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     new 45d4e546 Publish built docs triggered by 
93f4c34bf5a4afae2547d5ccb677143d1833ebf0
45d4e546 is described below

commit 45d4e54630a07697120fc6139a0622f57d6f6477
Author: github-actions[bot] <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
AuthorDate: Tue Mar 17 06:52:14 2026 +0000

    Publish built docs triggered by 93f4c34bf5a4afae2547d5ccb677143d1833ebf0
---
 .../autoapi/datafusion/functions/index.rst.txt     | 282 +++++++++++++++++-
 autoapi/datafusion/functions/index.html            | 323 ++++++++++++++++++++-
 searchindex.js                                     |   2 +-
 user-guide/common-operations/aggregations.html     |  36 +--
 user-guide/common-operations/basic-info.html       |  46 +--
 user-guide/common-operations/functions.html        |  20 +-
 6 files changed, 651 insertions(+), 58 deletions(-)

diff --git a/_sources/autoapi/datafusion/functions/index.rst.txt 
b/_sources/autoapi/datafusion/functions/index.rst.txt
index 02a0c3a1..0b25cf15 100644
--- a/_sources/autoapi/datafusion/functions/index.rst.txt
+++ b/_sources/autoapi/datafusion/functions/index.rst.txt
@@ -320,7 +320,14 @@ Module Contents
    :param name: The alias name
    :param metadata: Optional metadata to attach to the column
 
-   :returns: An expression with the given alias
+   .. rubric:: Examples
+
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2]})
+   >>> df.select(
+   ...     dfn.functions.alias(dfn.col("a"), "b")
+   ... ).collect_column("b")[0].as_py()
+   1
 
 
 .. py:function:: approx_distinct(expression: datafusion.expr.Expr, filter: 
datafusion.expr.Expr | None = None) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
@@ -337,6 +344,15 @@ Module Contents
    :param expression: Values to check for distinct entries
    :param filter: If provided, only compute against rows for which the filter 
is True
 
+   Examples:
+   ---------
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 1, 2, 3]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate(
+   ...     [], [dfn.functions.approx_distinct(dfn.col("a")).alias("v")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("v")[0].as_py() == 3
+   True
+
 
 .. py:function:: approx_median(expression: datafusion.expr.Expr, filter: 
datafusion.expr.Expr | None = None) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -351,6 +367,15 @@ Module Contents
    :param expression: Values to find the median for
    :param filter: If provided, only compute against rows for which the filter 
is True
 
+   Examples:
+   ---------
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate(
+   ...     [], [dfn.functions.approx_median(dfn.col("a")).alias("v")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("v")[0].as_py()
+   2.0
+
 
 .. py:function:: approx_percentile_cont(sort_expression: datafusion.expr.Expr 
| datafusion.expr.SortExpr, percentile: float, num_centroids: int | None = 
None, filter: datafusion.expr.Expr | None = None) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -374,6 +399,15 @@ Module Contents
    :param num_centroids: Max bin size for the t-digest algorithm
    :param filter: If provided, only compute against rows for which the filter 
is True
 
+   Examples:
+   ---------
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate(
+   ...     [], [dfn.functions.approx_percentile_cont(dfn.col("a"), 
0.5).alias("v")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("v")[0].as_py()
+   3.0
+
 
 .. py:function:: approx_percentile_cont_with_weight(sort_expression: 
datafusion.expr.Expr | datafusion.expr.SortExpr, weight: datafusion.expr.Expr, 
percentile: float, num_centroids: int | None = None, filter: 
datafusion.expr.Expr | None = None) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -391,6 +425,16 @@ Module Contents
    :param num_centroids: Max bin size for the t-digest algorithm
    :param filter: If provided, only compute against rows for which the filter 
is True
 
+   Examples:
+   ---------
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1.0, 2.0, 3.0], "w": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate(
+   ...     [], [dfn.functions.approx_percentile_cont_with_weight(dfn.col("a"),
+   ...     dfn.col("w"), 0.5).alias("v")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("v")[0].as_py()
+   2.0
+
 
 .. py:function:: array(*args: datafusion.expr.Expr) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -506,7 +550,7 @@ Module Contents
 
    Converts each element to its text representation.
 
-   This is an alias for :py:func:`array_to_string`.
+   .. seealso:: This is an alias for :py:func:`array_to_string`.
 
 
 .. py:function:: array_length(array: datafusion.expr.Expr) -> 
datafusion.expr.Expr
@@ -622,6 +666,15 @@ Module Contents
 
    Converts each element to its text representation.
 
+   .. rubric:: Examples
+
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [[1, 2, 3]]})
+   >>> result = df.select(
+   ...     dfn.functions.array_to_string(dfn.col("a"), 
dfn.lit(",")).alias("s"))
+   >>> result.collect_column("s")[0].as_py()
+   '1,2,3'
+
 
 .. py:function:: array_union(array1: datafusion.expr.Expr, array2: 
datafusion.expr.Expr) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -742,6 +795,14 @@ Module Contents
    :param expression: Values to combine into an array
    :param filter: If provided, only compute against rows for which the filter 
is True
 
+   Examples:
+   ---------
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate([], [dfn.functions.avg(dfn.col("a")).alias("v")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("v")[0].as_py()
+   2.0
+
 
 .. py:function:: bit_and(expression: datafusion.expr.Expr, filter: 
datafusion.expr.Expr | None = None) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -755,6 +816,14 @@ Module Contents
    :param expression: Argument to perform bitwise calculation on
    :param filter: If provided, only compute against rows for which the filter 
is True
 
+   Examples:
+   ---------
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [7, 3]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate([], 
[dfn.functions.bit_and(dfn.col("a")).alias("v")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("v")[0].as_py()
+   3
+
 
 .. py:function:: bit_length(arg: datafusion.expr.Expr) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -773,6 +842,14 @@ Module Contents
    :param expression: Argument to perform bitwise calculation on
    :param filter: If provided, only compute against rows for which the filter 
is True
 
+   Examples:
+   ---------
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate([], 
[dfn.functions.bit_or(dfn.col("a")).alias("v")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("v")[0].as_py()
+   3
+
 
 .. py:function:: bit_xor(expression: datafusion.expr.Expr, distinct: bool = 
False, filter: datafusion.expr.Expr | None = None) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -787,6 +864,14 @@ Module Contents
    :param distinct: If True, evaluate each unique value of expression only once
    :param filter: If provided, only compute against rows for which the filter 
is True
 
+   Examples:
+   ---------
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [5, 3]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate([], 
[dfn.functions.bit_xor(dfn.col("a")).alias("v")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("v")[0].as_py()
+   6
+
 
