `long` here?




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