github-actions[bot] commented on code in PR #69581:
URL: https://github.com/apache/doris/pull/69581#discussion_r4395648419


##########
be/src/core/data_type_serde/arrow_parent_nulls.cpp:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include "core/data_type_serde/arrow_parent_nulls.h"
+
+#include <arrow/array/array_base.h>
+#include <arrow/array/data.h>
+#include <arrow/array/util.h>
+#include <arrow/buffer.h>
+#include <arrow/type.h>
+#include <arrow/util/bit_util.h>
+#include <arrow/util/bitmap_ops.h>
+
+#include "common/check.h"
+#include "common/logging.h"
+
+namespace doris {
+
+Status mask_arrow_children_hidden_by_null_parents(
+        const arrow::Array& parent, int64_t start, int64_t end,
+        const std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>& child,
+        const std::function<std::pair<int64_t, int64_t>(int64_t)>& child_slots,
+        std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>* masked) {
+    DORIS_CHECK(child != nullptr);
+    DORIS_CHECK(masked != nullptr);
+    *masked = child;
+    // An Arrow Null child has no validity buffer and is NULL in every slot 
already.
+    if (parent.null_count() == 0 || child->type_id() == arrow::Type::NA) {
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
+    const auto& data = *child->data();
+    // Validity bits are addressed from the start of the buffer, before the 
array offset.
+    const int64_t bit_length = data.offset + data.length;
+    std::shared_ptr<arrow::Buffer> validity;
+    for (int64_t row = start; row < end; ++row) {
+        if (!parent.IsNull(row)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (validity == nullptr) {
+            auto allocated = arrow::AllocateBitmap(bit_length);

Review Comment:
   [P2] Charge copied validity bitmaps to the query memory tracker
   
   `arrow::AllocateBitmap(bit_length)` uses Arrow's default pool, whereas 
Doris's tracked `ArrowMemoryPool` is a separate pool selected explicitly by the 
Lance converter. This helper therefore allocates its owned validity copy 
outside query/workload memory accounting and allocation-limit checks. Child 
cardinality is independent of the parent batch size: a NULL list retaining 100 
million byte children needs a 12.5 MB bitmap here, multiplied by nested columns 
and parallel readers. Route these copies through a Doris-tracked pool or buffer 
and cover accounting/allocation failure for this SerDe stage; the normalizer's 
memory-pool test does not reach it. This affects the shared ARRAY/MAP/STRUCT 
Arrow consumers as well as Lance.



##########
be/src/format_v2/lance/lance_reader_helper.cpp:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,849 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include "format_v2/lance/lance_reader_helper.h"
+
+#include <arrow/array.h>
+#include <arrow/builder.h>
+#include <arrow/c/bridge.h>
+#include <arrow/compute/cast.h>
+#include <arrow/extension_type.h>
+#include <arrow/type.h>
+#include <arrow/util/key_value_metadata.h>
+#include <fmt/format.h>
+#include <lance/lance.h>
+
+#include <bit>
+#include <limits>
+#include <optional>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+#include "common/config.h"
+#include "common/logging.h"
+#include "core/data_type/data_type_array.h"
+#include "core/data_type/data_type_factory.hpp"
+#include "core/data_type/data_type_map.h"
+#include "core/data_type/data_type_nothing.h"
+#include "core/data_type/data_type_nullable.h"
+#include "core/data_type/data_type_struct.h"
+#include "core/data_type_serde/arrow_validation.h"
+#include "exec/common/endian.h"
+
+namespace doris::format::lance {
+
+RuntimeProfile::Counter* add_lance_counter(RuntimeProfile* profile, const 
char* name,
+                                           TUnit::type unit, const char* 
group) {
+    // These counters label sections; they do not represent time or a sum of 
their children.
