OIiveirra commented on code in PR #69032:
URL: https://github.com/apache/doris/pull/69032#discussion_r4388314174


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be/src/exprs/function/geo/functions_geo.cpp:
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@@ -18,32 +18,1338 @@
 #include "exprs/function/geo/functions_geo.h"
 
 #include <glog/logging.h>
+#include <s2/mutable_s2shape_index.h>
+#include <s2/s2boolean_operation.h>
+#include <s2/s2builderutil_s2polyline_vector_layer.h>
+#include <s2/s2closest_edge_query.h>
+#include <s2/s2closest_point_query.h>
+#include <s2/s2contains_point_query.h>
+#include <s2/s2earth.h>
+#include <s2/s2lax_polygon_shape.h>
+#include <s2/s2loop.h>
+#include <s2/s2loop_measures.h>
 #include <s2/s2point.h>
+#include <s2/s2point_index.h>
+#include <s2/s2point_vector_shape.h>
+#include <s2/s2pointutil.h>
+#include <s2/s2polygon.h>
+#include <s2/s2polyline.h>
+#include <s2/s2predicates.h>
+#include <s2/s2shape_measures.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <bit>
 #include <boost/iterator/iterator_facade.hpp>
+// cpp_int needs no quadmath wrappers. Boost's float128 numeric_limits 
specialization
+// conflicts with libstdc++ 15's native specialization in the GCC performance 
build.
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && __GNUC__ >= 15
+#define BOOST_CSTDFLOAT_NO_LIBQUADMATH_SUPPORT
+#endif
+#include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_int.hpp>
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && __GNUC__ >= 15
+#undef BOOST_CSTDFLOAT_NO_LIBQUADMATH_SUPPORT
+#endif
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
+#include <map>
+#include <numbers>
+#include <optional>
+#include <set>
 #include <utility>
 
+#include "common/cast_set.h"
 #include "common/compiler_util.h"
 #include "core/assert_cast.h"
 #include "core/block/block.h"
 #include "core/block/column_with_type_and_name.h"
 #include "core/column/column.h"
 #include "core/column/column_array.h"
 #include "core/column/column_execute_util.h"
+#include "core/column/column_map.h"
 #include "core/column/column_nullable.h"
+#include "core/column/column_struct.h"
+#include "core/column/column_varbinary.h"
+#include "core/custom_allocator.h"
 #include "core/data_type/data_type_array.h"
+#include "core/data_type/data_type_map.h"
 #include "core/data_type/data_type_nullable.h"
 #include "core/data_type/data_type_number.h"
+#include "core/data_type/data_type_spatial.h"
 #include "core/data_type/data_type_string.h"
+#include "core/data_type/data_type_struct.h"
+#include "core/data_type/data_type_varbinary.h"
 #include "core/data_type/define_primitive_type.h"
 #include "core/string_ref.h"
 #include "exprs/function/geo/geo_common.h"
 #include "exprs/function/geo/geo_types.h"
+#include "exprs/function/geo/wkb_parse.h"
 #include "exprs/function/simple_function_factory.h"
+#include "exprs/function/string_hex_util.h"
 
 namespace doris {
 
+static bool is_spatial_type(const DataTypePtr& type) {
+    const auto primitive_type = remove_nullable(type)->get_primitive_type();
+    return primitive_type == TYPE_GEOMETRY || primitive_type == TYPE_GEOGRAPHY;
+}
+
+static Status validate_geography_semantics(const DataTypePtr& type, const 
char* function_name) {
+    const auto& nested_type = remove_nullable(type);
+    if (!is_spatial_type(nested_type)) {
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
+
+    const auto* spatial_type = dynamic_cast<const 
DataTypeSpatial*>(nested_type.get());
+    DCHECK(spatial_type != nullptr);
+    if (spatial_type->get_primitive_type() == TYPE_GEOGRAPHY &&
+        spatial_type->crs() == "OGC:CRS84" && spatial_type->algorithm() == 
"spherical") {
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
+    return Status::NotSupported(
+            "Function {} requires GEOGRAPHY(OGC:CRS84, spherical) for spatial 
inputs",
+            function_name);
+}
+
+static std::unique_ptr<GeoShape> decode_geo_shape(StringRef value, const 
DataTypePtr& type) {
+    if (!is_spatial_type(type)) {
+        return GeoShape::from_encoded(value.data, value.size);
+    }
+
+    GeoParseStatus status;
+    auto shape = GeoShape::from_wkb_bytes(value.data, value.size, status);
+    return status == GeoParseStatus::GEO_PARSE_OK ? std::move(shape) : nullptr;
+}
+
+static bool any_geo_argument_is_null(const Block& block, const ColumnNumbers& 
arguments,
+                                     size_t row) {
+    return std::ranges::any_of(arguments, [&](auto argument) {
+        return block.get_by_position(argument).column->is_null_at(row);
+    });
+}
+
+static std::unique_ptr<GeoShape> decode_geography_calculation_shape(StringRef 
value);
+
+static Status decode_calculation_shape(StringRef value, const DataTypePtr& 
type,
+                                       std::unique_ptr<GeoShape>* shape,
+                                       const char* function_name) {
+    *shape = is_spatial_type(type) ? decode_geography_calculation_shape(value)
+                                   : decode_geo_shape(value, type);
+    // Typed admission rejects unsupported and EMPTY calculation shapes before 
distance
+    // helpers can expose infinity/max sentinels. Raw WKB storage/accessors 
remain unchanged.
+    if (is_spatial_type(type) && *shape == nullptr) {
+        return Status::NotSupported("Function {} does not support this 
Geography WKB shape",
+                                    function_name);
+    }
+    return Status::OK();
+}
+
+// Calculations use canonical positions; raw spatial accessors still return 
the original WKB.
+static S2Point canonical_geography_point(const S2Point& point) {
+    const auto coordinate = S2LatLng(point);
+    const double latitude = coordinate.lat().radians();
+    // All longitudes at a pole and +/-180 at the date line denote the same 
position.
+    if (std::abs(latitude) == M_PI_2) {
+        return {0, 0, latitude > 0 ? 1.0 : -1.0};
+    }
+    if (coordinate.lng().radians() == M_PI) {
+        // Flip only sin(longitude): rebuilding latitude can change its last 
bit.
