Copilot commented on code in PR #61094:
URL: https://github.com/apache/doris/pull/61094#discussion_r2893436384


##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/datasource/paimon/PaimonSysExternalTable.java:
##########
@@ -198,15 +198,16 @@ public TTableDescriptor toThrift() {
         if (PaimonExternalCatalog.PAIMON_HMS.equals(catalogType)
                 || PaimonExternalCatalog.PAIMON_FILESYSTEM.equals(catalogType)
                 || PaimonExternalCatalog.PAIMON_DLF.equals(catalogType)
-                || PaimonExternalCatalog.PAIMON_REST.equals(catalogType)) {
+                || PaimonExternalCatalog.PAIMON_REST.equals(catalogType)
+                || PaimonExternalCatalog.PAIMON_JDBC.equals(catalogType)) {
             THiveTable tHiveTable = new THiveTable(dbName, name, new 
HashMap<>());
             TTableDescriptor tTableDescriptor = new TTableDescriptor(getId(), 
TTableType.HIVE_TABLE, schema.size(), 0,
                     getName(), dbName);
             tTableDescriptor.setHiveTable(tHiveTable);
             return tTableDescriptor;
         } else {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                    "Currently only supports hms/dlf/rest/filesystem catalog, 
do not support :" + catalogType);
+                    "Currently only supports hms/dlf/rest/filesystem/jdbc 
catalog, do not support :" + catalogType);

Review Comment:
   Error message formatting: the string contains an extra space before the 
colon (`"do not support :"`), which reads awkwardly and makes log/error 
matching harder. Consider changing to `"do not support: " + catalogType` (also 
adding a space after the colon for readability).
   ```suggestion
                       "Currently only supports hms/dlf/rest/filesystem/jdbc 
catalog, do not support: " + catalogType);
   ```



