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ggregory pushed a commit to branch master
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-lang.git

commit 6540edfdc0b710f05316bbe6b4f0eb140dca317c
Author: Gary Gregory <garydgreg...@gmail.com>
AuthorDate: Wed Jan 24 22:38:24 2024 -0500

    Use final
    
    - Use method reference
    - Remove noisy parens
    - Format tweaks
    - Remove noisy block nesting
---
 .../java/org/apache/commons/lang3/BitField.java    |   2 +-
 .../java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharUtils.java   |   8 +-
 .../java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ClassUtils.java  |   2 +-
 .../java/org/apache/commons/lang3/Conversion.java  |  58 +++----
 .../java/org/apache/commons/lang3/EnumUtils.java   |   6 +-
 .../java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RandomUtils.java |   6 +-
 .../apache/commons/lang3/builder/Reflection.java   |   2 +-
 .../lang3/concurrent/AtomicInitializer.java        |   2 +-
 .../lang3/concurrent/AtomicSafeInitializer.java    |   2 +-
 .../lang3/concurrent/BackgroundInitializer.java    |   2 +-
 .../concurrent/CallableBackgroundInitializer.java  |   2 +-
 .../commons/lang3/concurrent/LazyInitializer.java  |   2 +-
 .../concurrent/MultiBackgroundInitializer.java     |   4 +-
 .../apache/commons/lang3/mutable/MutableLong.java  |   2 +-
 .../lang3/text/translate/UnicodeEscaper.java       |   8 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/lang3/time/GmtTimeZone.java |   4 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/lang3/time/StopWatch.java   |   2 +-
 .../apache/commons/lang3/ArrayUtilsRemoveTest.java |  18 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/lang3/ArrayUtilsTest.java   | 192 ++++++++++-----------
 .../java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharSetTest.java |   4 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/lang3/CharUtilsTest.java    |   4 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/lang3/ClassUtilsTest.java   |   2 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/lang3/EnumUtilsTest.java    |  40 ++---
 .../org/apache/commons/lang3/FunctionsTest.java    |  16 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/lang3/JavaVersionTest.java  |   2 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/lang3/LocaleUtilsTest.java  |   9 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtilsTest.java  |   2 +-
 .../commons/lang3/RandomStringUtilsTest.java       |   6 +-
 .../java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RangeTest.java   |   8 +-
 .../commons/lang3/StringEscapeUtilsTest.java       |   8 +-
 .../commons/lang3/StringUtilsContainsTest.java     |   8 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/lang3/SystemUtilsTest.java  |   8 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/lang3/ThreadUtilsTest.java  |   4 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/lang3/ValidateTest.java     |   6 +-
 .../commons/lang3/builder/HashCodeBuilderTest.java |   6 +-
 ...ionToStringBuilderCustomImplementationTest.java |   4 +-
 .../ReflectionToStringBuilderIncludeTest.java      |   6 +-
 .../lang3/builder/StandardToStringStyleTest.java   |  16 +-
 .../commons/lang3/builder/ToStringBuilderTest.java |   2 +-
 ...oncurrentInitializerCloseAndExceptionsTest.java |  12 +-
 .../AbstractConcurrentInitializerTest.java         |   2 +-
 .../concurrent/AtomicInitializerSupplierTest.java  |   2 +-
 .../lang3/concurrent/AtomicInitializerTest.java    |   3 +-
 .../AtomicSafeInitializerSupplierTest.java         |   3 +-
 .../concurrent/AtomicSafeInitializerTest.java      |   3 +-
 .../BackgroundInitializerSupplierTest.java         |  26 +--
 .../concurrent/LazyInitializerSupplierTest.java    |   2 +-
 .../MultiBackgroundInitializerSupplierTest.java    |  38 ++--
 .../concurrent/MultiBackgroundInitializerTest.java |  10 +-
 .../apache/commons/lang3/math/NumberUtilsTest.java |   2 +-
 .../lang3/mutable/PrintAtomicVsMutable.java        |   2 +-
 .../apache/commons/lang3/text/StrBuilderTest.java  |   8 +-
 .../commons/lang3/time/DateUtilsFragmentTest.java  |  76 ++++----
 .../lang3/time/DurationFormatUtilsTest.java        |   4 +-
 .../commons/lang3/time/FastDateParserTest.java     |   2 +-
 .../time/FastDateParser_TimeZoneStrategyTest.java  |   7 +-
 56 files changed, 340 insertions(+), 347 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/BitField.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/BitField.java
index 03f6339a3..1f3fe7651 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/BitField.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/BitField.java
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ public class BitField {
      *  parameter replacing the old bits
      */
     public int setValue(final int holder, final int value) {
-        return (holder & ~mask) | ((value << shiftCount) & mask);
+        return holder & ~mask | value << shiftCount & mask;
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharUtils.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharUtils.java
index b85366453..61c16b793 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharUtils.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharUtils.java
@@ -483,10 +483,10 @@ public class CharUtils {
      */
     public static String unicodeEscaped(final char ch) {
         return "\\u" +
-            HEX_DIGITS[(ch >> 12) & 15] +