+        return {point.x(), -point.y(), point.z()};
+    }
+    return point;
+}
+
+// Error-free TwoSum preserves tiny differences from a half-turn (e.g. -1e-15 
+ 180).
+static std::pair<double, double> geography_degree_sum(double a, double b) {
+    const double high = a + b;
+    const double offset = high - a;
+    return {high, (a - (high - offset)) + (b - offset)};
+}
+
+// Reduce the exact degree sum before converting to radians. In particular,
+// 180 + (-1e-300) must retain its small sine instead of becoming sin(pi).
+static std::pair<long double, long double> geography_degree_sincos(double a, 
double b = 0,
+                                                                   bool half = 
false) {
+    const auto [high, low] = geography_degree_sum(a, b);
+    int quadrant;
+    const long double reduced =
+            std::remquo(static_cast<long double>(high), half ? 180.0L : 90.0L, 
&quadrant) +
+            static_cast<long double>(low);
+    const auto radians = reduced * (std::numbers::pi_v<long double> / 180) / 
(half ? 2 : 1);
+    const auto sine = std::sin(radians);
+    const auto cosine = std::cos(radians);
+    switch ((quadrant % 4 + 4) % 4) {
+    case 0:
+        return {sine, cosine};
+    case 1:
+        return {cosine, -sine};
+    case 2:
+        return {-sine, -cosine};
+    default:
+        return {-cosine, sine};
+    }
+}
+
+// Unlike cross(ToPoint(a), ToPoint(b)), these product identities do not 
subtract
+// rounded nearly opposite vectors. Longitude-midpoint coordinates give
+// (-sin(dLon/2)*sin(latA+latB), cos(dLon/2)*sin(latA-latB),
+//  cos(latA)*cos(latB)*sin(dLon)) for the oriented normal.
+struct GeographyRawArc {
+    S2Point normal;
+    S2Point midpoint;
+
+    GeographyRawArc(const GeoCoordinate& a, const GeoCoordinate& b) {
+        // Wide exponents retain products of the smallest binary64 degree 
residuals.
+        static_assert(std::numeric_limits<long double>::digits >= 64 &&
+                      std::numeric_limits<long double>::min_exponent <= -4096);
+        const auto [sd, cd] = geography_degree_sincos(b.x, -a.x, true);
+        const auto [sm, cm] = geography_degree_sincos(a.x, b.x, true);
+        const auto rotate_unit = [&](long double x, long double y, long double 
z) {
+            const auto norm = std::sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z);
+            DCHECK_GT(norm, 0);
+            return S2Point(static_cast<double>((cm * x - sm * y) / norm),
+                           static_cast<double>((sm * x + cm * y) / norm),
+                           static_cast<double>(z / norm));
+        };
+        normal = rotate_unit(-sd * geography_degree_sincos(a.y, b.y).first,
+                             cd * geography_degree_sincos(a.y, -b.y).first,
+                             geography_degree_sincos(a.y).second *
+                                     geography_degree_sincos(b.y).second *
+                                     geography_degree_sincos(b.x, -a.x).first);
+        const auto [sl, cl] = geography_degree_sincos(a.y, b.y, true);
+        const auto [st, ct] = geography_degree_sincos(b.y, -a.y, true);
+        midpoint = rotate_unit(cd * cl * ct, -sd * sl * st, sl * ct);
+    }
+};
+
+// Raw identity must survive ToPoint rounding: 58 and 58.00000000000001 degrees
+// produce the same S2Point, but only one is an endpoint of the original edge.
+struct GeographyVertex {
+    GeoCoordinate coordinate;
+    S2Point point;
+
+    GeographyVertex() : GeographyVertex({.x = 0, .y = 0}) {}
+    explicit GeographyVertex(GeoCoordinate value) : coordinate(value) {
+        if (std::abs(coordinate.y) == 90) {
+            coordinate.x = 0;
+            point = {0, 0, coordinate.y > 0 ? 1.0 : -1.0};
+        } else {
+            if (coordinate.x == 180) {
+                coordinate.x = -180;
+            }
+            point = S2LatLng::FromDegrees(coordinate.y, 
coordinate.x).ToPoint();
+        }
+    }
+    bool operator==(const GeographyVertex& other) const {
+        return coordinate.x == other.coordinate.x && coordinate.y == 
other.coordinate.y;
+    }
+    bool operator<(const GeographyVertex& other) const {
+        return std::pair {coordinate.x, coordinate.y} <
+               std::pair {other.coordinate.x, other.coordinate.y};
+    }
+};
+
+static bool geography_antipodal(const GeographyVertex& a, const 
GeographyVertex& b) {
+    return a.coordinate.y == -b.coordinate.y &&
+           (std::abs(a.coordinate.y) == 90 ||
+            geography_degree_sum(std::max(a.coordinate.x, b.coordinate.x),
+                                 -std::min(a.coordinate.x, b.coordinate.x)) ==
+                    std::pair {180.0, 0.0});
+}
+
+struct GeographyCoordinates {
+    GeoShapeType type = GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_ANY;
+    DorisVector<DorisVector<GeographyVertex>> sequences;
+    GeoParseStatus status;
+
+    explicit GeographyCoordinates(StringRef wkb) {
+        GeoCoordinateListList raw;
+        status = WkbParse::calculation_coordinates(wkb.data, wkb.size, &raw, 
&type);
+        if (status != GeoParseStatus::GEO_PARSE_OK) {
+            return;
+        }
+        for (const auto& sequence : raw.list) {
+            auto& vertices = sequences.emplace_back();
+            for (const auto& coordinate : sequence->list) {
+                vertices.emplace_back(coordinate);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+static bool geography_stable_points(const DorisVector<GeographyVertex>& 
sequence,
+                                    std::vector<S2Point>* points) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < sequence.size(); ++i) {
+        const auto& a = sequence[i];
+        const auto& b = sequence[i + 1];
+        // (0,0)->(180,0) has no unique arc and would normalize a zero raw 
normal.