##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/datasource/property/metastore/PaimonJdbcMetaStoreProperties.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+package org.apache.doris.datasource.property.metastore;
+
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.JdbcResource;
+import 
org.apache.doris.common.security.authentication.HadoopExecutionAuthenticator;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.paimon.PaimonExternalCatalog;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.property.ConnectorProperty;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.property.storage.HdfsProperties;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.property.storage.StorageProperties;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
+import org.apache.paimon.catalog.Catalog;
+import org.apache.paimon.catalog.CatalogContext;
+import org.apache.paimon.catalog.CatalogFactory;
+import org.apache.paimon.jdbc.JdbcCatalogFactory;
+import org.apache.paimon.options.CatalogOptions;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLClassLoader;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+public class PaimonJdbcMetaStoreProperties extends AbstractPaimonProperties {
+    private static final Logger LOG = 
LogManager.getLogger(PaimonJdbcMetaStoreProperties.class);
+    private static final Map<URL, ClassLoader> DRIVER_CLASS_LOADER_CACHE = new 
ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    @ConnectorProperty(
+            names = {"uri", "paimon.jdbc.uri"},
+            required = true,
+            description = "JDBC connection URI for the Paimon JDBC catalog."
+    )
+    private String uri = "";
+
+    @ConnectorProperty(
+            names = {"paimon.jdbc.user", "jdbc.user"},
+            required = false,
+            description = "Username for the Paimon JDBC catalog."
+    )
+    private String jdbcUser;
+
+    @ConnectorProperty(
+            names = {"paimon.jdbc.password", "jdbc.password"},
+            required = false,
+            sensitive = true,
+            description = "Password for the Paimon JDBC catalog."
+    )
+    private String jdbcPassword;
+
+    @ConnectorProperty(
+            names = {"paimon.jdbc.driver_url"},
+            required = false,
+            description = "JDBC driver JAR file path or URL. "
+                    + "Can be a local file name (will look in 
$DORIS_HOME/plugins/jdbc_drivers/) "
+                    + "or a full URL (http://, https://, file://)."
+    )
+    private String driverUrl;
+
+    @ConnectorProperty(
+            names = {"paimon.jdbc.driver_class"},
+            required = false,
+            description = "JDBC driver class name. If specified with 
paimon.jdbc.driver_url, "
+                    + "the driver will be loaded dynamically."
+    )
+    private String driverClass;
+
+    protected PaimonJdbcMetaStoreProperties(Map<String, String> props) {
+        super(props);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getPaimonCatalogType() {
+        return PaimonExternalCatalog.PAIMON_JDBC;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void checkRequiredProperties() {
+        super.checkRequiredProperties();
+        if (StringUtils.isBlank(warehouse)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property warehouse is 
required.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Catalog initializeCatalog(String catalogName, 
List<StorageProperties> storagePropertiesList) {
+        buildCatalogOptions();
+        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
+        for (StorageProperties storageProperties : storagePropertiesList) {
+            if (storageProperties.getHadoopStorageConfig() != null) {
+                conf.addResource(storageProperties.getHadoopStorageConfig());
+            }
+            if 
(storageProperties.getType().equals(StorageProperties.Type.HDFS)) {
+                this.executionAuthenticator = new 
HadoopExecutionAuthenticator(((HdfsProperties) storageProperties)
+                        .getHadoopAuthenticator());
+            }
+        }
+        appendUserHadoopConfig(conf);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(driverUrl)) {
+            registerJdbcDriver(driverUrl, driverClass);
+            LOG.info("Using dynamic JDBC driver for Paimon JDBC catalog from: 
{}", driverUrl);
+        }
+        CatalogContext catalogContext = CatalogContext.create(catalogOptions, 
conf);
+        try {
+            return this.executionAuthenticator.execute(() -> 
CatalogFactory.createCatalog(catalogContext));
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create Paimon catalog with 
JDBC metastore: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void appendCustomCatalogOptions() {
+        catalogOptions.set(CatalogOptions.URI.key(), uri);
+        addIfNotBlank("jdbc.user", jdbcUser);
+        addIfNotBlank("jdbc.password", jdbcPassword);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected String getMetastoreType() {
+        return JdbcCatalogFactory.IDENTIFIER;
+    }
+
+    private void addIfNotBlank(String key, String value) {
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(value)) {
+            catalogOptions.set(key, value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register JDBC driver with DriverManager.
+     * This is necessary because DriverManager.getConnection() doesn't use 
Thread.contextClassLoader.
+     */
+    private void registerJdbcDriver(String driverUrl, String driverClassName) {
+        try {
+            String fullDriverUrl = JdbcResource.getFullDriverUrl(driverUrl);
+            URL url = new URL(fullDriverUrl);
+
+            ClassLoader classLoader = 
DRIVER_CLASS_LOADER_CACHE.computeIfAbsent(url, u -> {
+                ClassLoader parent = getClass().getClassLoader();
+                return URLClassLoader.newInstance(new URL[] {u}, parent);
+            });
+
+            if (StringUtils.isBlank(driverClassName)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "paimon.jdbc.driver_class is required when 
paimon.jdbc.driver_url is specified");
+            }
+
+            Class<?> loadedDriverClass = Class.forName(driverClassName, true, 
classLoader);
+            java.sql.Driver driver = (java.sql.Driver) 
loadedDriverClass.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
+            java.sql.DriverManager.registerDriver(new DriverShim(driver));
+            LOG.info("Successfully registered JDBC driver for Paimon catalog: 
{} from {}",
+                    driverClassName, fullDriverUrl);

Review Comment:
   `registerJdbcDriver` calls `DriverManager.registerDriver(new 
DriverShim(driver))` every time the catalog is initialized. Since 
`DriverManager` keeps a global static list, repeated initialization (or 
multiple catalogs using the same driver URL/class) will accumulate duplicate 
driver instances and classloaders, leading to memory/permgen pressure and 
slower driver resolution. Consider tracking already-registered (driverUrl, 
driverClass) pairs (or checking `DriverManager.getDrivers()` for an existing 
shim) and skipping registration when it’s already registered.