+    ADD_CHILD_COUNTER_WITH_LEVEL(profile, group, TUnit::NONE, 
LANCE_READER_PROFILE, 1);
+    return ADD_CHILD_COUNTER_WITH_LEVEL(profile, name, unit, group, 1);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr std::string_view ARROW_EXTENSION_NAME = "ARROW:extension:name";
+constexpr std::string_view ARROW_JSON_EXTENSION = "arrow.json";
+constexpr std::string_view LANCE_JSON_EXTENSION = "lance.json";
+constexpr std::string_view LANCE_BFLOAT16_EXTENSION = "lance.bfloat16";
+
+enum class LanceExtensionKind {
+    NONE,
+    JSON,
+    BFLOAT16,
+};
+
+int arrow_time_precision(arrow::TimeUnit::type unit) {
+    switch (unit) {
+    case arrow::TimeUnit::SECOND:
+        return 0;
+    case arrow::TimeUnit::MILLI:
+        return 3;
+    case arrow::TimeUnit::MICRO:
+    case arrow::TimeUnit::NANO:
+        return 6;
+    }
+    return 6;
+}
+
+// Extract and validate extension names from metadata and registered Arrow 
types.
+Status get_lance_extension(const std::shared_ptr<arrow::Field>& field,
+                           LanceExtensionKind* extension_kind,
+                           std::shared_ptr<arrow::DataType>* storage_type) {
+    DORIS_CHECK(field != nullptr);
+    DORIS_CHECK(extension_kind != nullptr);
+    DORIS_CHECK(storage_type != nullptr);
+    *extension_kind = LanceExtensionKind::NONE;
+    *storage_type = field->type();
+
+    std::optional<std::string> extension_name;
+    if (field->HasMetadata()) {
+        const auto metadata_name = 
field->metadata()->Get(ARROW_EXTENSION_NAME);
+        if (metadata_name.ok() && !metadata_name.ValueUnsafe().empty()) {
+            extension_name = metadata_name.ValueUnsafe();
+        }
+    }
+    if (field->type()->id() == arrow::Type::EXTENSION) {
+        const auto extension_type = 
std::dynamic_pointer_cast<arrow::ExtensionType>(field->type());
+        if (extension_type == nullptr) {
+            return Status::InvalidArgument("invalid Arrow extension type for 
Lance field '{}'",
+                                           field->name());
+        }
+        if (extension_name.has_value() && *extension_name != 
extension_type->extension_name()) {
+            return Status::InvalidArgument(
+                    "conflicting Arrow extension names for Lance field '{}': 
'{}' and '{}'",
+                    field->name(), *extension_name, 
extension_type->extension_name());
+        }
+        extension_name = extension_type->extension_name();
+        *storage_type = extension_type->storage_type();
+    }
+    if (!extension_name.has_value()) {
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
+
+    if (*extension_name == ARROW_JSON_EXTENSION) {
+        if ((*storage_type)->id() != arrow::Type::STRING &&
+            (*storage_type)->id() != arrow::Type::LARGE_STRING) {
+            return Status::NotSupported(
+                    "Arrow JSON extension for Lance field '{}' requires UTF8 
storage, got {}",
+                    field->name(), (*storage_type)->ToString());
+        }
+        *extension_kind = LanceExtensionKind::JSON;
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
+    if (*extension_name == LANCE_JSON_EXTENSION) {
+        if ((*storage_type)->id() != arrow::Type::LARGE_BINARY) {
+            return Status::NotSupported(
+                    "Lance JSON extension for field '{}' requires LARGE_BINARY 
storage, got {}",
+                    field->name(), (*storage_type)->ToString());
+        }
+        *extension_kind = LanceExtensionKind::JSON;
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
+    if (*extension_name == LANCE_BFLOAT16_EXTENSION) {
+        if ((*storage_type)->id() != arrow::Type::FIXED_SIZE_BINARY ||
+            
std::static_pointer_cast<arrow::FixedSizeBinaryType>(*storage_type)->byte_width()
 !=
+                    2) {
+            return Status::NotSupported(
+                    "Lance BFloat16 extension for field '{}' requires 
FIXED_SIZE_BINARY(2) "
+                    "storage, got {}",
+                    field->name(), (*storage_type)->ToString());
+        }
+        *extension_kind = LanceExtensionKind::BFLOAT16;
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
+    return Status::NotSupported("unsupported Lance Arrow extension type '{}' 
for field '{}'",
+                                *extension_name, field->name());
+}
+
+// Map Arrow fields recursively, preserving Null leaves in complex types.
