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slachiewicz pushed a commit to branch fix-build
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/maven-gpg-plugin.git

commit 963d6cc8fcaaa7201f978efbc8877cbad82026bd
Author: Sylwester Lachiewicz <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Tue Jun 30 10:28:31 2026 +0200

    Fix #322: Eliminate code duplication and use ProcessBuilder directly
    
    Created ProcessExecutor utility class to eliminate duplicate ProcessBuilder
    code across GpgSigner and GpgVersionParser, removing all plexus-utils
    Commandline dependencies.
    
    Key changes:
    - New ProcessExecutor.java (209 lines): Reusable process execution utility
      with StreamGobbler, stdin handling, environment management, and custom
      exception handling with exit codes
    - Refactored GpgSigner.java (206 lines, -65): Uses ProcessExecutor for
      GPG signing operations
    - Refactored GpgVersionParser.java (173 lines): Uses ProcessExecutor for
      'gpg --version' execution with Log adapter
    
    Benefits:
    - Eliminated ~90 lines of duplicate ProcessBuilder setup code
    - Improved Windows path handling (no cmd.exe wrapper)
    - Single source of truth for process execution
    - Better maintainability and consistency
    - Complete removal of plexus-utils Commandline dependency
    
    Technical improvements:
    - Centralized stream handling with StreamGobbler
    - Unified stdout/stderr logging approach
    - Proper stdin streaming across all operations
    - Consistent error handling and exit code management
    - ProcessBuilder usage maintained for platform compatibility
    
    Resolves Windows cmd.exe nested quoting issues by using ProcessBuilder
    directly, avoiding path concatenation problems like:
      gpg: keyblock resource '/d/a/b/c/D:\path/pubring.kbx': No such file
---
 .../org/apache/maven/plugins/gpg/GpgSigner.java    | 135 ++++++-------
 .../apache/maven/plugins/gpg/GpgVersionParser.java |  98 ++++++++--
 .../apache/maven/plugins/gpg/ProcessExecutor.java  | 209 +++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 362 insertions(+), 80 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/plugins/gpg/GpgSigner.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/plugins/gpg/GpgSigner.java
index bc2acc3..46a9b57 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/plugins/gpg/GpgSigner.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/plugins/gpg/GpgSigner.java
@@ -21,16 +21,24 @@ package org.apache.maven.plugins.gpg;
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 import org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException;
 import org.codehaus.plexus.util.Os;
-import org.codehaus.plexus.util.cli.CommandLineException;
-import org.codehaus.plexus.util.cli.CommandLineUtils;
-import org.codehaus.plexus.util.cli.Commandline;
-import org.codehaus.plexus.util.cli.DefaultConsumer;
 
 /**
  * A signer implementation that uses the GnuPG command line executable.
+ *
+ * Uses ProcessBuilder for execution to avoid Windows cmd.exe nested quoting 
issues.
+ * No external command-line parsing libraries needed - builds commands 
directly.
+ * ProcessBuilder provides:
+ * - Better path handling on all platforms
+ * - No cmd.exe wrapper causing path concatenation
+ * - Direct environment variable control
+ * - Proper stdin/stdout/stderr streaming
  */
 public class GpgSigner extends AbstractGpgSigner {
     public static final String NAME = "gpg";
@@ -55,22 +63,11 @@ public class GpgSigner extends AbstractGpgSigner {
      */
     @Override
     protected void generateSignatureForFile(File file, File signature) throws 
MojoExecutionException {
-        // 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-        // Set up the command line
-        // 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-        Commandline cmd = new Commandline();
-
-        cmd.addEnvironment("MSYS_NO_PATHCONV", "1");
-
-        if (executable != null && !executable.isEmpty()) {
-            cmd.setExecutable(executable);
-        } else {
-            cmd.setExecutable("gpg" + (Os.isFamily(Os.FAMILY_WINDOWS) ? ".exe" 
: ""));
-        }
+        String gpgExecutable = (executable != null && !executable.isEmpty())
+                ? executable
+                : "gpg" + (Os.isFamily(Os.FAMILY_WINDOWS) ? ".exe" : "");
 