##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/datasource/property/metastore/PaimonJdbcMetaStoreProperties.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+package org.apache.doris.datasource.property.metastore;
+
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.JdbcResource;
+import 
org.apache.doris.common.security.authentication.HadoopExecutionAuthenticator;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.paimon.PaimonExternalCatalog;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.property.ConnectorProperty;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.property.storage.HdfsProperties;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.property.storage.StorageProperties;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
+import org.apache.paimon.catalog.Catalog;
+import org.apache.paimon.catalog.CatalogContext;
+import org.apache.paimon.catalog.CatalogFactory;
+import org.apache.paimon.jdbc.JdbcCatalogFactory;
+import org.apache.paimon.options.CatalogOptions;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLClassLoader;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+public class PaimonJdbcMetaStoreProperties extends AbstractPaimonProperties {
+    private static final Logger LOG = 
LogManager.getLogger(PaimonJdbcMetaStoreProperties.class);
+    private static final Map<URL, ClassLoader> DRIVER_CLASS_LOADER_CACHE = new 
ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    @ConnectorProperty(
+            names = {"uri", "paimon.jdbc.uri"},
+            required = true,
+            description = "JDBC connection URI for the Paimon JDBC catalog."
+    )
+    private String uri = "";
+
+    @ConnectorProperty(
+            names = {"paimon.jdbc.user", "jdbc.user"},
+            required = false,
+            description = "Username for the Paimon JDBC catalog."
+    )
+    private String jdbcUser;
+
+    @ConnectorProperty(
+            names = {"paimon.jdbc.password", "jdbc.password"},
+            required = false,
+            sensitive = true,
+            description = "Password for the Paimon JDBC catalog."
+    )
+    private String jdbcPassword;
+
+    @ConnectorProperty(
+            names = {"paimon.jdbc.driver_url"},
+            required = false,
+            description = "JDBC driver JAR file path or URL. "
+                    + "Can be a local file name (will look in 
$DORIS_HOME/plugins/jdbc_drivers/) "
+                    + "or a full URL (http://, https://, file://)."
+    )
+    private String driverUrl;
+
+    @ConnectorProperty(
+            names = {"paimon.jdbc.driver_class"},
+            required = false,
+            description = "JDBC driver class name. If specified with 
paimon.jdbc.driver_url, "
+                    + "the driver will be loaded dynamically."
+    )
+    private String driverClass;
+
+    protected PaimonJdbcMetaStoreProperties(Map<String, String> props) {
+        super(props);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getPaimonCatalogType() {
+        return PaimonExternalCatalog.PAIMON_JDBC;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void checkRequiredProperties() {
+        super.checkRequiredProperties();
+        if (StringUtils.isBlank(warehouse)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property warehouse is 
required.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Catalog initializeCatalog(String catalogName, 
List<StorageProperties> storagePropertiesList) {
+        buildCatalogOptions();
+        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
+        for (StorageProperties storageProperties : storagePropertiesList) {
+            if (storageProperties.getHadoopStorageConfig() != null) {
+                conf.addResource(storageProperties.getHadoopStorageConfig());
+            }
+            if 
(storageProperties.getType().equals(StorageProperties.Type.HDFS)) {
+                this.executionAuthenticator = new 
HadoopExecutionAuthenticator(((HdfsProperties) storageProperties)
+                        .getHadoopAuthenticator());
+            }
+        }
+        appendUserHadoopConfig(conf);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(driverUrl)) {
+            registerJdbcDriver(driverUrl, driverClass);
+            LOG.info("Using dynamic JDBC driver for Paimon JDBC catalog from: 
{}", driverUrl);
+        }
+        CatalogContext catalogContext = CatalogContext.create(catalogOptions, 
conf);
+        try {
+            return this.executionAuthenticator.execute(() -> 
CatalogFactory.createCatalog(catalogContext));
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create Paimon catalog with 
JDBC metastore: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void appendCustomCatalogOptions() {
+        catalogOptions.set(CatalogOptions.URI.key(), uri);
+        addIfNotBlank("jdbc.user", jdbcUser);
+        addIfNotBlank("jdbc.password", jdbcPassword);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected String getMetastoreType() {
+        return JdbcCatalogFactory.IDENTIFIER;
+    }
+
+    private void addIfNotBlank(String key, String value) {
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(value)) {
+            catalogOptions.set(key, value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register JDBC driver with DriverManager.
+     * This is necessary because DriverManager.getConnection() doesn't use 
Thread.contextClassLoader.
+     */
+    private void registerJdbcDriver(String driverUrl, String driverClassName) {
+        try {
+            String fullDriverUrl = JdbcResource.getFullDriverUrl(driverUrl);
+            URL url = new URL(fullDriverUrl);
+
+            ClassLoader classLoader = 
DRIVER_CLASS_LOADER_CACHE.computeIfAbsent(url, u -> {
+                ClassLoader parent = getClass().getClassLoader();
+                return URLClassLoader.newInstance(new URL[] {u}, parent);
+            });
+
+            if (StringUtils.isBlank(driverClassName)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "paimon.jdbc.driver_class is required when 
paimon.jdbc.driver_url is specified");
+            }
+
+            Class<?> loadedDriverClass = Class.forName(driverClassName, true, 
classLoader);
+            java.sql.Driver driver = (java.sql.Driver) 
loadedDriverClass.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
+            java.sql.DriverManager.registerDriver(new DriverShim(driver));
+            LOG.info("Successfully registered JDBC driver for Paimon catalog: 
{} from {}",
+                    driverClassName, fullDriverUrl);
+        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid driver URL: " + 
driverUrl, e);
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Failed to load JDBC driver 
class: " + driverClassName, e);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            throw e;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to register JDBC driver: " + 
driverClassName, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class DriverShim implements java.sql.Driver {
+        private final java.sql.Driver delegate;
+
+        DriverShim(java.sql.Driver delegate) {
+            this.delegate = delegate;