+Status arrow_field_to_doris_type(const std::shared_ptr<arrow::Field>& field,
+                                 DataTypePtr* doris_type) {
+    const auto nullable_primitive = [&](PrimitiveType type, int precision = 0, 
int scale = 0,
+                                        int len = -1) {
+        *doris_type =
+                DataTypeFactory::instance().create_data_type(type, true, 
precision, scale, len);
+        return Status::OK();
+    };
+
+    LanceExtensionKind extension_kind;
+    std::shared_ptr<arrow::DataType> arrow_type;
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(get_lance_extension(field, &extension_kind, &arrow_type));
+    switch (extension_kind) {
+    case LanceExtensionKind::JSON:
+        return nullable_primitive(TYPE_JSONB);
+    case LanceExtensionKind::BFLOAT16:
+        return nullable_primitive(TYPE_FLOAT);
+    case LanceExtensionKind::NONE:
+        break;
+    }
+    if (arrow_type->id() == arrow::Type::DICTIONARY) {
+        return Status::NotSupported("unsupported Lance Arrow dictionary type 
for field '{}': {}",
+                                    field->name(), arrow_type->ToString());
+    }
+
+    switch (arrow_type->id()) {
+    case arrow::Type::NA:
+        // Required Null leaves can bypass NullableSerDe through FE schema 
reconstruction.
+        // Reject them before Arrow NA buffers reach the Boolean-backed 
physical SerDe.
+        if (!field->nullable()) {
+            return Status::NotSupported("non-nullable Lance Arrow Null field: 
{}", field->name());
+        }
+        return nullable_primitive(TYPE_NULL);
+    case arrow::Type::BOOL:
+        return nullable_primitive(TYPE_BOOLEAN);
+    case arrow::Type::INT8:
+        return nullable_primitive(TYPE_TINYINT);
+    case arrow::Type::UINT8:
+    case arrow::Type::INT16:
+        return nullable_primitive(TYPE_SMALLINT);
+    case arrow::Type::UINT16:
+    case arrow::Type::INT32:
+        return nullable_primitive(TYPE_INT);
+    case arrow::Type::UINT32:
+    case arrow::Type::INT64:
+        return nullable_primitive(TYPE_BIGINT);
+    case arrow::Type::UINT64:
+        return nullable_primitive(TYPE_LARGEINT);
+    case arrow::Type::HALF_FLOAT:
+    case arrow::Type::FLOAT:
+        return nullable_primitive(TYPE_FLOAT);
+    case arrow::Type::DOUBLE:
+        return nullable_primitive(TYPE_DOUBLE);
+    case arrow::Type::STRING:
+    case arrow::Type::LARGE_STRING:
+        return nullable_primitive(TYPE_STRING);
+    case arrow::Type::BINARY:
+    case arrow::Type::LARGE_BINARY:
+        return nullable_primitive(TYPE_VARBINARY, 0, 0, 
std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max());
+    case arrow::Type::FIXED_SIZE_BINARY: {
+        const auto binary = 
std::static_pointer_cast<arrow::FixedSizeBinaryType>(arrow_type);
+        return nullable_primitive(TYPE_VARBINARY, 0, 0, binary->byte_width());
+    }
+    case arrow::Type::DATE32:
+    case arrow::Type::DATE64:
+        return nullable_primitive(TYPE_DATEV2);
+    case arrow::Type::TIME32:
+    case arrow::Type::TIME64: {
+        const auto time = 
std::static_pointer_cast<arrow::TimeType>(arrow_type);
+        return nullable_primitive(TYPE_TIMEV2, 0, 
arrow_time_precision(time->unit()));
+    }
+    case arrow::Type::TIMESTAMP: {
+        const auto timestamp = 
std::static_pointer_cast<arrow::TimestampType>(arrow_type);
+        const auto timestamp_type =
+                timestamp->timezone().empty() ? TYPE_DATETIMEV2 : 
TYPE_TIMESTAMPTZ;
+        return nullable_primitive(timestamp_type, 0, 
arrow_time_precision(timestamp->unit()));
+    }
+    case arrow::Type::DURATION:
+        return nullable_primitive(TYPE_BIGINT);
+    case arrow::Type::DECIMAL128:
+    case arrow::Type::DECIMAL256: {
+        const auto decimal = 
std::static_pointer_cast<arrow::DecimalType>(arrow_type);
+        const int precision = decimal->precision();
+        const int scale = decimal->scale();
+        if (precision <= 0 || precision > arrow::Decimal256Type::kMaxPrecision 
|| scale < 0 ||
+            scale > precision) {
+            return Status::NotSupported(
+                    "unsupported Lance Arrow decimal type for field '{}': 
precision={}, scale={}",
+                    field->name(), precision, scale);
+        }
+        const PrimitiveType doris_decimal_type = precision <= 9    ? 