+        if (geography_antipodal(a, b)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        points->push_back(a.point);
+        // Stabilize before S2 admission: rounded (30,58)->(-150,-58-e) can be
+        // exactly antipodal despite its unique raw arc passing through the 
south pole.
+        if (a.point.DotProd(b.point) < 0) {
+            points->push_back(GeographyRawArc(a.coordinate, 
b.coordinate).midpoint);
+        }
+    }
+    // A line's final vertex is real, including its closing edge; only rings 
remove it.
+    points->push_back(sequence.back().point);
+    points->erase(std::ranges::unique(*points).begin(), points->end());
+    return true;
+}
+
+static std::unique_ptr<GeoShape> decode_geography_line(const 
GeographyCoordinates& raw,
+                                                       StringRef value) {
+    std::vector<S2Point> points;
+    if (!geography_stable_points(raw.sequences.front(), &points)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (points.size() < 2) {
+        // Canonical pole aliases such as (0,90),(90,90) collapse to one 
calculation
+        // point. Preserve their prior admission; the old parser still rejects 
a
+        // truly duplicate-only line such as (1,1),(1,1).
+        GeoParseStatus status;
+        return GeoShape::from_wkb_bytes(value.data, value.size, status);
+    }
+    auto polyline = std::make_unique<S2Polyline>(points, S2Debug::DISABLE);
+    if (!polyline->IsValid()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return GeoLine::create_unique(std::move(polyline));
+}
+
+static std::unique_ptr<GeoShape> decode_geography_calculation_shape(StringRef 
value) {
+    GeographyCoordinates raw(value);
+    if (raw.status != GeoParseStatus::GEO_PARSE_OK) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (raw.type == GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_POINT) {
+        GeoParseStatus status;
+        return GeoShape::from_wkb_bytes(value.data, value.size, status);
+    }
+    if (raw.type == GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_LINE_STRING) {
+        return decode_geography_line(raw, value);
+    }
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<S2Loop>> loops;
+    std::vector<const S2Loop*> input_loops;
+    for (const auto& ring : raw.sequences) {
+        std::vector<S2Point> points;
+        // Validate holes against stable raw arcs, as with typed line 
admission.
+        if (!geography_stable_points(ring, &points)) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        // Validated WKB rings are closed; only polygon admission removes that 
endpoint.
+        DCHECK(points.front() == points.back());
+        points.pop_back();
+        if (points.size() < 3) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        auto loop = std::make_unique<S2Loop>(points, S2Debug::DISABLE);
+        if (!loop->IsValid()) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        loop->Normalize();
+        if (!loops.empty() && !loops.front()->Contains(*loop)) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        input_loops.push_back(loop.get());
+        loops.push_back(std::move(loop));
+    }
+    auto polygon = std::make_unique<S2Polygon>(std::move(loops), 
S2Debug::DISABLE);
+    if (!polygon->IsValid()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    std::vector<int> depths;
+    for (const auto* loop : input_loops) {
+        depths.push_back(loop->depth());
+    }
+    return GeoPolygon::create_unique(std::move(polygon), std::move(depths));
+}
+
+#ifdef BE_TEST
+static thread_local size_t geography_exact_proofs = 0;
+static thread_local size_t geography_candidate_visits = 0;
+#endif
+
+// Test coplanarity of the original degree ordinates, not independently 
rounded S2 vectors.
+// For example (45,-45), (90,0), (135,45) share an arc although ToPoint's 
determinant is nonzero.
+static bool geography_common_great_circle(const GeoCoordinate& a, const 
GeoCoordinate& b,
+                                          const GeoCoordinate& c) {
+#ifdef BE_TEST
+    ++geography_exact_proofs;
+#endif
+    using boost::multiprecision::cpp_int;
+    const std::array<double, 6> ordinates {a.y, a.x, b.y, b.x, c.y, c.x};
+    std::array<uint64_t, 6> significands;
+    std::array<int, 6> exponents;
+    int denominator_bits = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < ordinates.size(); ++i) {
+        const auto bits = std::bit_cast<uint64_t>(ordinates[i]);
+        const int biased = (bits >> 52) & 0x7ff;
+        uint64_t significand = bits & ((uint64_t {1} << 52) - 1);
+        int exponent = biased ? biased - 1075 : -1074;
+        if (biased) {
+            significand |= uint64_t {1} << 52;
+        }
+        if (significand != 0) {
+            const int zeros = std::countr_zero(significand);
+            significand >>= zeros;
+            exponent += zeros;
+            denominator_bits = std::max(denominator_bits, -exponent);
+        } else {
+            exponent = 0;
+        }
+        significands[i] = significand;
+        exponents[i] = exponent;
+    }
+    std::array<cpp_int, 6> angles;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < angles.size(); ++i) {
+        angles[i] = cpp_int(significands[i]) << (denominator_bits + 
exponents[i]);
+        if (std::signbit(ordinates[i])) {
+            angles[i] = -angles[i];
+        }
+    }
+    // Binary-rational degrees have denominator 2^q. Exp(i*angle) is a power 
of a
+    // root of unity of order 360*2^q. Its minimal polynomial is Phi_90(t), 
with
+    // t = z^(2^(q+2)), and Phi_90(t) = t^24+t^21-t^15-t^12-t^9+t^3+1.
+    // Expand cos(lat_i)cos(lat_j)sin(lat_k)sin(lon_j-lon_i), cyclically, into
+    // 48 integer-coefficient powers. Equal residues modulo 2^(q+2) share one
+    // polynomial; reduction by Phi_90 proves zero exactly, including tiny 
nonzero controls.