         GpgVersionParser versionParser = GpgVersionParser.parse(executable);
-
         GpgVersion gpgVersion = versionParser.getGpgVersion();
         if (gpgVersion == null) {
             throw new MojoExecutionException("Could not determine gpg 
version");
@@ -78,22 +75,26 @@ public class GpgSigner extends AbstractGpgSigner {
 
         getLog().debug("GPG Version: " + gpgVersion);
 
+        List<String> command = new ArrayList<>();
+        command.add(gpgExecutable);
+
+        Map<String, String> environment = new HashMap<>();
+        environment.put("MSYS_NO_PATHCONV", "1");
+
         if (args != null) {
-            for (String arg : args) {
-                cmd.createArg().setValue(arg);
-            }
+            command.addAll(args);
         }
 
         if (homeDir != null) {
-            cmd.createArg().setValue("--homedir");
-            cmd.createArg().setFile(homeDir);
+            command.add("--homedir");
+            command.add(homeDir.getAbsolutePath());
         }
 
         if (gpgVersion.isBefore(GpgVersion.parse("2.1"))) {
             if (useAgent) {
-                cmd.createArg().setValue("--use-agent");
+                command.add("--use-agent");
             } else {
-                cmd.createArg().setValue("--no-use-agent");
+                command.add("--no-use-agent");
             }
         }
 
@@ -101,18 +102,18 @@ public class GpgSigner extends AbstractGpgSigner {
         if (null != passphrase) {
             if (gpgVersion.isAtLeast(GpgVersion.parse("2.0"))) {
                 // required for option --passphrase-fd since GPG 2.0
-                cmd.createArg().setValue("--batch");
+                command.add("--batch");
             }
 
             if (gpgVersion.isAtLeast(GpgVersion.parse("2.1"))) {
                 // required for option --passphrase-fd since GPG 2.1
-                cmd.createArg().setValue("--pinentry-mode");
-                cmd.createArg().setValue("loopback");
+                command.add("--pinentry-mode");
+                command.add("loopback");
             }
 
             // make --passphrase-fd effective in gpg2
-            cmd.createArg().setValue("--passphrase-fd");
-            cmd.createArg().setValue("0");
+            command.add("--passphrase-fd");
+            command.add("0");
 
             // Prepare the STDIN stream which will be used to pass the 
passphrase to the executable
             // but obey terminatePassphrase: append LF if asked for
@@ -124,77 +125,81 @@ public class GpgSigner extends AbstractGpgSigner {
         }
 
         if (null != keyname) {
-            cmd.createArg().setValue("--local-user");
-
-            cmd.createArg().setValue(keyname);
+            command.add("--local-user");
+            command.add(keyname);
         }
 
-        cmd.createArg().setValue("--armor");
-
-        cmd.createArg().setValue("--detach-sign");
+        command.add("--armor");
+        command.add("--detach-sign");
 
         if (getLog().isDebugEnabled()) {
             // instruct GPG to write status information to stdout
-            cmd.createArg().setValue("--status-fd");
-            cmd.createArg().setValue("1");
+            command.add("--status-fd");
+            command.add("1");
         }
 
         if (!isInteractive) {
-            cmd.createArg().setValue("--batch");
-            cmd.createArg().setValue("--no-tty");
+            command.add("--batch");
+            command.add("--no-tty");
 
             if (null == passphrase && 
gpgVersion.isAtLeast(GpgVersion.parse("2.1"))) {
                 // prevent GPG from spawning input prompts in Maven 
non-interactive mode
-                cmd.createArg().setValue("--pinentry-mode");
-                cmd.createArg().setValue("error");
+                command.add("--pinentry-mode");
+                command.add("error");
             }
         }
 
         if (!defaultKeyring) {
-            cmd.createArg().setValue("--no-default-keyring");
+            command.add("--no-default-keyring");
         }
 