TYPE_DECIMAL32
+                                                 : precision <= 18 ? 
TYPE_DECIMAL64
+                                                 : precision <= 38 ? 
TYPE_DECIMAL128I
+                                                                   : 
TYPE_DECIMAL256;
+        return nullable_primitive(doris_decimal_type, precision, scale);
+    }
+    case arrow::Type::LIST:
+    case arrow::Type::LARGE_LIST:
+    case arrow::Type::FIXED_SIZE_LIST: {
+        const auto list = 
std::static_pointer_cast<arrow::BaseListType>(arrow_type);
+        DataTypePtr value_type;
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(arrow_field_to_doris_type(list->value_field(), 
&value_type));
+        *doris_type = 
make_nullable(std::make_shared<DataTypeArray>(value_type));
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
+    case arrow::Type::MAP: {
+        const auto map = std::static_pointer_cast<arrow::MapType>(arrow_type);
+        DataTypePtr key_type;
+        DataTypePtr item_type;
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(arrow_field_to_doris_type(map->key_field(), 
&key_type));
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(arrow_field_to_doris_type(map->item_field(), 
&item_type));
+        *doris_type = make_nullable(std::make_shared<DataTypeMap>(key_type, 
item_type));
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
+    case arrow::Type::STRUCT: {
+        const auto struct_type = 
std::static_pointer_cast<arrow::StructType>(arrow_type);
+        // Lance decodes STRUCT<>, but a Doris ColumnStruct takes its row 
count from its first
+        // child, so a zero-field struct cannot be materialized at any nesting 
level.
+        if (struct_type->num_fields() == 0) {
+            return Status::NotSupported("unsupported Lance Arrow zero-field 
struct: {}",
+                                        field->name());
+        }
+        DataTypes field_types;
+        Strings field_names;
+        field_types.reserve(struct_type->num_fields());
+        field_names.reserve(struct_type->num_fields());
+        for (const auto& child : struct_type->fields()) {
+            DataTypePtr field_type;
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(arrow_field_to_doris_type(child, &field_type));
+            field_types.emplace_back(std::move(field_type));
+            field_names.emplace_back(child->name());
+        }
+        *doris_type = 
make_nullable(std::make_shared<DataTypeStruct>(field_types, field_names));
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
+    default:
+        return Status::NotSupported("unsupported Lance Arrow type: {}", 
arrow_type->ToString());
+    }
+}
+
+// Widen little-endian Lance BFloat16 values to Arrow Float32 without 
precision loss.
+Status convert_bfloat16_array(const std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>& array,
+                              arrow::MemoryPool* memory_pool,
+                              std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>* normalized) {
+    DORIS_CHECK(array != nullptr);
+    DORIS_CHECK(memory_pool != nullptr);
+    DORIS_CHECK(normalized != nullptr);
+    const auto fixed_binary = 
std::dynamic_pointer_cast<arrow::FixedSizeBinaryArray>(array);
+    if (fixed_binary == nullptr || fixed_binary->byte_width() != 2) {
+        return Status::InvalidArgument("invalid Lance BFloat16 array storage: 
{}",
+                                       array->type()->ToString());
+    }
+    if (config::enable_arrow_input_validation) {
+        check_arrow_fixed_width_buffer(*fixed_binary, sizeof(uint16_t));
+    }
+
+    arrow::FloatBuilder builder(memory_pool);
+    auto arrow_status = builder.Reserve(fixed_binary->length());
+    if (!arrow_status.ok()) {
+        return Status::InternalError("reserve Lance BFloat16 output failed: 
{}",
+                                     arrow_status.message());
+    }
+    for (int64_t row = 0; row < fixed_binary->length(); ++row) {
+        if (fixed_binary->IsNull(row)) {
+            arrow_status = builder.AppendNull();
+        } else {
+            const auto bits = 
LittleEndian::Load16(fixed_binary->GetValue(row));
+            arrow_status = 
builder.Append(std::bit_cast<float>(static_cast<uint32_t>(bits) << 16));
+        }
+        if (!arrow_status.ok()) {
+            return Status::InternalError("append Lance BFloat16 value failed: 
{}",
+                                         arrow_status.message());
+        }
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<arrow::FloatArray> result;
+    arrow_status = builder.Finish(&result);
+    if (!arrow_status.ok()) {
+        return Status::InternalError("finish Lance BFloat16 conversion failed: 
{}",
+                                     arrow_status.message());
+    }
+    *normalized = std::move(result);
+    return Status::OK();
+}
+
+// Narrow a Decimal256 array whose declared precision fits Decimal128. The 
safe cast keeps every
+// in-precision value and its scale, and rejects a value that exceeds the 
declared precision
+// instead of truncating it: unscaled 10^18 stored in a decimal256(18, 2) 
field fails with
+// "Decimal value does not fit in precision 18".