+    const int shift = denominator_bits + 2;
+    const cpp_int basis = cpp_int(1) << shift;
+    const cpp_int period = 90 * basis;
+    std::map<cpp_int, std::array<int, 90>> polynomials;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+        const int j = (i + 1) % 3;
+        const int k = (i + 2) % 3;
+        for (int mask = 0; mask < 16; ++mask) {
+            std::array<int, 4> signs;
+            for (int bit = 0; bit < 4; ++bit) {
+                signs[bit] = (mask & (1 << bit)) ? 1 : -1;
+            }
+            cpp_int power = signs[0] * angles[2 * i] + signs[1] * angles[2 * 
j] +
+                            signs[2] * angles[2 * k] +
+                            signs[3] * (angles[2 * j + 1] - angles[2 * i + 1]);
+            power %= period;
+            if (power < 0) {
+                power += period;
+            }
+            const int quotient = (power >> shift).convert_to<int>();
+            const cpp_int residue = power - (cpp_int(quotient) << shift);
+            polynomials[residue][quotient] += signs[2] * signs[3];
+        }
+    }
+    for (auto& [residue, coefficients] : polynomials) {
+        for (int i = 89; i >= 24; --i) {
+            const int coefficient = coefficients[i];
+            coefficients[i] = 0;
+            coefficients[i - 3] -= coefficient;
+            coefficients[i - 9] += coefficient;
+            coefficients[i - 12] += coefficient;
+            coefficients[i - 15] += coefficient;
+            coefficients[i - 21] -= coefficient;
+            coefficients[i - 24] -= coefficient;
+        }
+        if (std::ranges::any_of(coefficients, [](int value) { return value != 
0; })) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Keep each atomic segment in its own shape. Pinned S2 ProcessEdge1 uses a 
chain's
+// global start as a local offset in one endpoint path, so multiple chains per 
line
+// shape are unsafe. Closed AA shapes restore internal vertices in the OPEN 
model.
+class GeographyLineShape final : public S2Shape {
+public:
+    GeographyLineShape(const S2Point& a, const S2Point& b) { 
_edge.emplace_back(a, b); }
+    int num_edges() const override { return 1; }
+    Edge edge(int i) const override {
+        DCHECK_EQ(i, 0);
+        return _edge.front();
+    }
+    int dimension() const override { return 1; }
+    ReferencePoint GetReferencePoint() const override { return 
ReferencePoint::Contained(false); }
+    int num_chains() const override { return 1; }
+    Chain chain(int i) const override {
+        DCHECK_EQ(i, 0);
+        return {0, 1};
+    }
+    Edge chain_edge(int i, int j) const override {
+        DCHECK_EQ(i, 0);
+        return edge(j);
+    }
+    ChainPosition chain_position(int i) const override {
+        DCHECK_EQ(i, 0);
+        return {0, 0};
+    }
+
+private:
+    // Owning storage is checked/accounted by the current query's allocator.
+    DorisVector<Edge> _edge;
+};
+
+class GeographyEdgeNodes {
+public:
+    using LineEdge = std::pair<GeographyVertex, GeographyVertex>;
+    using LineEdges = std::set<LineEdge, std::less<>, 
CustomStdAllocator<LineEdge>>;
+
+    GeographyCoordinates left;
+    GeographyCoordinates right;
+
+    GeographyEdgeNodes(StringRef left_wkb, StringRef right_wkb) : 
left(left_wkb), right(right_wkb) {
+        DCHECK_EQ(left.status, GeoParseStatus::GEO_PARSE_OK);
+        DCHECK_EQ(right.status, GeoParseStatus::GEO_PARSE_OK);
+        DorisMap<double, DorisVector<GeographyVertex>> longitude_vertices;
+        std::set<GeographyVertex, std::less<>, 
CustomStdAllocator<GeographyVertex>> coordinates;
+        for (const auto* shape : {&left, &right}) {
+            for (const auto& sequence : shape->sequences) {
+                for (const auto& point : sequence) {
+                    if (!coordinates.insert(point).second) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    const auto& coordinate = point.coordinate;
+                    longitude_vertices[coordinate.x].push_back(point);
+                    if (std::abs(coordinate.y) != 90) {
+                        _meridians[meridian(coordinate.x)][coordinate.x < 
0].push_back(
+                                {coordinate.y, point});
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // Keep dense longitude groups separately so a circle can skip its 
known
+        // endpoint longitudes before enumerating nearby points. At sqrt(N) 
points
+        // per group there are at most sqrt(N) extra indexes, even with 
unrelated
+        // vertices padding a near-antipodal spoke input.
+        const auto dense_size =
+                std::max(size_t {2}, 
static_cast<size_t>(std::ceil(std::sqrt(coordinates.size()))));
+        for (const auto& [longitude, points] : longitude_vertices) {
+            auto& index =
+                    points.size() >= dense_size ? _dense_longitudes[longitude] 
: _vertex_index;
+            for (const auto& point : points) {
+                index.Add(point.point, point);
+            }
+        }
+        for (auto& entry : _meridians) {
+            for (auto& side : entry.second) {
+                side.push_back({-90, GeographyVertex({.x = 0, .y = -90})});
+                side.push_back({90, GeographyVertex({.x = 0, .y = 90})});
+                std::ranges::sort(side, {}, &Vertex::latitude);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool contains_point(const GeographyVertex& start, const GeographyVertex& 
end,
+                        const GeographyVertex& point) const {
+        // Preserve exact endpoints, including date-line and pole aliases.
+        if (point == start || point == end) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (start == end) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        const auto& a = start.coordinate;
+        const auto& b = end.coordinate;
+        const auto& c = point.coordinate;
+        const auto key = meridian(std::abs(a.y) == 90 ? b.x : a.x);
+        bool member = false;
+        if (meridian_edge(start, end, [&](const auto& vertices, double from, 
double to) {
+                // Opposite-longitude edges can pass through a pole; the pole 
belongs
+                // to both legs, whereas other positions must be on the 
selected side.
+                const bool same_side =
+                        std::abs(c.y) == 90 ||
+                        (meridian(c.x) == key && &_meridians.at(key)[c.x < 0] 
== &vertices);
+                member |= same_side && c.y >= std::min(from, to) && c.y <= 
std::max(from, to);
+            })) {
+            return member;
+        }
+        const bool wraps = geography_degree_sum(std::max(a.x, b.x), 
-std::min(a.x, b.x)) >
+                           std::pair {180.0, 0.0};
+        const bool within = wraps ? (c.x < std::min(a.x, b.x) || c.x > 
std::max(a.x, b.x))
+                                  : (c.x > std::min(a.x, b.x) && c.x < 
std::max(a.x, b.x));
+        // Near-antipodal endpoint conversion can rotate the S2 plane 
substantially.