 .. py:function:: bool_and(expression: datafusion.expr.Expr, filter: 
datafusion.expr.Expr | None = None) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -801,6 +886,14 @@ Module Contents
    :param expression: Argument to perform calculation on
    :param filter: If provided, only compute against rows for which the filter 
is True
 
+   Examples:
+   ---------
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [True, True, False]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate([], 
[dfn.functions.bool_and(dfn.col("a")).alias("v")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("v")[0].as_py()
+   False
+
 
 .. py:function:: bool_or(expression: datafusion.expr.Expr, filter: 
datafusion.expr.Expr | None = None) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -815,6 +908,14 @@ Module Contents
    :param expression: Argument to perform calculation on
    :param filter: If provided, only compute against rows for which the filter 
is True
 
+   Examples:
+   ---------
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [False, False, True]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate([], 
[dfn.functions.bool_or(dfn.col("a")).alias("v")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("v")[0].as_py()
+   True
+
 
 .. py:function:: btrim(arg: datafusion.expr.Expr) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -834,6 +935,16 @@ Module Contents
    expression ``expr``. See :py:class:`~datafusion.expr.CaseBuilder` for
    detailed usage.
 
+   .. rubric:: Examples
+
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2, 3]})
+   >>> result = df.select(
+   ...     dfn.functions.case(dfn.col("a")).when(dfn.lit(1),
+   ...     dfn.lit("one")).otherwise(dfn.lit("other")).alias("c"))
+   >>> result.collect_column("c")[0].as_py()
+   'one'
+
 
 .. py:function:: cbrt(arg: datafusion.expr.Expr) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -894,6 +1005,13 @@ Module Contents
 
    Creates a column reference expression.
 
+   .. rubric:: Examples
+
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2, 3]})
+   >>> df.select(dfn.functions.col("a")).collect_column("a")[0].as_py()
+   1
+
 
 .. py:function:: concat(*args: datafusion.expr.Expr) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -901,6 +1019,16 @@ Module Contents
 
    NULL arguments are ignored.
 
+   .. rubric:: Examples
+
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": ["hello"], "b": [" world"]})
+   >>> result = df.select(
+   ...     dfn.functions.concat(dfn.col("a"), dfn.col("b")).alias("c")
+   ... )
+   >>> result.collect_column("c")[0].as_py()
+   'hello world'
+
 
 .. py:function:: concat_ws(separator: str, *args: datafusion.expr.Expr) -> 
datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -908,6 +1036,15 @@ Module Contents
 
    ``NULL`` arguments are ignored. ``separator`` should not be ``NULL``.
 
+   .. rubric:: Examples
+
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": ["hello"], "b": ["world"]})
+   >>> result = df.select(
+   ...     dfn.functions.concat_ws("-", dfn.col("a"), dfn.col("b")).alias("c"))
+   >>> result.collect_column("c")[0].as_py()
+   'hello-world'
+
 
 .. py:function:: corr(value_y: datafusion.expr.Expr, value_x: 
datafusion.expr.Expr, filter: datafusion.expr.Expr | None = None) -> 
datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -981,6 +1118,14 @@ Module Contents
    :param distinct: If True, a single entry for each distinct value will be in 
the result
    :param filter: If provided, only compute against rows for which the filter 
is True
 
+   Examples:
+   ---------
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2, 3]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate([], 
[dfn.functions.count(dfn.col("a")).alias("v")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("v")[0].as_py()
+   3
+
 
 .. py:function:: count_star(filter: datafusion.expr.Expr | None = None) -> 
datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -993,6 +1138,14 @@ Module Contents
 
    :param filter: If provided, only count rows for which the filter is True
 
+   .. rubric:: Examples
+
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2, 3]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate([], [dfn.functions.count_star().alias("cnt")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("cnt")[0].as_py()
+   3
+
 
 .. py:function:: covar(value_y: datafusion.expr.Expr, value_x: 
datafusion.expr.Expr, filter: datafusion.expr.Expr | None = None) -> 
datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -1099,6 +1252,15 @@ Module Contents
 
    Decode the ``input``, using the ``encoding``. encoding can be base64 or hex.
 
+   .. rubric:: Examples
+
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": ["aGVsbG8="]})
+   >>> result = df.select(
+   ...     dfn.functions.decode(dfn.col("a"), dfn.lit("base64")).alias("dec"))
+   >>> result.collect_column("dec")[0].as_py()
+   b'hello'
+
 
 .. py:function:: degrees(arg: datafusion.expr.Expr) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -1147,6 +1309,15 @@ Module Contents
    Standard algorithms are md5, sha224, sha256, sha384, sha512, blake2s,
    blake2b, and blake3.
 
+   .. rubric:: Examples
+
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": ["hello"]})
+   >>> result = df.select(
+   ...     dfn.functions.digest(dfn.col("a"), dfn.lit("md5")).alias("d"))
+   >>> len(result.collect_column("d")[0].as_py()) > 0
+   True
+
 
 .. py:function:: empty(array: datafusion.expr.Expr) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -1157,6 +1328,15 @@ Module Contents
 
    Encode the ``input``, using the ``encoding``. encoding can be base64 or hex.
 
+   .. rubric:: Examples
+
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": ["hello"]})
+   >>> result = df.select(
+   ...     dfn.functions.encode(dfn.col("a"), dfn.lit("base64")).alias("enc"))
+   >>> result.collect_column("enc")[0].as_py()
+   'aGVsbG8'
+
 
 .. py:function:: ends_with(arg: datafusion.expr.Expr, suffix: 
datafusion.expr.Expr) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -1270,6 +1450,18 @@ Module Contents
 
    Returns whether the argument is contained within the list ``values``.
 
+   .. rubric:: Examples
+
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2, 3]})
+   >>> result = df.select(
+   ...     dfn.functions.in_list(
+   ...         dfn.col("a"), [dfn.lit(1), dfn.lit(3)]
+   ...     ).alias("in")
+   ... )
+   >>> result.collect_column("in").to_pylist()
+   [True, False, True]
+
 
 .. py:function:: initcap(string: datafusion.expr.Expr) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -1283,6 +1475,14 @@ Module Contents
 
    Returns true if a given number is +NaN or -NaN otherwise returns false.
 
+   .. rubric:: Examples
+
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1.0, np.nan]})
+   >>> result = df.select(dfn.functions.isnan(dfn.col("a")).alias("isnan"))
+   >>> result.collect_column("isnan")[1].as_py()
+   True
+
 
 .. py:function:: iszero(arg: datafusion.expr.Expr) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -1492,6 +1692,8 @@ Module Contents
 
    This is an alias for :py:func:`array_to_string`.
 
+   .. seealso:: This is an alias for :py:func:`array_to_string`.
+
 
 .. py:function:: list_length(array: datafusion.expr.Expr) -> 
datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -1618,7 +1820,7 @@ Module Contents
 
    Converts each element to its text representation.
 