+Status narrow_decimal256_array(std::string_view field_name,
+                               const std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>& array,
+                               const std::shared_ptr<arrow::DataType>& 
decimal128_type,
+                               arrow::MemoryPool* memory_pool,
+                               std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>* normalized) {
+    DORIS_CHECK(array != nullptr);
+    DORIS_CHECK(memory_pool != nullptr);
+    DORIS_CHECK(normalized != nullptr);
+    arrow::compute::ExecContext exec_context(memory_pool);
+    auto narrowed = arrow::compute::Cast(*array, decimal128_type,
+                                         arrow::compute::CastOptions::Safe(), 
&exec_context);
+    if (!narrowed.ok()) {
+        return Status::InvalidArgument("narrow Lance Decimal256 field '{}' to 
{} failed: {}",
+                                       field_name, decimal128_type->ToString(),
+                                       narrowed.status().message());
+    }
+    *normalized = std::move(narrowed).ValueUnsafe();
+    return Status::OK();
+}
+
+// Rebuild a nested Arrow type after one or more child arrays changed physical 
type.
+Status set_lance_nested_type(std::string_view field_name,
+                             const std::shared_ptr<arrow::DataType>& 
source_type,
+                             const arrow::FieldVector& child_fields,
+                             std::shared_ptr<arrow::ArrayData>* data) {
+    switch (source_type->id()) {
+    case arrow::Type::LIST:
+        (*data)->type = arrow::list(child_fields[0]);
+        break;
+    case arrow::Type::LARGE_LIST:
+        (*data)->type = arrow::large_list(child_fields[0]);
+        break;
+    case arrow::Type::FIXED_SIZE_LIST:
+        (*data)->type = arrow::fixed_size_list(
+                child_fields[0],
+                
std::static_pointer_cast<arrow::FixedSizeListType>(source_type)->list_size());
+        break;
+    case arrow::Type::STRUCT:
+        (*data)->type = arrow::struct_(child_fields);
+        break;
+    case arrow::Type::MAP: {
+        const auto map_type = 
std::static_pointer_cast<arrow::MapType>(source_type);
+        auto normalized_type = arrow::MapType::Make(child_fields[0], 
map_type->keys_sorted());
+        if (!normalized_type.ok()) {
+            return Status::InvalidArgument("normalize Lance map field '{}' 
failed: {}", field_name,
+                                           normalized_type.status().message());
+        }
+        (*data)->type = std::move(normalized_type).ValueUnsafe();
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+        return Status::InvalidArgument("Lance field '{}' has unexpected 
child-bearing type {}",
+                                       field_name, source_type->ToString());
+    }
+    return Status::OK();
+}
+
+// Materialize the visible range into an offset-zero Arrow array for Doris 
SerDes.