+        // POINT(45 0) is on (-44.99999999999997 -45,134.99999999999997 45);
+        // decide from raw degrees rather than accepting a larger distance 
tolerance.
+        return within && geography_common_great_circle(a, b, c);
+    }
+
+    void append_edge(const GeographyVertex& start, const GeographyVertex& end,
+                     DorisVector<GeographyVertex>* output) const {
+        output->push_back(start);
+        if (start == end) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (meridian_edge(start, end, [&](const auto& vertices, double from, 
double to) {
+                append_range(vertices, from, to, output);
+                if (std::abs(to) == 90) {
+                    const GeographyVertex pole({.x = 0, .y = to});
+                    if (end != pole) {
+                        output->push_back(pole);
+                    }
+                }
+            })) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const auto& a = start.coordinate;
+        const auto& b = end.coordinate;
+        const bool wraps = geography_degree_sum(std::max(a.x, b.x), 
-std::min(a.x, b.x)) >
+                           std::pair {180.0, 0.0};
+        const bool east = (a.x < b.x) != wraps;
+        // A near-antipodal rounded edge can miss true raw-coordinate nodes. 
Two
+        // stable half-arcs recall those nodes without a hemispherical search.
+        const auto midpoint = GeographyRawArc(a, b).midpoint;
+        DorisVector<GeographyVertex> on_edge;
+        for (const auto& endpoint : {start, end}) {
+            visit_edge_candidates(
+                    endpoint.point, midpoint, [](double) { return false; },
+                    [&](const GeographyVertex& point) {
+                        const auto& c = point.coordinate;
+                        // Longitude is strictly monotone along every 
non-meridian minor arc.
+                        // Check the original interval (including date-line 
wrap), not a distance
+                        // tolerance that could append a point just beyond an 
endpoint.
+                        const bool within =
+                                wraps ? (c.x < std::min(a.x, b.x) || c.x > 
std::max(a.x, b.x))
+                                      : (c.x > std::min(a.x, b.x) && c.x < 
std::max(a.x, b.x));
+                        if (within && geography_common_great_circle(a, b, c)) {
+                            on_edge.push_back(point);
+                        }
+                    });
+        }
+        std::ranges::sort(on_edge, [&](const GeographyVertex& x, const 
GeographyVertex& y) {
+            const double x_lon = x.coordinate.x;
+            const double y_lon = y.coordinate.x;
+            if ((x_lon < a.x) != (y_lon < a.x)) {
+                return east ? x_lon >= a.x : x_lon < a.x;
+            }
+            return east ? x_lon < y_lon : x_lon > y_lon;
+        });
+        on_edge.erase(std::ranges::unique(on_edge).begin(), on_edge.end());
+        output->insert(output->end(), on_edge.begin(), on_edge.end());
+    }
+
+    // Calculation-only points never enter the raw-degree identity/noding map.
+    std::optional<S2Point> arc_midpoint(const GeographyVertex& a, const 
GeographyVertex& b) const {
+        if (a.point.DotProd(b.point) < 0) {
+            return GeographyRawArc(a.coordinate, b.coordinate).midpoint;
+        }
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    void add_line(const GeographyCoordinates& shape, MutableS2ShapeIndex* 
index,
+                  LineEdges* raw_line_edges = nullptr) const {
+        using Interval = std::pair<double, double>;
+        DorisMap<const DorisVector<Vertex>*, DorisVector<Interval>> intervals;
+        LineEdges raw_edges;
+        const auto& line = shape.sequences.front();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < line.size(); ++i) {
+            const auto& a = line[i];
+            const auto& b = line[i + 1];
+            if (a == b) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!meridian_edge(a, b, [&](const auto& vertices, double from, 
double to) {
+                    intervals[&vertices].emplace_back(std::min(from, to), 
std::max(from, to));
+                })) {
+                raw_edges.emplace(std::min(a, b), std::max(a, b));
+            }
+        }
+        LineEdges edges;
+        auto add_edge = [&](const GeographyVertex& a, const GeographyVertex& 
b) {
+            // Equality must distinguish (0,58)->(0,59) from 
(0,58+ulp)->(0,59),
+            // even when conversion collapses the raw 58->58+ulp subedge to 
one S2Point.
+            if (raw_line_edges != nullptr) {
+                raw_line_edges->emplace(std::min(a, b), std::max(a, b));
+            }
+            // Rounded adjacent vertices can share one S2Point while remaining 
distinct raw
+            // WKB vertices, for example 58 and 58.00000000000001 degrees. The 
raw edge is
+            // retained for identity, but its zero-length S2 representation 
must not become
+            // an OPEN/AA boundary marker at the original line endpoint.
+            if (a.point == b.point) {
+                return;
+            }
+            edges.emplace(std::min(a, b), std::max(a, b));
+        };
+        // Merge latitude coverage before splitting: N repeated or overlapping 
edges
+        // and M collinear vertices produce O(N+M) scratch, never an N*M 
vertex walk.
+        for (auto& [vertices, ranges] : intervals) {
+            std::ranges::sort(ranges);
+            auto emit = [&](double from, double to) {
+                auto begin = std::ranges::lower_bound(*vertices, from, {}, 
&Vertex::latitude);
+                const auto end = std::ranges::upper_bound(*vertices, to, {}, 
&Vertex::latitude);
+                for (auto next = begin + 1; next != end; ++begin, ++next) {
+                    add_edge(begin->point, next->point);
+                }
+            };
+            double from = ranges.front().first;
+            double to = ranges.front().second;
+            for (const auto& range : ranges) {
+                if (range.first > to) {
+                    emit(from, to);
+                    from = range.first;
+                }
+                to = std::max(to, range.second);
+            }
+            emit(from, to);
+        }
+        add_circle_edges(raw_edges, add_edge);
+        add_line_shapes(line, edges, index);
+    }
+
+private:
+    void add_line_shapes(const DorisVector<GeographyVertex>& line, const 
LineEdges& edges,
+                         MutableS2ShapeIndex* index) const {
+        const auto& first = line.front();
+        const auto& last = line.back();
+        auto add = [&](const S2Point& a, const S2Point& b) {
+            index->Add(std::make_unique<GeographyLineShape>(a, b));
+        };
+        if (edges.empty()) {
+            // A raw pole-alias line may collapse to one canonical calculation 
position.