-   This is an alias for :py:func:`array_to_string`.
+   .. seealso:: This is an alias for :py:func:`array_to_string`.
 
 
 .. py:function:: list_union(array1: datafusion.expr.Expr, array2: 
datafusion.expr.Expr) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
@@ -1730,6 +1932,14 @@ Module Contents
    :param expression: The value to find the maximum of
    :param filter: If provided, only compute against rows for which the filter 
is True
 
+   Examples:
+   ---------
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2, 3]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate([], [dfn.functions.max(dfn.col("a")).alias("v")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("v")[0].as_py()
+   3
+
 
 .. py:function:: md5(arg: datafusion.expr.Expr) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -1750,6 +1960,14 @@ Module Contents
 
    This is an alias for :py:func:`avg`.
 
+   Examples:
+   ---------
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate([], [dfn.functions.mean(dfn.col("a")).alias("v")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("v")[0].as_py()
+   2.0
+
 
 .. py:function:: median(expression: datafusion.expr.Expr, distinct: bool = 
False, filter: datafusion.expr.Expr | None = None) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -1765,6 +1983,14 @@ Module Contents
    :param distinct: If True, a single entry for each distinct value will be in 
the result
    :param filter: If provided, only compute against rows for which the filter 
is True
 
+   Examples:
+   ---------
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate([], 
[dfn.functions.median(dfn.col("a")).alias("v")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("v")[0].as_py()
+   2.0
+
 
 .. py:function:: min(expression: datafusion.expr.Expr, filter: 
datafusion.expr.Expr | None = None) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -1776,6 +2002,14 @@ Module Contents
    :param expression: The value to find the minimum of
    :param filter: If provided, only compute against rows for which the filter 
is True
 
+   Examples:
+   ---------
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2, 3]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate([], [dfn.functions.min(dfn.col("a")).alias("v")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("v")[0].as_py()
+   1
+
 
 .. py:function:: named_struct(name_pairs: list[tuple[str, 
datafusion.expr.Expr]]) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -1874,6 +2108,15 @@ Module Contents
 
    This can be used to perform the inverse operation of the COALESCE 
expression.
 
+   .. rubric:: Examples
+
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2], "b": [1, 3]})
+   >>> result = df.select(
+   ...     dfn.functions.nullif(dfn.col("a"), dfn.col("b")).alias("nullif"))
+   >>> result.collect_column("nullif").to_pylist()
+   [None, 2]
+
 
 .. py:function:: nvl(x: datafusion.expr.Expr, y: datafusion.expr.Expr) -> 
datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -1901,6 +2144,12 @@ Module Contents
 
    Creates a new sort expression.
 
+   .. rubric:: Examples
+
+   >>> sort_expr = dfn.functions.order_by(dfn.col("a"), ascending=False)
+   >>> sort_expr.ascending()
+   False
+
 
 .. py:function:: overlay(string: datafusion.expr.Expr, substring: 
datafusion.expr.Expr, start: datafusion.expr.Expr, length: datafusion.expr.Expr 
| None = None) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -2539,6 +2788,15 @@ Module Contents
 
        df.aggregate([], string_agg(col("a"), ",", order_by="b"))
 
+   Examples:
+   ---------
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": ["x", "y", "z"]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate(
+   ...     [], [dfn.functions.string_agg(dfn.col("a"), ",", 
order_by="a").alias("s")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("s")[0].as_py()
+   'x,y,z'
+
 
 .. py:function:: strpos(string: datafusion.expr.Expr, substring: 
datafusion.expr.Expr) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -2596,6 +2854,14 @@ Module Contents
    :param expression: Values to combine into an array
    :param filter: If provided, only compute against rows for which the filter 
is True
 
+   Examples:
+   ---------
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2, 3]})
+   >>> result = df.aggregate([], [dfn.functions.sum(dfn.col("a")).alias("v")])
+   >>> result.collect_column("v")[0].as_py()
+   6
+
 
 .. py:function:: tan(arg: datafusion.expr.Expr) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
@@ -2799,6 +3065,16 @@ Module Contents
    expression ``expr``. See :py:class:`~datafusion.expr.CaseBuilder` for
    detailed usage.
 
+   .. rubric:: Examples
+
+   >>> ctx = dfn.SessionContext()
+   >>> df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2, 3]})
+   >>> result = df.select(
+   ...     dfn.functions.when(dfn.col("a") > dfn.lit(2),
+   ...     dfn.lit("big")).otherwise(dfn.lit("small")).alias("c"))
+   >>> result.collect_column("c")[2].as_py()
+   'big'
+
 
 .. py:function:: window(name: str, args: list[datafusion.expr.Expr], 
partition_by: list[datafusion.expr.Expr] | datafusion.expr.Expr | None = None, 
order_by: list[datafusion.expr.SortKey] | datafusion.expr.SortKey | None = 
None, window_frame: datafusion.expr.WindowFrame | None = None, filter: 
datafusion.expr.Expr | None = None, distinct: bool = False, ctx: 
datafusion.context.SessionContext | None = None) -> datafusion.expr.Expr
 