+Status compact_lance_array(const std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>& array,
+                           arrow::MemoryPool* memory_pool,
+                           std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>* compacted) {
+    DORIS_CHECK(memory_pool != nullptr);
+    const auto validation = array->ValidateFull();
+    if (!validation.ok()) {
+        return Status::InvalidArgument("validate sliced Lance array failed: 
{}",
+                                       validation.message());
+    }
+    auto builder_result = arrow::MakeBuilder(array->type(), memory_pool);
+    if (!builder_result.ok()) {
+        return Status::InternalError("create sliced Lance array builder 
failed: {}",
+                                     builder_result.status().message());
+    }
+    auto builder = std::move(builder_result).ValueUnsafe();
+    auto arrow_status = builder->Reserve(array->length());
+    if (!arrow_status.ok()) {
+        return Status::InternalError("reserve sliced Lance array builder 
failed: {}",
+                                     arrow_status.message());
+    }
+    arrow_status = builder->AppendArraySlice(*array->data(), 0, 
array->length());
+    if (!arrow_status.ok()) {
+        return Status::InternalError("copy sliced Lance array failed: {}", 
arrow_status.message());
+    }
+    arrow_status = builder->Finish(compacted);
+    if (!arrow_status.ok()) {
+        return Status::InternalError("finish sliced Lance array copy failed: 
{}",
+                                     arrow_status.message());
+    }
+    if ((*compacted)->offset() != 0) {
+        return Status::InternalError("compacted Lance array retained offset 
{}",
+                                     (*compacted)->offset());
+    }
+    return Status::OK();
+}
+
+template <typename OffsetType>
+bool lance_list_offsets_are_tight(const arrow::ArrayData& data) {
+    const auto* offsets = data.GetValues<OffsetType>(1);
+    return offsets[0] == 0 && offsets[data.length] == 
data.child_data[0]->length;
+}
+
+// Whether Doris SerDes can read this array in place: with 
enable_arrow_input_validation (the
+// default) they reject a non-zero offset at any depth ("non-zero array offset 
is not supported"),
+// and the nested SerDes expect each child to hold exactly the elements its 
parent references. The
+// array's own offset and offsets are not enough. Lance's legacy (v1) plain 
decoder returns the
+// Boolean range [start, end) as a bitmap with bit offset start % 8, and its 
struct and list readers
+// wrap that child unchanged: with batch_size 3, rows 3..5 of STRUCT<b: 
BOOLEAN> arrive as a
+// zero-offset struct whose child has offset 3, and a LIST<BOOLEAN> batch 
whose first value is
+// value k of the writer batch has values at offset k % 8.
+bool lance_array_layout_is_compact(const arrow::ArrayData& data) {
+    if (data.offset != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    switch (data.type->id()) {
+    case arrow::Type::LIST:
+    case arrow::Type::MAP:
+        return lance_list_offsets_are_tight<int32_t>(data) &&
+               lance_array_layout_is_compact(*data.child_data[0]);
+    case arrow::Type::LARGE_LIST:
+        return lance_list_offsets_are_tight<int64_t>(data) &&
+               lance_array_layout_is_compact(*data.child_data[0]);
+    case arrow::Type::FIXED_SIZE_LIST: {
+        const auto list_size = static_cast<const 
arrow::FixedSizeListType&>(*data.type).list_size();
+        return data.child_data[0]->length == data.length * list_size &&
+               lance_array_layout_is_compact(*data.child_data[0]);
+    }
+    case arrow::Type::STRUCT:
+        for (const auto& child : data.child_data) {
+            if (child->length != data.length || 
!lance_array_layout_is_compact(*child)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    default:
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+// Compact a sliced variable-offset parent and all of its visible descendants.
+template <typename ArrayType>
+Status compact_lance_offset_array(const std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>& array,
+                                  arrow::MemoryPool* memory_pool,
+                                  std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>* compacted) {
+    const auto offset_array = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ArrayType>(array);
+    if (offset_array == nullptr) {
+        return Status::InvalidArgument("invalid sliced Lance offset array: {}",
+                                       array->type()->ToString());
+    }
+    const auto child_begin = 
static_cast<int64_t>(offset_array->value_offset(0));
+    const auto child_end = 
static_cast<int64_t>(offset_array->value_offset(offset_array->length()));
+    const auto& values = offset_array->values();
+    if (child_begin < 0 || child_end < child_begin || child_end > 
values->length()) {
+        return Status::InvalidArgument("invalid sliced Lance offsets [{}, {}) 
for child length {}",
+                                       child_begin, child_end, 
values->length());
+    }
+    if (lance_array_layout_is_compact(*array->data())) {
+        *compacted = array;
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
+    return compact_lance_array(array, memory_pool, compacted);
+}
+
+// Compact sliced arrays and nested children only when Doris cannot consume 
their current layout.
+// A nested array is passed through only when its whole subtree is compact, 
because a tight struct
+// or list can still hold an offset child (see 
lance_array_layout_is_compact()).