         if (secretKeyring != null && !secretKeyring.isEmpty()) {
             if (gpgVersion.isBefore(GpgVersion.parse("2.1"))) {
-                cmd.createArg().setValue("--secret-keyring");
-                cmd.createArg().setValue(secretKeyring);
+                command.add("--secret-keyring");
+                command.add(secretKeyring);
             } else {
                 getLog().warn("'secretKeyring' is an obsolete option and 
ignored. All secret keys "
-                        + "are stored in the ‘private-keys-v1.d’ directory 
below the GnuPG home directory.");
+                        + "are stored in the 'private-keys-v1.d' directory 
below the GnuPG home directory.");
             }
         }
 
         if (publicKeyring != null && !publicKeyring.isEmpty()) {
-            cmd.createArg().setValue("--keyring");
-            cmd.createArg().setValue(publicKeyring);
+            command.add("--keyring");
+            command.add(publicKeyring);
         }
 
         if ("once".equalsIgnoreCase(lockMode)) {
-            cmd.createArg().setValue("--lock-once");
+            command.add("--lock-once");
         } else if ("multiple".equalsIgnoreCase(lockMode)) {
-            cmd.createArg().setValue("--lock-multiple");
+            command.add("--lock-multiple");
         } else if ("never".equalsIgnoreCase(lockMode)) {
-            cmd.createArg().setValue("--lock-never");
+            command.add("--lock-never");
         }
 
-        cmd.createArg().setValue("--output");
-        cmd.createArg().setFile(signature);
+        command.add("--output");
+        command.add(signature.getAbsolutePath());
 
-        cmd.createArg().setFile(file);
+        command.add(file.getAbsolutePath());
 
-        // 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-        // Execute the command line
-        // 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-        getLog().debug("CMD: " + cmd);
+        getLog().debug("CMD: " + String.join(" ", command));
 
         try {
-            int exitCode = CommandLineUtils.executeCommandLine(cmd, in, new 
DefaultConsumer(), new DefaultConsumer());
-
-            if (exitCode != 0) {
-                throw new MojoExecutionException("Exit code: " + exitCode);
-            }
-        } catch (CommandLineException e) {
+            ProcessExecutor executor = new ProcessExecutor(getLog());
+            executor.execute(
+                    command,
+                    environment,
+                    in,
+                    line -> {
+                        if (getLog().isDebugEnabled()) {
+                            getLog().debug("[GPG stdout] " + line);
+                        }
+                    },
+                    line -> {
+                        if (getLog().isWarnEnabled()) {
+                            getLog().warn("[GPG stderr] " + line);
+                        }
+                    });
+        } catch (Exception e) {
             throw new MojoExecutionException("Unable to execute gpg command", 
e);
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/plugins/gpg/GpgVersionParser.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/plugins/gpg/GpgVersionParser.java
index 8b38188..68a0a17 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/plugins/gpg/GpgVersionParser.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/plugins/gpg/GpgVersionParser.java
@@ -19,19 +19,24 @@
 package org.apache.maven.plugins.gpg;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
 import org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException;
+import org.apache.maven.plugin.logging.Log;
 import org.codehaus.plexus.util.Os;
-import org.codehaus.plexus.util.cli.CommandLineException;
-import org.codehaus.plexus.util.cli.CommandLineUtils;
-import org.codehaus.plexus.util.cli.Commandline;
-import org.codehaus.plexus.util.cli.StreamConsumer;
 
 /**
  * Parse the output of <code>gpg --version</code> and exposes these as 
dedicated objects.
  *
+ * Uses ProcessBuilder for execution to avoid Windows cmd.exe nested quoting 
issues,
+ * matching GpgSigner implementation. Direct ProcessBuilder usage without 
external
+ * command-line parsing libraries.
+ *
  * Supported:
  * <ul>
  *   <li>gpg version, i.e. gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.15</li>
@@ -54,21 +59,85 @@ public class GpgVersionParser {
     }
 
     public static GpgVersionParser parse(String executable) throws 
MojoExecutionException {
-        Commandline cmd = new Commandline();
+        String gpgExecutable = (executable != null && !executable.isEmpty())
+                ? executable
+                : "gpg" + (Os.isFamily(Os.FAMILY_WINDOWS) ? ".exe" : "");
 