+            add(first.point, first.point);
+        }
+        std::set<S2Point, std::less<>, CustomStdAllocator<S2Point>> 
interior_vertices;
+        for (const auto& [a, b] : edges) {
+            const auto midpoint = arc_midpoint(a, b);
+            if (midpoint) {
+                add(a.point, *midpoint);
+                add(*midpoint, b.point);
+                // The synthetic split is interior, not a new OPEN line 
boundary:
+                // a crossing at this point must not become ST_Touches=true.
+                interior_vertices.insert(*midpoint);
+            } else {
+                add(a.point, b.point);
+            }
+            interior_vertices.insert(a.point);
+            interior_vertices.insert(b.point);
+        }
+        for (const auto& point : interior_vertices) {
+            if (first == last || (point != first.point && point != 
last.point)) {
+                add(point, point);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct Vertex {
+        double latitude;
+        GeographyVertex point;
+    };
+    struct Circle {
+        GeographyVertex a;
+        GeographyVertex b;
+        S2Point normal;
+        DorisVector<std::pair<double, double>> ranges;
+        DorisMap<double, GeographyVertex> vertices;
+    };
+
+    template <typename Edges, typename AddEdge>
+    void add_circle_edges(const Edges& edges, AddEdge&& add_edge) const {
+        DorisVector<Circle> circles;
+        S2PointIndex<size_t> normal_index;
+        const double rounding = 64 * std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon();
+        for (const auto& [a, b] : edges) {
+            const auto normal = GeographyRawArc(a.coordinate, 
b.coordinate).normal;
+            size_t group = circles.size();
+            S2ClosestPointQuery<size_t> query(&normal_index);
+            // Raw trigonometric products avoid the epsilon/sin(length) error
+            // amplification. Normals only recall candidates; exact proof 
decides.
+            
query.mutable_options()->set_conservative_max_distance(S1Angle::Radians(rounding));
+            S2ClosestPointQuery<size_t>::PointTarget target(normal);
+            for (const auto& candidate : query.FindClosestPoints(&target)) {
+#ifdef BE_TEST
+                ++geography_candidate_visits;
+#endif
+                const auto& circle = circles[candidate.data()];
+                const auto& x = circle.a.coordinate;
+                const auto& y = circle.b.coordinate;
+                const auto on_circle = [&](const GeographyVertex& point) {
+                    return point == circle.a || point == circle.b ||
+                           geography_common_great_circle(x, y, 
point.coordinate);
+                };
+                if (on_circle(a) && on_circle(b)) {
+                    group = candidate.data();
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (group == circles.size()) {
+                normal_index.Add(normal, group);
+                normal_index.Add(-normal, group);
+                circles.push_back({a, b, normal, {}, {}});
+            }
+            auto& circle = circles[group];
+            const double lo = std::min(a.coordinate.x, b.coordinate.x);
+            const double hi = std::max(a.coordinate.x, b.coordinate.x);
+            // Longitude cut points are interval sentinels, not fabricated 
spatial
+            // vertices. For 170->-170 the real wrap edge is emitted below.
+            if (geography_degree_sum(hi, -lo) > std::pair {180.0, 0.0}) {
+                circle.ranges.emplace_back(-180, lo);
+                circle.ranges.emplace_back(hi, 180);
+            } else {
+                circle.ranges.emplace_back(lo, hi);
+            }
+            // Keep every raw endpoint, especially original open-line endpoints
+            // inside a larger merged interval: OPEN must still exclude those 
points.
+            circle.vertices.emplace(a.coordinate.x, a);
+            circle.vertices.emplace(b.coordinate.x, b);
+        }
+        for (auto& circle : circles) {
+            collect_circle_vertices(circle);
+            emit_circle_edges(circle, add_edge);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename SkipLongitude, typename Visit>
+    void visit_edge_candidates(const S2Point& a, const S2Point& b, 
SkipLongitude&& skip_longitude,
+                               Visit&& visit) const {
+        const auto query_index = [&](const S2PointIndex<GeographyVertex>& 
index) {
+            S2ClosestPointQuery<GeographyVertex> query(&index);
+            query.mutable_options()->set_conservative_max_distance(
+                    S1Angle::Radians(64 * 
std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon()));
+            S2ClosestPointQuery<GeographyVertex>::EdgeTarget target(a, b);
+            for (const auto& candidate : query.FindClosestPoints(&target)) {
+#ifdef BE_TEST
+                ++geography_candidate_visits;
+#endif
+                visit(candidate.data());
+            }
+        };
+        query_index(_vertex_index);
+        for (const auto& [longitude, index] : _dense_longitudes) {
+#ifdef BE_TEST
+            ++geography_candidate_visits;
+#endif
+            // A non-meridian circle has only one nonpolar point at each 
longitude.
+            // Dense endpoint groups must be skipped before the S2 query, 
including
+            // when unrelated vertices make them a minority of the complete 
input.
+            if (!skip_longitude(longitude)) {
+                query_index(index);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void collect_circle_vertices(Circle& circle) const {
+        // Query a whole circle once, using four non-antipodal quarter arcs.
+        const auto u = S2::Ortho(circle.normal);
+        const auto v = circle.normal.CrossProd(u).Normalize();
+        const std::array<S2Point, 4> quarter {u, v, -u, -v};
+        std::set<GeographyVertex, std::less<>, 
CustomStdAllocator<GeographyVertex>> seen;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < quarter.size(); ++i) {
+            visit_edge_candidates(
+                    quarter[i], quarter[(i + 1) % 4],
+                    [&](double longitude) { return 
circle.vertices.contains(longitude); },
+                    [&](const GeographyVertex& point) {
+                        const auto& coordinate = point.coordinate;
+                        if (seen.insert(point).second && 
!circle.vertices.contains(coordinate.x) &&
+                            geography_common_great_circle(circle.a.coordinate, 
circle.b.coordinate,
+                                                          coordinate)) {
+                            circle.vertices.emplace(coordinate.x, point);
+                        }
+                    });
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename AddEdge>
+    static void emit_circle_edges(Circle& circle, AddEdge&& add_edge) {
+        std::ranges::sort(circle.ranges);
+        DorisVector<std::pair<double, double>> merged;
+        for (const auto& range : circle.ranges) {
+            if (merged.empty() || range.first > merged.back().second) {
+                merged.push_back(range);
+            } else {
+                merged.back().second = std::max(merged.back().second, 
range.second);
+            }
+        }
+        for (const auto& [lo, hi] : merged) {
+            const auto begin = circle.vertices.lower_bound(lo);
+            const auto end = circle.vertices.upper_bound(hi);
+            // Each original interval retains an endpoint, including either 
side
+            // of the date-line cut. Merging and node collection never remove 
it.