+Status compact_lance_array_if_needed(const std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>& 
array,
+                                     arrow::MemoryPool* memory_pool,
+                                     std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>* compacted) 
{
+    switch (array->type_id()) {
+    case arrow::Type::LIST:
+        return compact_lance_offset_array<arrow::ListArray>(array, 
memory_pool, compacted);
+    case arrow::Type::LARGE_LIST:
+        return compact_lance_offset_array<arrow::LargeListArray>(array, 
memory_pool, compacted);
+    case arrow::Type::MAP:
+        return compact_lance_offset_array<arrow::MapArray>(array, memory_pool, 
compacted);
+    case arrow::Type::FIXED_SIZE_LIST: {
+        const auto list = 
std::dynamic_pointer_cast<arrow::FixedSizeListArray>(array);
+        if (list == nullptr) {
+            return Status::InvalidArgument("invalid sliced Lance fixed-size 
list array: {}",
+                                           array->type()->ToString());
+        }
+        const auto child_begin = list->value_offset(0);
+        const auto child_length = list->length() * list->value_length();
+        const auto& values = list->values();
+        if (child_begin < 0 || child_length < 0 || child_begin > 
values->length() - child_length) {
+            return Status::InvalidArgument(
+                    "invalid sliced Lance fixed-size list range [{}, {}) for 
child length {}",
+                    child_begin, child_begin + child_length, values->length());
+        }
+        if (lance_array_layout_is_compact(*array->data())) {
+            *compacted = array;
+            return Status::OK();
+        }
+        return compact_lance_array(array, memory_pool, compacted);
+    }
+    case arrow::Type::STRUCT: {
+        const auto struct_array = 
std::dynamic_pointer_cast<arrow::StructArray>(array);
+        if (struct_array == nullptr) {
+            return Status::InvalidArgument("invalid sliced Lance struct array: 
{}",
+                                           array->type()->ToString());
+        }
+        if (lance_array_layout_is_compact(*array->data())) {
+            *compacted = array;
+            return Status::OK();
+        }
+        return compact_lance_array(array, memory_pool, compacted);
+    }
+    default:
+        if (array->offset() == 0) {
+            *compacted = array;
+            return Status::OK();
+        }
+        return compact_lance_array(array, memory_pool, compacted);
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+Status LanceArrowArrayNormalizer::create(const std::shared_ptr<arrow::Field>& 
field,
+                                         LanceArrowArrayNormalizer* 
normalizer) {
+    DORIS_CHECK(field != nullptr);
+    DORIS_CHECK(normalizer != nullptr);
+
+    LanceExtensionKind extension_kind;
+    std::shared_ptr<arrow::DataType> storage_type;
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(get_lance_extension(field, &extension_kind, 
&storage_type));
+
+    LanceArrowArrayNormalizer result;
+    result._field_name = field->name();
+    result._storage_type = std::move(storage_type);
+    result._unwrap_registered_extension = field->type()->id() == 
arrow::Type::EXTENSION;
+    result._convert_bfloat16 = extension_kind == LanceExtensionKind::BFLOAT16;
+    // Lance keeps the 256-bit carrier of pa.decimal256(18, 2), while the FE 
and
+    // arrow_field_to_doris_type() type the column DECIMAL64 by precision. The 
DECIMAL32/64/128I
+    // SerDes read only Decimal128Array, so a Decimal256Array reaching them 
made their dynamic_cast
+    // return null and the BE crash on the first value, also for nested 
leaves. Precision 39..76
+    // stays Decimal256 and maps to DECIMAL256.