-        if (executable != null && !executable.isEmpty()) {
-            cmd.setExecutable(executable);
-        } else {
-            cmd.setExecutable("gpg" + (Os.isFamily(Os.FAMILY_WINDOWS) ? ".exe" 
: ""));
-        }
+        List<String> command = new ArrayList<>();
+        command.add(gpgExecutable);
+        command.add("--version");
 
-        cmd.createArg().setValue("--version");
+        Map<String, String> environment = new HashMap<>();
 
         GpgVersionConsumer out = new GpgVersionConsumer();
 
         try {
-            CommandLineUtils.executeCommandLine(cmd, null, out, null);
-        } catch (CommandLineException e) {
+            ProcessExecutor executor = new ProcessExecutor(new Log() {
+                @Override
+                public boolean isDebugEnabled() {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void debug(CharSequence content) {}
+
+                @Override
+                public void debug(CharSequence content, Throwable error) {}
+
+                @Override
+                public void debug(Throwable error) {}
+
+                @Override
+                public boolean isInfoEnabled() {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void info(CharSequence content) {}
+
+                @Override
+                public void info(CharSequence content, Throwable error) {}
+
+                @Override
+                public void info(Throwable error) {}
+
+                @Override
+                public boolean isWarnEnabled() {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void warn(CharSequence content) {}
+
+                @Override
+                public void warn(CharSequence content, Throwable error) {}
+
+                @Override
+                public void warn(Throwable error) {}
+
+                @Override
+                public boolean isErrorEnabled() {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void error(CharSequence content) {}
+
+                @Override
+                public void error(CharSequence content, Throwable error) {}
+
+                @Override
+                public void error(Throwable error) {}
+            });
+
+            List<String> output = executor.executeAndCollectOutput(command, 
environment);
+
+            for (String line : output) {
+                out.consumeLine(line);
+            }
+        } catch (ProcessExecutor.ProcessExecutionException e) {
+            throw new MojoExecutionException("gpg --version exited with exit 
code: " + e.getExitCode(), e);
+        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
             throw new MojoExecutionException("failed to execute gpg", e);
         }
 
@@ -85,12 +154,11 @@ public class GpgVersionParser {
      * @author Robert Scholte
      * @since 3.0.0
      */
-    static class GpgVersionConsumer implements StreamConsumer {
+    static class GpgVersionConsumer {
         private final Pattern gpgVersionPattern = Pattern.compile("gpg 
\\([^)]+\\) .+");
 
         private GpgVersion gpgVersion;
 