diff --git a/autoapi/datafusion/functions/index.html 
b/autoapi/datafusion/functions/index.html
index 840d037c..14bae86d 100644
--- a/autoapi/datafusion/functions/index.html
+++ b/autoapi/datafusion/functions/index.html
@@ -3492,10 +3492,16 @@
 <li><p><strong>metadata</strong> – Optional metadata to attach to the 
column</p></li>
 </ul>
 </dd>
-<dt class="field-even">Returns<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
-<dd class="field-even"><p>An expression with the given alias</p>
-</dd>
 </dl>
+<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">alias</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span 
class="s2">&quot;b&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span><span class="p">)</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;b&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">1</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -3515,6 +3521,17 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+<section id="examples">
+<h3>Examples:<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Link to this 
heading">¶</a></h3>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="p">[],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">approx_distinct</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span 
class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">alias</span><span 
class="p">(</span><sp [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;v&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span> <span 
class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
+<span class="go">True</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -3533,6 +3550,17 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+<section id="id1">
+<h3>Examples:<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Link to this 
heading">¶</a></h3>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mf">2.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.0</span><span 
class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="p">[],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">approx_median</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span 
class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">alias</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;v&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">2.0</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -3559,6 +3587,17 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+<section id="id2">
+<h3>Examples:<a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Link to this 
heading">¶</a></h3>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mf">2.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.0</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">4.0</span><span class="p">,</span> < [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="p">[],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">approx_percentile_cont</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span 
class="p">),</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span><span 
class="o">.</s [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;v&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">3.0</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -3580,6 +3619,18 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+<section id="id3">
+<h3>Examples:<a class="headerlink" href="#id3" title="Link to this 
heading">¶</a></h3>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mf">2.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.0</span><span 
class="p">],</span> <span class="s2">&quot;w&quot;</span><span class="p" [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="p">[],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">approx_percentile_cont_with_weight</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;w&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span 
class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">alias</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;v&quot;</span><span class="p">)])</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;v&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">2.0</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -3709,7 +3760,10 @@ array. Otherwise, it returns false.</p>
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datafusion.functions.array_join">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span 
class="pre">datafusion.functions.</span></span><span class="sig-name 
descname"><span class="pre">array_join</span></span><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span 
class="pre">expr</span></span><span class="p"><span 
class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a 
class="reference internal" href="../expr/index.html#datafusion.expr.Expr" 
title="datafusion.expr.Expr"><span class="pre">datafu [...]
 <dd><p>Converts each element to its text representation.</p>
+<div class="admonition seealso">
+<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
 <p>This is an alias for <a class="reference internal" 
href="#datafusion.functions.array_to_string" 
title="datafusion.functions.array_to_string"><code class="xref py py-func 
docutils literal notranslate"><span 
class="pre">array_to_string()</span></code></a>.</p>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -3845,6 +3899,15 @@ be filled with the given <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class=
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datafusion.functions.array_to_string">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span 
class="pre">datafusion.functions.</span></span><span class="sig-name 
descname"><span class="pre">array_to_string</span></span><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span 
class="pre">expr</span></span><span class="p"><span 
class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a 
class="reference internal" href="../expr/index.html#datafusion.expr.Expr" 
title="datafusion.expr.Expr"><span class="pre">d [...]
 <dd><p>Converts each element to its text representation.</p>
+<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span 
class="p">]]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">array_to_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span 
class="p">),</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">lit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;,&quot [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;s&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">&#39;1,2,3&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -3977,6 +4040,16 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+<section id="id4">
+<h3>Examples:<a class="headerlink" href="#id4" title="Link to this 
heading">¶</a></h3>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mf">2.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.0</span><span 
class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">([],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">avg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span class 
[...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;v&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">2.0</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -3994,6 +4067,16 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+<section id="id5">
+<h3>Examples:<a class="headerlink" href="#id5" title="Link to this 
heading">¶</a></h3>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">([],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">bit_and</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span c 
[...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;v&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">3</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -4017,6 +4100,16 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+<section id="id6">
+<h3>Examples:<a class="headerlink" href="#id6" title="Link to this 
heading">¶</a></h3>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">([],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">bit_or</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span cl 
[...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;v&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">3</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -4035,6 +4128,16 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+<section id="id7">
+<h3>Examples:<a class="headerlink" href="#id7" title="Link to this 
heading">¶</a></h3>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">([],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">bit_xor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span c 
[...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;v&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">6</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -4053,6 +4156,16 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+<section id="id8">
+<h3>Examples:<a class="headerlink" href="#id8" title="Link to this 
heading">¶</a></h3>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="kc">False</span><span class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">([],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">bool_and</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span  [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;v&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">False</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -4071,6 +4184,16 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+<section id="id9">
+<h3>Examples:<a class="headerlink" href="#id9" title="Link to this 
heading">¶</a></h3>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="kc">True</span><span class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">([],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">bool_or</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span c 
[...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;v&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">True</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -4092,6 +4215,16 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 <p>Create a <a class="reference internal" 
href="../expr/index.html#datafusion.expr.CaseBuilder" 
title="datafusion.expr.CaseBuilder"><code class="xref py py-class docutils 
literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CaseBuilder</span></code></a> to match 
cases for the
 expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span 
class="pre">expr</span></code>. See <a class="reference internal" 
href="../expr/index.html#datafusion.expr.CaseBuilder" 
title="datafusion.expr.CaseBuilder"><code class="xref py py-class docutils 
literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CaseBuilder</span></code></a> for
 detailed usage.</p>
+<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span 
class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">case</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">when</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n"> [...]
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">lit</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;one&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">otherwise</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lit</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;other&quot;</span><span 
class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">alias</spa [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;c&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">&#39;one&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -4159,6 +4292,13 @@ detailed usage.</p>
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datafusion.functions.col">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span 
