J-HowHuang commented on code in PR #16341:
URL: https://github.com/apache/pinot/pull/16341#discussion_r2216614105


##########
pinot-controller/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/controller/helix/core/rebalance/TableRebalancer.java:
##########
@@ -411,6 +416,31 @@ private RebalanceResult doRebalance(TableConfig 
tableConfig, RebalanceConfig reb
               tierToInstancePartitionsMap, rebalanceConfig);
         }
       }
+
+      // If peer-download is enabled, verify that for all segments with 
changes in assignment, it is safe to rebalance
+      // Create the DataLossRiskAssessor which is used to check for data loss 
scenarios if peer-download is enabled
+      // for a table. Skip this step if allowPeerDownloadDataLoss = true
+      if (peerSegmentDownloadScheme != null && !allowPeerDownloadDataLoss) {
+        // Setting minAvailableReplicas to 0 since that is what's equivalent 
to downtime=true
+        DataLossRiskAssessor dataLossRiskAssessor = new 
PeerDownloadTableDataLossRiskAssessor(tableNameWithType,
+            tableConfig, 0, _helixManager, _pinotLLCRealtimeSegmentManager);
+        for (Map.Entry<String, Map<String, String>> segmentToAssignment : 
currentAssignment.entrySet()) {
+          String segmentName = segmentToAssignment.getKey();
+          Map<String, String> assignment = segmentToAssignment.getValue();
+          if (!assignment.equals(targetAssignment.get(segmentName))
+              && dataLossRiskAssessor.hasDataLossRisk(segmentName)) {
+            // Fail the rebalance if a segment with the potential for data 
loss is found
+            String errorMsg = "Moving segment " + segmentName + " as part of 
rebalance is risky for peer-download "
+                + "enabled tables, ensure the deep store has a copy of the 
segment and if upsert / dedup enabled "
+                + "that it is completed and try again. It is recommended to 
forceCommit and pause ingestion prior to "
+                + "rebalancing";
+            onReturnFailure(errorMsg, new IllegalStateException(errorMsg), 
tableRebalanceLogger);
+            return new RebalanceResult(rebalanceJobId, 
RebalanceResult.Status.FAILED, errorMsg, instancePartitionsMap,
+                tierToInstancePartitionsMap, targetAssignment, 
preChecksResult, summaryResult);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+

Review Comment:
   If `downtime=false` and `minAvailableReplicas > 1`, then yes at least one 
original instance will not be sent `DROPPED` transition.
   
   Generally when `minAvailableReplicas > 1`, there will be one instance up 
that holds the data, be it `ONLINE` or `CONSUMING` in external view. If it's 
`ONLINE` then it's good, we know there's at least an available copy to peer 
download. On the other hand, if this only original instance is in `CONSUMING`, 
it might be in a state other than `COMMITTED` or `RETAINED`, this is the time 
where data loss can still happen because it does not hold the immutable 
segment, and would need to download that from somewhere else (this is what the 
current realtime segment state machine does)
   
   So there's still chance for data loss even when `minAvailableReplicas > 1`, 
but these are edge cases and hard to handle. I think @somandal here in this PR 
only focus on `minAvailableReplicas=0` or `downtime=true`



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