Review Comment:
   The nested `DriverShim` is duplicated in `IcebergJdbcMetaStoreProperties` 
with the same behavior. Consider extracting a shared utility/shim to avoid 
divergence when future fixes are needed (e.g., preventing duplicate 
registrations, cache invalidation).



##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/datasource/paimon/PaimonExternalTable.java:
##########
@@ -181,15 +181,16 @@ public TTableDescriptor toThrift() {
         if (PaimonExternalCatalog.PAIMON_HMS.equals(getPaimonCatalogType())
                 || 
PaimonExternalCatalog.PAIMON_FILESYSTEM.equals(getPaimonCatalogType())
                 || 
PaimonExternalCatalog.PAIMON_DLF.equals(getPaimonCatalogType())
-                || 
PaimonExternalCatalog.PAIMON_REST.equals(getPaimonCatalogType())) {
+                || 
PaimonExternalCatalog.PAIMON_REST.equals(getPaimonCatalogType())
+                || 
PaimonExternalCatalog.PAIMON_JDBC.equals(getPaimonCatalogType())) {
             THiveTable tHiveTable = new THiveTable(dbName, name, new 
HashMap<>());
             TTableDescriptor tTableDescriptor = new TTableDescriptor(getId(), 
TTableType.HIVE_TABLE, schema.size(), 0,
                     getName(), dbName);
             tTableDescriptor.setHiveTable(tHiveTable);
             return tTableDescriptor;
         } else {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                    "Currently only supports hms/dlf/rest/filesystem catalog, 
do not support :"
+                    "Currently only supports hms/dlf/rest/filesystem/jdbc 
catalog, do not support :"

Review Comment:
   Error message formatting: this string includes `"do not support :"` (space 
before colon). Consider changing to `"do not support: " + 
getPaimonCatalogType()` for consistent, cleaner messages.
   ```suggestion
                       "Currently only supports hms/dlf/rest/filesystem/jdbc 
catalog, do not support: "
   ```