class="pre">datafusion.functions.</span></span><span class="sig-name 
descname"><span class="pre">col</span></span><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span 
class="pre">name</span></span><span class="p"><span 
class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span 
class="pre">str</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span> <span 
class="sig-return"><span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;< [...]
 <dd><p>Creates a column reference expression.</p>
+<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span 
class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class=" [...]
+<span class="go">1</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -4166,6 +4306,16 @@ detailed usage.</p>
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span 
class="pre">datafusion.functions.</span></span><span class="sig-name 
descname"><span class="pre">concat</span></span><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span 
class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span 
class="pre">args</span></span><span class="p"><span 
class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a 
class="reference internal" href="../expr/index.html#datafusion.expr.Expr" 
title="d [...]
 <dd><p>Concatenates the text representations of all the arguments.</p>
 <p>NULL arguments are ignored.</p>
+<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span 
class="p">],</span> <span class="s2">&quot;b&quot;</span><span 
class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot; 
world&quot;</span><span class="p [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">concat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;b&quot;</span>< [...]
+<span class="gp">... </span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;c&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">&#39;hello world&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -4173,6 +4323,15 @@ detailed usage.</p>
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span 
class="pre">datafusion.functions.</span></span><span class="sig-name 
descname"><span class="pre">concat_ws</span></span><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span 
class="pre">separator</span></span><span class="p"><span 
class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><span 
class="pre">str</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span 
class="pre">*</span></span><span class=" [...]
 <dd><p>Concatenates the list <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span 
class="pre">args</span></code> with the separator.</p>
 <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span 
class="pre">NULL</span></code> arguments are ignored. <code class="docutils 
literal notranslate"><span class="pre">separator</span></code> should not be 
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span 
class="pre">NULL</span></code>.</p>
+<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span 
class="p">],</span> <span class="s2">&quot;b&quot;</span><span 
class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;world&quot;</span><span class="p" [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">concat_ws</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;-&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span 
class="p">),</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">col</sp [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;c&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">&#39;hello-world&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -4257,6 +4416,16 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+<section id="id10">
+<h3>Examples:<a class="headerlink" href="#id10" title="Link to this 
heading">¶</a></h3>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span 
class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">([],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span cla 
[...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;v&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">3</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -4271,6 +4440,14 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 <dd class="field-odd"><p><strong>filter</strong> – If provided, only count 
rows for which the filter is True</p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span 
class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">([],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">count_star</span><span class="p">()</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">alias</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;cnt& [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;cnt&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">3</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -4397,6 +4574,15 @@ column names or expressions.</p></li>
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datafusion.functions.decode">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span 
class="pre">datafusion.functions.</span></span><span class="sig-name 
descname"><span class="pre">decode</span></span><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span 
class="pre">expr</span></span><span class="p"><span 
class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a 
class="reference internal" href="../expr/index.html#datafusion.expr.Expr" 
title="datafusion.expr.Expr"><span class="pre">datafusion [...]
 <dd><p>Decode the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span 
class="pre">input</span></code>, using the <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">encoding</span></code>. encoding can be base64 
or hex.</p>
+<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;aGVsbG8=&quot;</span><span 
class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">decode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lit</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;base64&quot;</s [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;dec&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">b&#39;hello&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -4452,6 +4638,15 @@ column names or expressions.</p></li>
 <dd><p>Computes the binary hash of an expression using the specified 
algorithm.</p>
 <p>Standard algorithms are md5, sha224, sha256, sha384, sha512, blake2s,
 blake2b, and blake3.</p>
+<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span 
class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">digest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lit</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;md5&quot;</span [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="nb">len</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="n">result</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">collect_column</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;d&quot;</span><span class="p">)[</span><span 
class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> 
<span class="mi">0</span>
+<span class="go">True</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -4464,6 +4659,15 @@ blake2b, and blake3.</p>
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datafusion.functions.encode">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span 
class="pre">datafusion.functions.</span></span><span class="sig-name 
descname"><span class="pre">encode</span></span><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span 
class="pre">expr</span></span><span class="p"><span 
class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a 
class="reference internal" href="../expr/index.html#datafusion.expr.Expr" 
title="datafusion.expr.Expr"><span class="pre">datafusion [...]
 <dd><p>Encode the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span 
class="pre">input</span></code>, using the <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">encoding</span></code>. encoding can be base64 
or hex.</p>
+<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;hello&quot;</span><span 
class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lit</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;base64&quot;</s [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;enc&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">&#39;aGVsbG8&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -4588,6 +4792,18 @@ column names or expressions.</p></li>
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datafusion.functions.in_list">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span 
class="pre">datafusion.functions.</span></span><span class="sig-name 
descname"><span class="pre">in_list</span></span><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span 
class="pre">arg</span></span><span class="p"><span 
class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a 
class="reference internal" href="../expr/index.html#datafusion.expr.Expr" 
title="datafusion.expr.Expr"><span class="pre">datafusion [...]
 <dd><p>Returns whether the argument is contained within the list <code 
class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">values</span></code>.</p>
+<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span 
class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">in_list</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>        <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">lit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span 
class="p">),</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">lit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3 [...]
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="p">)</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">alias</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;in&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;in&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">to_pylist</span><span 
class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">[True, False, True]</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -4602,6 +4818,14 @@ characters to lowercase.</p>
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datafusion.functions.isnan">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span 
class="pre">datafusion.functions.</span></span><span class="sig-name 
descname"><span class="pre">isnan</span></span><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span 
class="pre">expr</span></span><span class="p"><span 
class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a 
class="reference internal" href="../expr/index.html#datafusion.expr.Expr" 
title="datafusion.expr.Expr"><span class="pre">datafusion. [...]
 <dd><p>Returns true if a given number is +NaN or -NaN otherwise returns 
false.</p>
+<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nan</span><span 
class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">isnan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><sp [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;isnan&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">True</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -4829,6 +5053,10 @@ column names or expressions.</p></li>
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span 
class="pre">datafusion.functions.</span></span><span class="sig-name 
descname"><span class="pre">list_join</span></span><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span 
class="pre">expr</span></span><span class="p"><span 
class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a 
class="reference internal" href="../expr/index.html#datafusion.expr.Expr" 
title="datafusion.expr.Expr"><span class="pre">datafus [...]
 <dd><p>Converts each element to its text representation.</p>
 <p>This is an alias for <a class="reference internal" 
href="#datafusion.functions.array_to_string" 
title="datafusion.functions.array_to_string"><code class="xref py py-func 