+            DCHECK(begin != end);
+            auto previous = begin;
+            for (auto next = std::next(begin); next != end; ++previous, 
++next) {
+                add_edge(previous->second, next->second);
+            }
+        }
+        if (merged.front().first == -180 && merged.back().second == 180) {
+            add_edge(circle.vertices.rbegin()->second, 
circle.vertices.begin()->second);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static std::pair<double, double> meridian(double longitude) {
+        return longitude >= 0 ? std::pair {longitude, 0.0} : 
geography_degree_sum(longitude, 180);
+    }
+    template <typename Append>
+    bool meridian_edge(const GeographyVertex& start, const GeographyVertex& 
end,
+                       Append&& append) const {
+        const auto& a = start.coordinate;
+        const auto& b = end.coordinate;
+        const bool a_pole = std::abs(a.y) == 90;
+        const bool b_pole = std::abs(b.y) == 90;
+        const auto key = meridian(a_pole ? b.x : a.x);
+        if (!a_pole && !b_pole && key != meridian(b.x)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Exact opposite endpoints (e.g. (0,10),(180,-10)) have no unique 
minor arc.
+        if (a.y == -b.y && ((a_pole && b_pole) || (a.x < 0) != (b.x < 0))) {
+            throw Exception(ErrorCode::NOT_IMPLEMENTED_ERROR,
+                            "Geography calculations do not support antipodal 
edges");
+        }
+        const bool a_side = (a_pole ? b.x : a.x) < 0;
+        const bool b_side = (b_pole ? a.x : b.x) < 0;
+        const auto& group = _meridians.at(key);
+        if (a_side == b_side) {
+            append(group[a_side], a.y, b.y);
+        } else {
+            // (10,80)->(-170,80) goes via the north pole; retain raw latitude 
on each side.
+            const double latitude = a.y > -b.y ? 90 : -90;
+            append(group[a_side], a.y, latitude);
+            append(group[b_side], latitude, b.y);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    static void append_range(const DorisVector<Vertex>& vertices, double from, 
double to,
+                             DorisVector<GeographyVertex>* output) {
+        const auto first =
+                std::ranges::upper_bound(vertices, std::min(from, to), {}, 
&Vertex::latitude);
+        const auto last =
+                std::ranges::lower_bound(vertices, std::max(from, to), {}, 
&Vertex::latitude);
+        if (from < to) {
+            for (auto it = first; it != last; ++it) {
+                output->push_back(it->point);
+            }
+        } else {
+            auto current = last;
+            while (current != first) {
+                output->push_back((--current)->point);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    DorisMap<double, S2PointIndex<GeographyVertex>> _dense_longitudes;
+    S2PointIndex<GeographyVertex> _vertex_index;
+    DorisMap<std::pair<double, double>, std::array<DorisVector<Vertex>, 2>> 
_meridians;
+};
+
+static void geography_shape_index(const GeoShape& shape, const 
GeographyCoordinates& raw,
+                                  const GeographyEdgeNodes& nodes, 
MutableS2ShapeIndex* index) {
+    switch (shape.type()) {
+    case GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_POINT:
+        index->Add(std::make_unique<S2PointVectorShape>(
+                std::vector<S2Point> {raw.sequences.front().front().point}));
+        break;
+    case GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_LINE_STRING:
+        nodes.add_line(raw, index);
+        break;
+    case GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_POLYGON: {
+        const auto& depths = assert_cast<const 
GeoPolygon&>(shape).calculation_ring_depths();
+        DCHECK_EQ(depths.size(), raw.sequences.size());
+        std::vector<S2LaxPolygonShape::Loop> loops;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < raw.sequences.size(); ++i) {
+            auto& vertices = loops.emplace_back();
+            const auto& ring = raw.sequences[i];
+            DorisVector<GeographyVertex> edge;
+            for (size_t j = 0; j + 1 < ring.size(); ++j) {
+                edge.clear();
+                nodes.append_edge(ring[j], ring[j + 1], &edge);
+                edge.push_back(ring[j + 1]);
+                for (size_t k = 0; k + 1 < edge.size(); ++k) {
+                    vertices.push_back(edge[k].point);
+                    // Use the same stable long arcs for interiors and 
distances.
+                    // The raw (-45+e,-45)->(135-e,45) edge otherwise changes 
sides
+                    // around POINT(45 0.000001) when its midpoint is inserted.
+                    if (const auto midpoint = nodes.arc_midpoint(edge[k], 
edge[k + 1])) {
+                        vertices.push_back(*midpoint);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // A thin near-antipodal ring may have been reversed by 
normalization
+            // of the rounded edge. Restore the smaller-region shell 
orientation
+            // after stabilization while preserving the admitted hole depths.
+            // Span normalization also retains canonical pole-alias 
degeneracies.