##########
fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/datasource/property/metastore/PaimonJdbcMetaStoreProperties.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+package org.apache.doris.datasource.property.metastore;
+
+import org.apache.doris.catalog.JdbcResource;
+import 
org.apache.doris.common.security.authentication.HadoopExecutionAuthenticator;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.paimon.PaimonExternalCatalog;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.property.ConnectorProperty;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.property.storage.HdfsProperties;
+import org.apache.doris.datasource.property.storage.StorageProperties;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
+import org.apache.paimon.catalog.Catalog;
+import org.apache.paimon.catalog.CatalogContext;
+import org.apache.paimon.catalog.CatalogFactory;
+import org.apache.paimon.jdbc.JdbcCatalogFactory;
+import org.apache.paimon.options.CatalogOptions;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLClassLoader;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+public class PaimonJdbcMetaStoreProperties extends AbstractPaimonProperties {
+    private static final Logger LOG = 
LogManager.getLogger(PaimonJdbcMetaStoreProperties.class);
+    private static final Map<URL, ClassLoader> DRIVER_CLASS_LOADER_CACHE = new 
ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    @ConnectorProperty(
+            names = {"uri", "paimon.jdbc.uri"},
+            required = true,
+            description = "JDBC connection URI for the Paimon JDBC catalog."
+    )
+    private String uri = "";
+
+    @ConnectorProperty(
+            names = {"paimon.jdbc.user", "jdbc.user"},
+            required = false,
+            description = "Username for the Paimon JDBC catalog."
+    )
+    private String jdbcUser;
+
+    @ConnectorProperty(
+            names = {"paimon.jdbc.password", "jdbc.password"},
+            required = false,
+            sensitive = true,
+            description = "Password for the Paimon JDBC catalog."
+    )
+    private String jdbcPassword;
+
+    @ConnectorProperty(
+            names = {"paimon.jdbc.driver_url"},
+            required = false,
+            description = "JDBC driver JAR file path or URL. "
+                    + "Can be a local file name (will look in 
$DORIS_HOME/plugins/jdbc_drivers/) "
+                    + "or a full URL (http://, https://, file://)."
+    )
+    private String driverUrl;
+
+    @ConnectorProperty(
+            names = {"paimon.jdbc.driver_class"},
+            required = false,
+            description = "JDBC driver class name. If specified with 
paimon.jdbc.driver_url, "
+                    + "the driver will be loaded dynamically."
+    )
+    private String driverClass;
+
+    protected PaimonJdbcMetaStoreProperties(Map<String, String> props) {
+        super(props);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getPaimonCatalogType() {
+        return PaimonExternalCatalog.PAIMON_JDBC;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void checkRequiredProperties() {
+        super.checkRequiredProperties();
+        if (StringUtils.isBlank(warehouse)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property warehouse is 
required.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Catalog initializeCatalog(String catalogName, 
List<StorageProperties> storagePropertiesList) {
+        buildCatalogOptions();
+        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
+        for (StorageProperties storageProperties : storagePropertiesList) {
+            if (storageProperties.getHadoopStorageConfig() != null) {
+                conf.addResource(storageProperties.getHadoopStorageConfig());
+            }
+            if 
(storageProperties.getType().equals(StorageProperties.Type.HDFS)) {
+                this.executionAuthenticator = new 
HadoopExecutionAuthenticator(((HdfsProperties) storageProperties)
+                        .getHadoopAuthenticator());
+            }
+        }
+        appendUserHadoopConfig(conf);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(driverUrl)) {
+            registerJdbcDriver(driverUrl, driverClass);
+            LOG.info("Using dynamic JDBC driver for Paimon JDBC catalog from: 
{}", driverUrl);
+        }
+        CatalogContext catalogContext = CatalogContext.create(catalogOptions, 
conf);
+        try {
+            return this.executionAuthenticator.execute(() -> 
CatalogFactory.createCatalog(catalogContext));
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create Paimon catalog with 
JDBC metastore: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void appendCustomCatalogOptions() {
+        catalogOptions.set(CatalogOptions.URI.key(), uri);
+        addIfNotBlank("jdbc.user", jdbcUser);
+        addIfNotBlank("jdbc.password", jdbcPassword);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected String getMetastoreType() {
+        return JdbcCatalogFactory.IDENTIFIER;
+    }
+
+    private void addIfNotBlank(String key, String value) {
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(value)) {
+            catalogOptions.set(key, value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register JDBC driver with DriverManager.
+     * This is necessary because DriverManager.getConnection() doesn't use 
Thread.contextClassLoader.
+     */
+    private void registerJdbcDriver(String driverUrl, String driverClassName) {
+        try {
+            String fullDriverUrl = JdbcResource.getFullDriverUrl(driverUrl);
+            URL url = new URL(fullDriverUrl);
+
+            ClassLoader classLoader = 
DRIVER_CLASS_LOADER_CACHE.computeIfAbsent(url, u -> {
+                ClassLoader parent = getClass().getClassLoader();
+                return URLClassLoader.newInstance(new URL[] {u}, parent);
+            });

Review Comment:
   `DRIVER_CLASS_LOADER_CACHE.computeIfAbsent(...)` permanently caches a 
classloader for a URL. If driver loading fails (bad jar, transient download 
issue, wrong class), the cached entry can keep subsequent retries stuck using 
the same (potentially poisoned) loader. Consider removing the cache entry on 
failures (e.g., in the `ClassNotFoundException`/generic catch path) so users 
can fix the driver and retry without restarting FE.



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