docutils literal notranslate"><span 
class="pre">array_to_string()</span></code></a>.</p>
+<div class="admonition seealso">
+<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
+<p>This is an alias for <a class="reference internal" 
href="#datafusion.functions.array_to_string" 
title="datafusion.functions.array_to_string"><code class="xref py py-func 
docutils literal notranslate"><span 
class="pre">array_to_string()</span></code></a>.</p>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -4956,7 +5184,10 @@ filled with the given <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pr
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datafusion.functions.list_to_string">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span 
class="pre">datafusion.functions.</span></span><span class="sig-name 
descname"><span class="pre">list_to_string</span></span><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span 
class="pre">expr</span></span><span class="p"><span 
class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a 
class="reference internal" href="../expr/index.html#datafusion.expr.Expr" 
title="datafusion.expr.Expr"><span class="pre">da [...]
 <dd><p>Converts each element to its text representation.</p>
+<div class="admonition seealso">
+<p class="admonition-title">See also</p>
 <p>This is an alias for <a class="reference internal" 
href="#datafusion.functions.array_to_string" 
title="datafusion.functions.array_to_string"><code class="xref py py-func 
docutils literal notranslate"><span 
class="pre">array_to_string()</span></code></a>.</p>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -5079,6 +5310,16 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+<section id="id11">
+<h3>Examples:<a class="headerlink" href="#id11" title="Link to this 
heading">¶</a></h3>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span 
class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">([],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">max</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span class 
[...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;v&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">3</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -5100,6 +5341,16 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span 
class="pre">datafusion.functions.</span></span><span class="sig-name 
descname"><span class="pre">mean</span></span><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span 
class="pre">expression</span></span><span class="p"><span 
class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a 
class="reference internal" href="../expr/index.html#datafusion.expr.Expr" 
title="datafusion.expr.Expr"><span class="pre">datafu [...]
 <dd><p>Returns the average (mean) value of the argument.</p>
 <p>This is an alias for <a class="reference internal" 
href="#datafusion.functions.avg" title="datafusion.functions.avg"><code 
class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span 
class="pre">avg()</span></code></a>.</p>
+<section id="id12">
+<h3>Examples:<a class="headerlink" href="#id12" title="Link to this 
heading">¶</a></h3>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mf">2.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.0</span><span 
class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">([],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">mean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span clas 
[...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;v&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">2.0</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -5119,6 +5370,16 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+<section id="id13">
+<h3>Examples:<a class="headerlink" href="#id13" title="Link to this 
heading">¶</a></h3>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mf">2.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.0</span><span 
class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">([],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">median</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span cl 
[...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;v&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">2.0</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -5135,6 +5396,16 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+<section id="id14">
+<h3>Examples:<a class="headerlink" href="#id14" title="Link to this 
heading">¶</a></h3>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span 
class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">([],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">min</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span class 
[...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;v&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">1</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -5245,6 +5516,15 @@ column names or expressions.</p></li>
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span 
class="pre">datafusion.functions.</span></span><span class="sig-name 
descname"><span class="pre">nullif</span></span><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span 
class="pre">expr1</span></span><span class="p"><span 
class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a 
class="reference internal" href="../expr/index.html#datafusion.expr.Expr" 
title="datafusion.expr.Expr"><span class="pre">datafusio [...]
 <dd><p>Returns NULL if expr1 equals expr2; otherwise it returns expr1.</p>
 <p>This can be used to perform the inverse operation of the COALESCE 
expression.</p>
+<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span 
class="s2">&quot;b&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</sp [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">nullif</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;b&quot;</span>< [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;nullif&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">to_pylist</span><span 
class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">[None, 2]</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -5275,6 +5555,12 @@ column names or expressions.</p></li>
 <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="datafusion.functions.order_by">
 <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span 
class="pre">datafusion.functions.</span></span><span class="sig-name 
descname"><span class="pre">order_by</span></span><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span 
class="pre">expr</span></span><span class="p"><span 
class="pre">:</span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n"><a 
class="reference internal" href="../expr/index.html#datafusion.expr.Expr" 
title="datafusion.expr.Expr"><span class="pre">datafusi [...]
 <dd><p>Creates a new sort expression.</p>
+<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">sort_expr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">order_by</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span c [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">sort_expr</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">ascending</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">False</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -6003,6 +6289,17 @@ column names or expressions.</p></li>
 <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">df</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">([],</span> 
<span class="n">string_agg</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span 
class="s2">&quot;,&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">order_by</span><span class="o">=</span><span class= [...]
 </pre></div>
 </div>
+<section id="id15">
+<h3>Examples:<a class="headerlink" href="#id15" title="Link to this 
heading">¶</a></h3>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;x&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> 
<span class="s2">&quot;y&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="s2">&quot;z&quot;</span><span class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="p">[],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">string_agg</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span 
class="p">),</span> <span class="s2">&quot;,&quot;</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">order [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;s&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">&#39;x,y,z&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -6068,6 +6365,16 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
+<section id="id16">
+<h3>Examples:<a class="headerlink" href="#id16" title="Link to this 
heading">¶</a></h3>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span 
class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">aggregate</span><span class="p">([],</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span class 
[...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;v&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">6</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
@@ -6284,6 +6591,16 @@ the options <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">order_b
 <p>Create a <a class="reference internal" 
href="../expr/index.html#datafusion.expr.CaseBuilder" 
title="datafusion.expr.CaseBuilder"><code class="xref py py-class docutils 
literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CaseBuilder</span></code></a> to match 
cases for the
 expression <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span 
class="pre">expr</span></code>. See <a class="reference internal" 
href="../expr/index.html#datafusion.expr.CaseBuilder" 
title="datafusion.expr.CaseBuilder"><code class="xref py py-class docutils 
literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CaseBuilder</span></code></a> for
 detailed usage.</p>
+<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
+<div class="doctest highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span 
class="n">ctx</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">SessionContext</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">df</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctx</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_pydict</span><span class="p">({</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span 
class="p">]})</span>
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span> <span 
class="o">=</span> <span class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">select</span><span class="p">(</span>
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">functions</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">when</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span 
class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">lit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class=" [...]
+<span class="gp">... </span>    <span class="n">dfn</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">lit</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="s2">&quot;big&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">otherwise</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">dfn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lit</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;small&quot;</span><span 
class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">alias</spa [...]
+<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">result</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">collect_column</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;c&quot;</span><span 
class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">as_py</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="go">&#39;big&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
 </dd></dl>
 