+            if (S2::IsNormalized(vertices) == (depths[i] % 2 != 0)) {
+                std::ranges::reverse(vertices);
+            }
+        }
+        index->Add(std::make_unique<S2LaxPolygonShape>(loops));
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+        throw Exception(ErrorCode::INTERNAL_ERROR, "Unexpected Geography 
calculation shape");
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef BE_TEST
+size_t geography_calculation_edges_for_test(const std::string& left, const 
std::string& right,
+                                            size_t* exact_proofs, size_t* 
candidate_visits) {
+    geography_exact_proofs = 0;
+    geography_candidate_visits = 0;
+    const auto a = decode_geography_calculation_shape(StringRef(left));
+    const auto b = decode_geography_calculation_shape(StringRef(right));
+    const GeographyEdgeNodes nodes {StringRef(left), StringRef(right)};
+    MutableS2ShapeIndex a_index;
+    MutableS2ShapeIndex b_index;
+    geography_shape_index(*a, nodes.left, nodes, &a_index);
+    geography_shape_index(*b, nodes.right, nodes, &b_index);
+    size_t edges = 0;
+    for (const auto* shape : a_index) {
+        edges += shape->num_edges();
+    }
+    for (const auto* shape : b_index) {
+        edges += shape->num_edges();
+    }
+    if (exact_proofs != nullptr) {
+        *exact_proofs = geography_exact_proofs;
+    }
+    if (candidate_visits != nullptr) {
+        *candidate_visits = geography_candidate_visits;
+    }
+    return edges;
+}
+#endif
+
+static S1ChordAngle geography_conversion_error() {
+    // S2LatLng::ToPoint and degrees-to-radians rounding can separate 
positions on
+    // the same meridian. This is about 1e-8 metres, not a user snap radius.
+    return S1ChordAngle(S1Angle::Radians(8 * 
std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon()));
+}
+
+static bool geography_point_relation(std::string_view name, const GeoShape& 
lhs,
+                                     const GeoShape& rhs, const 
GeographyEdgeNodes& nodes) {
+    const auto& other = lhs.type() == GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_POINT ? rhs : 
lhs;
+    const auto& point_raw = lhs.type() == GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_POINT ? 
nodes.left : nodes.right;
+    const auto& other_raw = lhs.type() == GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_POINT ? 
nodes.right : nodes.left;
+    const auto& point = point_raw.sequences.front().front();
+    bool interior = false;
+    bool boundary = false;
+    if (other.type() == GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_POINT) {
+        interior = point == other_raw.sequences.front().front();
+    } else if (other.type() == GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_LINE_STRING) {
+        const auto& line = other_raw.sequences.front();
+        bool member = false;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < line.size(); ++i) {
+            member = member || nodes.contains_point(line[i], line[i + 1], 
point);
+        }
+        const auto& first = line.front();
+        const auto& last = line.back();
+        boundary = first != last && (point == first || point == last);
+        interior = member && !boundary;
+    } else {
+        DCHECK(other.type() == GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_POLYGON);
+        for (const auto& ring : other_raw.sequences) {
+            for (size_t j = 0; j + 1 < ring.size(); ++j) {
+                boundary = boundary || nodes.contains_point(ring[j], ring[j + 
1], point);
+            }
+        }
+        if (!boundary) {
+            MutableS2ShapeIndex index;
+            geography_shape_index(other, other_raw, nodes, &index);
+            interior = MakeS2ContainsPointQuery(&index).Contains(point.point);
+        }
+    }
+    if (name == "st_intersects") {
+        return interior || boundary;
+    }
+    if (name == "st_disjoint") {
+        return !interior && !boundary;
+    }
+    if (name == "st_touches") {
+        return boundary;
+    }
+    return interior;
+}
+
+static Status geography_relation(std::string_view name, const GeoShape& lhs, 
const GeoShape& rhs,
+                                 StringRef left_wkb, StringRef right_wkb, 
bool* result) {
+    const auto& container = name == "st_within" ? rhs : lhs;
+    const auto& value = name == "st_within" ? lhs : rhs;
+    const bool containment = name == "st_contains" || name == "st_within";
+    // A point cannot contain a line or polygon; this is a defined false 
result.
+    if (containment && container.type() == GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_POINT &&
+        value.type() != GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_POINT) {
+        *result = false;
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
+    if (name == "st_equals" && lhs.type() != rhs.type()) {
+        *result = false;
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
+    if (name == "st_overlaps" &&
+        (lhs.type() != rhs.type() || lhs.type() == 
GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_POINT)) {
+        *result = false;
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
+    if (lhs.type() == GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_POINT ||
+        rhs.type() == GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_POINT) {
+        // Point equality has the same canonical position test as point 
containment.
+        const GeographyEdgeNodes nodes(left_wkb, right_wkb);
+        *result = geography_point_relation(name, lhs, rhs, nodes);
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
+    MutableS2ShapeIndex left;
+    MutableS2ShapeIndex right;
+    const GeographyEdgeNodes nodes(left_wkb, right_wkb);
+    GeographyEdgeNodes::LineEdges left_edges;
+    GeographyEdgeNodes::LineEdges right_edges;
+    // CLOSED S2 equality alone loses unequal raw extents at colliding 
endpoints.
+    // Reuse the existing shared noding once per line, preserving its 
canonical raw edges.
+    if (name == "st_equals" && lhs.type() == 
GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_LINE_STRING) {
+        nodes.add_line(nodes.left, &left, &left_edges);
+        nodes.add_line(nodes.right, &right, &right_edges);
+    } else {
+        geography_shape_index(container, name == "st_within" ? nodes.right : 
nodes.left, nodes,
+                              &left);
+        geography_shape_index(value, name == "st_within" ? nodes.left : 
nodes.right, nodes, &right);
+    }
+    S2BooleanOperation::Options options;
+    options.set_polygon_model(S2BooleanOperation::PolygonModel::CLOSED);
+    options.set_polyline_model(S2BooleanOperation::PolylineModel::CLOSED);
+    options.set_polyline_loops_have_boundaries(false);
+    if (name == "st_equals") {
+        *result = left_edges == right_edges && 
S2BooleanOperation::Equals(left, right, options);
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
+    if (containment && container.type() == GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_LINE_STRING 
&&
+        value.type() == GeoShapeType::GEO_SHAPE_POLYGON) {
+        *result = false;
+        return Status::OK();
+    }
+    if (containment && !S2BooleanOperation::Contains(left, right, options)) {

Review Comment:
   Fixed in fcd19869858. Contains/Within and Overlaps now use the canonical raw 
edge coverage from shared noding, including positive overlaps that collapse to 
one S2 point. Added both-order, equivalent-subdivision and rounded-endpoint 
regressions.



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