+    if (result._storage_type->id() == arrow::Type::DECIMAL256) {
+        const auto& decimal = static_cast<const 
arrow::Decimal256Type&>(*result._storage_type);
+        if (decimal.precision() <= arrow::Decimal128Type::kMaxPrecision) {
+            result._decimal128_type = arrow::decimal128(decimal.precision(), 
decimal.scale());
+        }
+    }
+    result._requires_special_handling = result._unwrap_registered_extension ||
+                                        result._convert_bfloat16 ||
+                                        result._decimal128_type != nullptr;
+    result._child_normalizers.reserve(result._storage_type->num_fields());
+    for (const auto& child_field : result._storage_type->fields()) {
+        LanceArrowArrayNormalizer child_normalizer;
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(create(child_field, &child_normalizer));
+        result._requires_special_handling |= 
child_normalizer._requires_special_handling;
+        result._child_normalizers.emplace_back(std::move(child_normalizer));
+    }
+    *normalizer = std::move(result);
+    return Status::OK();
+}
+
+Status LanceArrowArrayNormalizer::normalize_for_doris(
+        const std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>& array, arrow::MemoryPool* 
memory_pool,
+        std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>* normalized) const {
+    DORIS_CHECK(array != nullptr);
+    DORIS_CHECK(memory_pool != nullptr);
+    DORIS_CHECK(normalized != nullptr);
+
+    // The schema binding already resolved extension metadata and nested 
special types. For common
+    // arrays, runtime work is limited to checking whether the visible slice 
needs compaction.
+    if (!_requires_special_handling) {
+        return compact_lance_array_if_needed(array, memory_pool, normalized);
+    }
+
+    auto storage_array = array;
+    if (_unwrap_registered_extension && array->type_id() == 
arrow::Type::EXTENSION) {
+        const auto extension_array = 
std::dynamic_pointer_cast<arrow::ExtensionArray>(array);
+        if (extension_array == nullptr) {
+            return Status::InvalidArgument("invalid Arrow extension array: {}",
+                                           array->type()->ToString());
+        }
+        storage_array = extension_array->storage();
+    }
+    // Extension and BFloat16 arrays are first converted to their physical 
storage representation.
+    if (storage_array->type_id() != _storage_type->id()) {
+        return Status::InvalidArgument(
+                "Lance field '{}' storage type {} does not match array type 
{}", _field_name,
+                _storage_type->ToString(), storage_array->type()->ToString());
+    }
+    if (_convert_bfloat16) {
+        return convert_bfloat16_array(storage_array, memory_pool, normalized);
+    }
+    if (_decimal128_type != nullptr) {
+        // The cast reads only the visible slice and returns an offset-zero 
array, so no
+        // compaction follows. For a nested leaf, the parent's call swaps in 
this array in the
+        // child loop below and rebuilds its own type through 
set_lance_nested_type().
+        return narrow_decimal256_array(_field_name, storage_array, 
_decimal128_type, memory_pool,
+                                       normalized);
+    }
+
+    // Normalize extension children before compacting the parent. Arrow cannot 
create a builder
+    // for list/struct types whose child is still an ExtensionType (Arrow 24 
returns
+    // NotImplemented), while the rebuilt physical type can be compacted 
normally.
+    const auto& child_data = storage_array->data()->child_data;
+    if (_child_normalizers.size() != child_data.size()) {
+        return Status::InvalidArgument(
+                "Lance field '{}' has {} child fields but its Arrow array has 
{} children",
+                _field_name, _child_normalizers.size(), child_data.size());
+    }
+
+    arrow::FieldVector normalized_fields;
+    std::shared_ptr<arrow::ArrayData> normalized_data;
+    for (size_t child_idx = 0; child_idx < _child_normalizers.size(); 
++child_idx) {
+        const auto& child_normalizer = _child_normalizers[child_idx];
+        if (!child_normalizer._requires_special_handling) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        auto child_array = arrow::MakeArray(child_data[child_idx]);
+        std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array> normalized_child;
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(
+                child_normalizer.normalize_for_doris(child_array, memory_pool, 
&normalized_child));

Review Comment:
   [P2] Mask NULL ancestors before narrowing Decimal256 children
   
   A Lance v2.1 miniblock `FIXED_SIZE_LIST<decimal256(18,2),1>` can retain 
non-null child payloads `[1, 10^18, 2]` under parent validity 
`[true,false,true]`; its visible rows are `[0.01], NULL, [0.02]`. The pinned 
native encoder preserves those child bytes and restores only outer validity. 
This recursion passes the raw Decimal256 child to the safe Decimal128 cast 
before ArraySerDe applies the new parent mask, so the hidden middle payload 
fails with "Decimal value does not fit in precision 18" and aborts a scan whose 
visible values are valid. Propagate ancestor visibility before validating 
special-child conversions, and add a native mixed-null miniblock regression. 
This is distinct from the repaired DATE32 thread: the failure occurs in the 
Lance normalizer before that SerDe fix runs.



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