 <dl class="py function">
diff --git a/searchindex.js b/searchindex.js
index df32a631..a5f14f8c 100644
--- a/searchindex.js
+++ b/searchindex.js
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Search.setIndex({"alltitles": {"API Reference": [[19, null]], "Additional 
Resources": [[37, "additional-resources"]], "Aggregate Functions": [[24, 
"aggregate-functions"], [31, "aggregate-functions"], [33, 
"aggregate-functions"]], "Aggregation": [[24, null]], "Alternative Approach": 
[[20, "alternative-approach"]], "Apache Iceberg": [[35, "apache-iceberg"]], 
"Arrays": [[26, "arrays"]], "Arrow": [[39, null]], "Attributes": [[4, 
"attributes"], [5, "attributes"], [7, "attributes"], [12, "attr [...]
\ No newline at end of file
+Search.setIndex({"alltitles": {"API Reference": [[19, null]], "Additional 
Resources": [[37, "additional-resources"]], "Aggregate Functions": [[24, 
"aggregate-functions"], [31, "aggregate-functions"], [33, 
"aggregate-functions"]], "Aggregation": [[24, null]], "Alternative Approach": 
[[20, "alternative-approach"]], "Apache Iceberg": [[35, "apache-iceberg"]], 
"Arrays": [[26, "arrays"]], "Arrow": [[39, null]], "Attributes": [[4, 
"attributes"], [5, "attributes"], [7, "attributes"], [12, "attr [...]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user-guide/common-operations/aggregations.html 
b/user-guide/common-operations/aggregations.html
index c2fbbf15..98191d88 100644
--- a/user-guide/common-operations/aggregations.html
+++ b/user-guide/common-operations/aggregations.html
@@ -620,15 +620,15 @@ Pokemon set. Since there will be many entries of <code 
class="docutils literal n
 <span 
class="o">+----------+--------------------------------------------------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Type</span> <span class="mi">1</span> 
  <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Type</span> <span 
class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">List</span>                                 
     <span class="o">|</span>
 <span 
class="o">+----------+--------------------------------------------------+</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Bug</span>      <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">Poison</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Grass</span><span class="p">]</span>                        <span 
class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Poison</span>   <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">Ground</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">]</span>        
                       <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Electric</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">Steel</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">]</span>        
                        <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Bug</span>      <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Flying</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Grass</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Poison</span><span class="p">]</span>        
                <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Poison</span>   <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Ground</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="p">]</span>                               <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Electric</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Steel</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span 
class="p">]</span>                                <span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Fairy</span>    <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[]</span>                                    
           <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Normal</span>   <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Fairy</span><span class="p">]</span>         
                       <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Normal</span>   <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Flying</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Fairy</span><span 
class="p">]</span>                                <span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Ice</span>      <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Flying</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Psychic</span><span class="p">]</span>       
                         <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Grass</span>    <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Psychic</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Poison</span><span 
class="p">]</span>                              <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Fire</span>     <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Dragon</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="p">]</span>                               <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Water</span>    <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Fighting</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Poison</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Dark</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Psychic</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Ice</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Grass</span>    <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Poison</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Psychic</span><span 
class="p">]</span>                              <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Fire</span>     <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Dragon</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span 
class="p">]</span>                               <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Water</span>    <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Flying</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Ice</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Fighting</span><span class="p">,</span> 
<span class="n">Poison</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Dark</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Psychic</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Ground</span>   <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[,</span> <span class="n">Rock</span><span 
class="p">]</span>                                         <span 
class="o">|</span>
 <span 
class="o">+----------+--------------------------------------------------+</span>
 <span class="n">Data</span> <span class="n">truncated</span><span 
class="o">.</span>
@@ -644,15 +644,15 @@ entries entirely removed. The second is we can use the 
<code class="docutils lit
 <span 
class="o">+----------+------------------------------------------------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Type</span> <span class="mi">1</span> 
  <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Type</span> <span 
class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">List</span>                                 
   <span class="o">|</span>
 <span 
class="o">+----------+------------------------------------------------+</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Bug</span>      <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Grass</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Poison</span><span class="p">]</span>                        <span 
class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Poison</span>   <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Ground</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">]</span>        
                       <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Bug</span>      <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Grass</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Poison</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">]</span>                        <span 
class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Poison</span>   <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Flying</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Ground</span><span class="p">]</span>        
                       <span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Electric</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Flying</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Steel</span><span class="p">]</span>         
                       <span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Normal</span>   <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Fairy</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">]</span>        
                        <span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Ice</span>      <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Psychic</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">]</span>        
                      <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Grass</span>    <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Psychic</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Poison</span><span class="p">]</span>        
                      <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Grass</span>    <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Poison</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Psychic</span><span class="p">]</span>       
                       <span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Fire</span>     <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Dragon</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">]</span>        
                       <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Water</span>    <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Psychic</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Dark</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Ice</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Poison</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Fighting</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Rock</span>     <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Water</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Ground</span><span class="p">]</span>                        <span 
class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Water</span>    <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Poison</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Ice</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Dark</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Fighting</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Psychic</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Rock</span>     <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Flying</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Ground</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Water</span><span class="p">]</span>                        <span 
class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Ghost</span>    <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Poison</span><span 
class="p">]</span>                                       <span 
class="o">|</span>
 <span 
class="o">+----------+------------------------------------------------+</span>
 <span class="n">Data</span> <span class="n">truncated</span><span 
class="o">.</span>
@@ -663,15 +663,15 @@ entries entirely removed. The second is we can use the 
<code class="docutils lit
 <span 
class="o">+----------+------------------------------------------------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Type</span> <span class="mi">1</span> 
  <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Type</span> <span 
class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">List</span>                                 
   <span class="o">|</span>
 <span 
class="o">+----------+------------------------------------------------+</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Bug</span>      <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Poison</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Grass</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">]</span>                        <span 
class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Poison</span>   <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Flying</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Ground</span><span class="p">]</span>        
                       <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Electric</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Steel</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">]</span>        
                        <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Bug</span>      <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Poison</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Grass</span><span class="p">]</span>                        <span 
class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Poison</span>   <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Ground</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">]</span>        
                       <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Electric</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Flying</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Steel</span><span class="p">]</span>         
                       <span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Fairy</span>    <span 
class="o">|</span>                                                <span 
class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Normal</span>   <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Flying</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Fairy</span><span class="p">]</span>         
                       <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Normal</span>   <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Fairy</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">]</span>        
                        <span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Ice</span>      <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Flying</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Psychic</span><span class="p">]</span>       
                       <span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Grass</span>    <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Poison</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Psychic</span><span class="p">]</span>       
                       <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Fire</span>     <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Dragon</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">]</span>        
                       <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Water</span>    <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Dark</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Poison</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Fighting</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Psychic</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Flying</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Ice</span><span 
class="p">]</span> <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Fire</span>     <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Flying</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Dragon</span><span class="p">]</span>        
                       <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Water</span>    <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Flying</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Fighting</span><span class="p">,</span> 
<span class="n">Psychic</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">Dark</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Ice</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Poison</span><span class="p">]</span> <span 
class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Ground</span>   <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Rock</span><span 
class="p">]</span>                                         <span 
class="o">|</span>
 <span 
class="o">+----------+------------------------------------------------+</span>
 <span class="n">Data</span> <span class="n">truncated</span><span 
class="o">.</span>
diff --git a/user-guide/common-operations/basic-info.html 
b/user-guide/common-operations/basic-info.html
index 3e915d71..29bba054 100644
--- a/user-guide/common-operations/basic-info.html
+++ b/user-guide/common-operations/basic-info.html
@@ -456,11 +456,11 @@
 <span class="o">+-----+---------+--------+--------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">nrs</span> <span class="o">|</span> 
<span class="n">names</span>   <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">random</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">groups</span> 
<span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+-----+---------+--------+--------+</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">1</span>   <span class="o">|</span> 
<span class="n">python</span>  <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">958</span>    <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">A</span>      
<span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2</span>   <span class="o">|</span> 