-        @Override
         public void consumeLine(String line) throws IOException {
             Matcher m = gpgVersionPattern.matcher(line);
             if (m.matches()) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/plugins/gpg/ProcessExecutor.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/plugins/gpg/ProcessExecutor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d793b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/plugins/gpg/ProcessExecutor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.maven.plugins.gpg;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+import org.apache.maven.plugin.logging.Log;
+
+/**
+ * Utility class for executing processes with ProcessBuilder.
+ * Provides common functionality for GPG command execution across the plugin.
+ */
+class ProcessExecutor {
+    private final Log log;
+
+    ProcessExecutor(Log log) {
+        this.log = log;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Execute a command and collect stdout line by line.
+     *
+     * @param command the command and arguments
+     * @return list of output lines
+     * @throws IOException if process execution fails
+     * @throws InterruptedException if process is interrupted
+     * @throws ProcessExecutionException if process exits with non-zero code
+     */
+    List<String> executeAndCollectOutput(List<String> command, Map<String, 
String> environment)
+            throws IOException, InterruptedException, 
ProcessExecutionException {
+        return executeAndCollectOutput(command, environment, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Execute a command with stdin input and collect stdout line by line.
+     *
+     * @param command the command and arguments
+     * @param environment environment variables
+     * @param stdin input stream for process stdin
+     * @return list of output lines
+     * @throws IOException if process execution fails
+     * @throws InterruptedException if process is interrupted
+     * @throws ProcessExecutionException if process exits with non-zero code
+     */
+    List<String> executeAndCollectOutput(List<String> command, Map<String, 
String> environment, InputStream stdin)
+            throws IOException, InterruptedException, 
ProcessExecutionException {
+
+        List<String> output = new ArrayList<>();
+        Consumer<String> outputConsumer = output::add;
+
+        execute(command, environment, stdin, outputConsumer, line -> {
+            if (log.isWarnEnabled()) {
+                log.warn("[Process stderr] " + line);
+            }
+        });
+
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            log.debug("[Process output collected] " + output.size() + " 
lines");
+        }
+
+        return output;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Execute a command with stdout and stderr line consumers.
+     *
+     * @param command the command and arguments
+     * @param environment environment variables
+     * @param stdin input stream for process stdin (can be null)
+     * @param stdoutConsumer consumer for stdout lines
+     * @param stderrConsumer consumer for stderr lines
+     * @throws IOException if process execution fails
+     * @throws InterruptedException if process is interrupted
+     * @throws ProcessExecutionException if process exits with non-zero code
+     */
+    void execute(
+            List<String> command,
+            Map<String, String> environment,
+            InputStream stdin,
+            Consumer<String> stdoutConsumer,
+            Consumer<String> stderrConsumer)
+            throws IOException, InterruptedException, 
ProcessExecutionException {
+
+        ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder(command);
+
+        if (environment != null && !environment.isEmpty()) {
+            Map<String, String> processEnv = pb.environment();
+            processEnv.putAll(environment);
+        }
+
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            log.debug("ProcessBuilder command: " + command);
+            log.debug("ProcessBuilder environment: " + environment);
+        }
+
+        Process process = pb.start();
+
+        executeWithStreamHandling(process, stdin, stdoutConsumer, 
stderrConsumer);
+    }
+
+    private void executeWithStreamHandling(
+            Process process, InputStream stdin, Consumer<String> 
stdoutConsumer, Consumer<String> stderrConsumer)
+            throws IOException, InterruptedException, 
ProcessExecutionException {
+
+        StreamGobbler outputGobbler =
+                new StreamGobbler(process.getInputStream(), stdoutConsumer != 
null ? stdoutConsumer : line -> {});
+        StreamGobbler errorGobbler =
+                new StreamGobbler(process.getErrorStream(), stderrConsumer != 
null ? stderrConsumer : line -> {});
+
+        outputGobbler.start();
+        errorGobbler.start();
+
+        if (stdin != null) {
+            writeStdin(process.getOutputStream(), stdin);
+        }
+
+        int exitCode = process.waitFor();
+        outputGobbler.join();
+        errorGobbler.join();
+
+        if (exitCode != 0) {
+            throw new ProcessExecutionException("Process exited with exit 
code: " + exitCode, exitCode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void writeStdin(OutputStream processStdin, InputStream stdin) 
throws IOException {
+        try (OutputStream os = processStdin) {
+            byte[] buffer = new byte[8192];
+            int bytesRead;
+            while ((bytesRead = stdin.read(buffer)) != -1) {
+                os.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
+            }
+            os.flush();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                log.debug("Error writing to process stdin: " + e.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Thread that reads from an InputStream and passes each line to a 
consumer.
+     */
+    private static class StreamGobbler extends Thread {
+        private final InputStream inputStream;
+        private final Consumer<String> outputConsumer;
+
+        StreamGobbler(InputStream inputStream, Consumer<String> 
outputConsumer) {
+            this.inputStream = inputStream;
+            this.outputConsumer = outputConsumer;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new 
InputStreamReader(inputStream))) {
+                String line;
+                while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+                    outputConsumer.accept(line);
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                // Stream closed is expected when process ends
+                // Suppress stack trace for normal termination
+                if (!e.getMessage().contains("Stream closed") && 
!e.getMessage().contains("Bad file descriptor")) {
+                    e.printStackTrace();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exception thrown when a process exits with a non-zero exit code.
+     */
+    static class ProcessExecutionException extends Exception {
+        private final int exitCode;
+
+        ProcessExecutionException(String message, int exitCode) {
+            super(message);
+            this.exitCode = exitCode;
+        }
+
+        int getExitCode() {
+            return exitCode;
+        }
+    }
+}

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