<span class="n">ruby</span>    <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">220</span>    <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">A</span>      
<span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">3</span>   <span class="o">|</span> 
<span class="n">java</span>    <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">842</span>    <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">B</span>      
<span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">4</span>   <span class="o">|</span> 
<span class="n">haskell</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">940</span>    <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">C</span>      
<span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">5</span>   <span class="o">|</span> 
<span class="n">go</span>      <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">619</span>    <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">B</span>      
<span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">1</span>   <span class="o">|</span> 
<span class="n">python</span>  <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">504</span>    <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">A</span>      
<span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2</span>   <span class="o">|</span> 
<span class="n">ruby</span>    <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">61</span>     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">A</span>      
<span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">3</span>   <span class="o">|</span> 
<span class="n">java</span>    <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">253</span>    <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">B</span>      
<span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">4</span>   <span class="o">|</span> 
<span class="n">haskell</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">19</span>     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">C</span>      
<span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">5</span>   <span class="o">|</span> 
<span class="n">go</span>      <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">9</span>      <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">B</span>      
<span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+-----+---------+--------+--------+</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
@@ -471,8 +471,8 @@
 <span class="o">+-----+--------+--------+--------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">nrs</span> <span class="o">|</span> 
<span class="n">names</span>  <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">random</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">groups</span> 
<span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+-----+--------+--------+--------+</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">1</span>   <span class="o">|</span> 
<span class="n">python</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">958</span>    <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">A</span>      
<span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2</span>   <span class="o">|</span> 
<span class="n">ruby</span>   <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">220</span>    <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">A</span>      
<span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">1</span>   <span class="o">|</span> 
<span class="n">python</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">504</span>    <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">A</span>      
<span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2</span>   <span class="o">|</span> 
<span class="n">ruby</span>   <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">61</span>     <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">A</span>      
<span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+-----+--------+--------+--------+</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
@@ -490,28 +490,28 @@ passing them to an Arrow table, and then converting them 
to a pandas DataFrame.<
 <div class="highlight-ipython notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">In</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span 
class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">to_pandas</span><span class="p">()</span>
 <span class="n">Out</span><span class="p">[</span><span 
class="mi">8</span><span class="p">]:</span> 
    <span class="n">nrs</span>    <span class="n">names</span>  <span 
class="n">random</span> <span class="n">groups</span>
-<span class="mi">0</span>    <span class="mi">1</span>   <span 
class="n">python</span>     <span class="mi">958</span>      <span 
class="n">A</span>
-<span class="mi">1</span>    <span class="mi">2</span>     <span 
class="n">ruby</span>     <span class="mi">220</span>      <span 
class="n">A</span>
-<span class="mi">2</span>    <span class="mi">3</span>     <span 
class="n">java</span>     <span class="mi">842</span>      <span 
class="n">B</span>
-<span class="mi">3</span>    <span class="mi">4</span>  <span 
class="n">haskell</span>     <span class="mi">940</span>      <span 
class="n">C</span>
-<span class="mi">4</span>    <span class="mi">5</span>       <span 
class="n">go</span>     <span class="mi">619</span>      <span 
class="n">B</span>
+<span class="mi">0</span>    <span class="mi">1</span>   <span 
class="n">python</span>     <span class="mi">504</span>      <span 
class="n">A</span>
+<span class="mi">1</span>    <span class="mi">2</span>     <span 
class="n">ruby</span>      <span class="mi">61</span>      <span 
class="n">A</span>
+<span class="mi">2</span>    <span class="mi">3</span>     <span 
class="n">java</span>     <span class="mi">253</span>      <span 
class="n">B</span>
+<span class="mi">3</span>    <span class="mi">4</span>  <span 
class="n">haskell</span>      <span class="mi">19</span>      <span 
class="n">C</span>
+<span class="mi">4</span>    <span class="mi">5</span>       <span 
class="n">go</span>       <span class="mi">9</span>      <span 
class="n">B</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p><a class="reference internal" 
href="../../autoapi/datafusion/dataframe/index.html#datafusion.dataframe.DataFrame.describe"
 title="datafusion.dataframe.DataFrame.describe"><code class="xref py py-func 
docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">describe()</span></code></a> 
shows a quick statistic summary of your data:</p>
 <div class="highlight-ipython notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">In</span> <span 
class="p">[</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">]:</span> <span 
class="n">df</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">describe</span><span 
class="p">()</span>
 <span class="n">Out</span><span class="p">[</span><span 
class="mi">9</span><span class="p">]:</span> 
 <span class="n">DataFrame</span><span class="p">()</span>
-<span 
class="o">+------------+--------------------+-------+-------------------+--------+</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">describe</span>   <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">nrs</span>                <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">names</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">random</span>            <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">groups</span> <span class="o">|</span>
-<span 
class="o">+------------+--------------------+-------+-------------------+--------+</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">count</span>      <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mf">5.0</span>                <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">5</span>     <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mf">5.0</span>               <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">5</span>      <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">null_count</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span>                <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">0</span>     <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mf">0.0</span>               <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">0</span>      <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">mean</span>       <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mf">3.0</span>                <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">null</span>  <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mf">715.8</span>             <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">null</span>   <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">std</span>        <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mf">1.5811388300841898</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">null</span>  <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mf">308.2372462892828</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">null</span>   <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="nb">min</span>        <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span>                <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">go</span>    <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mf">220.0</span>             <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">A</span>      <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="nb">max</span>        <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mf">5.0</span>                <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">ruby</span>  <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mf">958.0</span>             <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">C</span>      <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">median</span>     <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mf">3.0</span>                <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">null</span>  <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mf">842.0</span>             <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">null</span>   <span class="o">|</span>
-<span 
class="o">+------------+--------------------+-------+-------------------+--------+</span>
+<span 
class="o">+------------+--------------------+-------+--------------------+--------+</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">describe</span>   <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">nrs</span>                <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">names</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">random</span>             <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">groups</span> <span class="o">|</span>
+<span 
class="o">+------------+--------------------+-------+--------------------+--------+</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">count</span>      <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mf">5.0</span>                <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">5</span>     <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mf">5.0</span>                <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">5</span>      <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">null_count</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span>                <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">0</span>     <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mf">0.0</span>                <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mi">0</span>      <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">mean</span>       <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mf">3.0</span>                <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">null</span>  <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mf">169.2</span>              <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">null</span>   <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">std</span>        <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mf">1.5811388300841898</span> <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">null</span>  <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mf">211.56842864662013</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">null</span>   <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="nb">min</span>        <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span>                <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">go</span>    <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mf">9.0</span>                <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">A</span>      <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="nb">max</span>        <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mf">5.0</span>                <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">ruby</span>  <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mf">504.0</span>              <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">C</span>      <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">median</span>     <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="mf">3.0</span>                <span 
class="o">|</span> <span class="n">null</span>  <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="mf">61.0</span>               <span class="o">|</span> <span 
class="n">null</span>   <span class="o">|</span>
+<span 
class="o">+------------+--------------------+-------+--------------------+--------+</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </section>
diff --git a/user-guide/common-operations/functions.html 
b/user-guide/common-operations/functions.html
index 8a02ede3..aafdc83a 100644
--- a/user-guide/common-operations/functions.html
+++ b/user-guide/common-operations/functions.html
@@ -566,16 +566,16 @@ In here we will cover some of the more popular use cases. 
If you want to view al
 <span class="o">+-------------------------------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">now</span><span class="p">()</span>   
                      <span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+-------------------------------+</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">51</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">03.219331723</span> <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">51</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">03.219331723</span> <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">51</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">03.219331723</span> <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">51</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">03.219331723</span> <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">51</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">03.219331723</span> <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">51</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">03.219331723</span> <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">51</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">03.219331723</span> <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">51</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">03.219331723</span> <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">51</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">03.219331723</span> <span class="o">|</span>
-<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">51</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">03.219331723</span> <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">52</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">01.621865136</span> <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">52</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">01.621865136</span> <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">52</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">01.621865136</span> <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">52</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">01.621865136</span> <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">52</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">01.621865136</span> <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">52</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">01.621865136</span> <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">52</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">01.621865136</span> <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">52</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">01.621865136</span> <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">52</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">01.621865136</span> <span class="o">|</span>
+<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2026</span><span 
class="o">-</span><span class="mi">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="mi">17</span><span class="n">T06</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mi">52</span><span class="p">:</span><span 
class="mf">01.621865136</span> <span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+-------------------------------+</span>
 <span class="n">Data</span> <span class="n">truncated</span><span 
class="o">.</span>
 </pre></div>


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