-            HEX_DIGITS[(ch >> 8) & 15] +
-            HEX_DIGITS[(ch >> 4) & 15] +
-            HEX_DIGITS[(ch) & 15];
+            HEX_DIGITS[ch >> 12 & 15] +
+            HEX_DIGITS[ch >> 8 & 15] +
+            HEX_DIGITS[ch >> 4 & 15] +
+            HEX_DIGITS[ch & 15];
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ClassUtils.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ClassUtils.java
index 86a02730b..3d86aee84 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ClassUtils.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ClassUtils.java
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ public class ClassUtils {
      */
     public static Class<?> getClass(final ClassLoader classLoader, final 
String className, final boolean initialize) throws ClassNotFoundException {
         try {
-            Class<?> clazz = namePrimitiveMap.get(className);
+            final Class<?> clazz = namePrimitiveMap.get(className);
             return clazz != null ? clazz : 
Class.forName(toCanonicalName(className), initialize, classLoader);
         } catch (final ClassNotFoundException ex) {
             // allow path separators (.) as inner class name separators
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/Conversion.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/Conversion.java
index b2216e03d..1a07292dd 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/Conversion.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/Conversion.java
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ public class Conversion {
             final int shift = i + dstPos;
             final int bits = (src[i + srcPos] ? 1 : 0) << shift;
             final int mask = 0x1 << shift;
-            out = (byte) ((out & ~mask) | bits);
+            out = (byte) (out & ~mask | bits);
         }
         return out;
     }
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ public class Conversion {
             final int shift = i + dstPos;
             final int bits = (src[i + srcPos] ? 1 : 0) << shift;
             final int mask = 0x1 << shift;
-            out = (out & ~mask) | bits;
+            out = out & ~mask | bits;
         }
         return out;
     }
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ public class Conversion {
             final int shift = i + dstPos;
             final long bits = (src[i + srcPos] ? 1L : 0) << shift;
             final long mask = 0x1L << shift;
-            out = (out & ~mask) | bits;
+            out = out & ~mask | bits;
         }
         return out;
     }
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ public class Conversion {
             final int shift = i + dstPos;
             final int bits = (src[i + srcPos] ? 1 : 0) << shift;
             final int mask = 0x1 << shift;
-            out = (short) ((out & ~mask) | bits);
+            out = (short) (out & ~mask | bits);
         }
         return out;
     }
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ public class Conversion {
             final int shift = i * 8 + dstPos;
             final int bits = (0xff & src[i + srcPos]) << shift;
             final int mask = 0xff << shift;
-            out = (out & ~mask) | bits;
+            out = out & ~mask | bits;
         }
         return out;
     }
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ public class Conversion {
             final int shift = i * 8 + dstPos;
             final long bits = (0xffL & src[i + srcPos]) << shift;
             final long mask = 0xffL << shift;
-            out = (out & ~mask) | bits;
+            out = out & ~mask | bits;
         }
         return out;
     }
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ public class Conversion {
             final int shift = i * 8 + dstPos;
             final int bits = (0xff & src[i + srcPos]) << shift;
             final int mask = 0xff << shift;
-            out = (short) ((out & ~mask) | bits);
+            out = (short) (out & ~mask | bits);
         }
         return out;
     }
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ public class Conversion {
         }
         for (int i = 0; i < nBools; i++) {
             final int shift = i + srcPos;
-            dst[dstPos + i] = (0x1 & (src >> shift)) != 0;
+            dst[dstPos + i] = (0x1 & src >> shift) != 0;
         }
         return dst;
     }
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ public class Conversion {
         int append = sb.length();
         for (int i = 0; i < nHexs; i++) {
             final int shift = i * 4 + srcPos;
-            final int bits = 0xF & (src >> shift);
+            final int bits = 0xF & src >> shift;
             if (dstPos + i == append) {
                 ++append;
                 sb.append(intToHexDigit(bits));
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ public class Conversion {
             final int shift = i * 4 + dstPos;
             final int bits = (0xf & hexDigitToInt(src.charAt(i + srcPos))) << 
shift;
             final int mask = 0xf << shift;
-            out = (byte) ((out & ~mask) | bits);
+            out = (byte) (out & ~mask | bits);
         }
         return out;
     }
@@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ public class Conversion {
             final int shift = i * 4 + dstPos;
             final int bits = (0xf & hexDigitToInt(src.charAt(i + srcPos))) << 
shift;
             final int mask = 0xf << shift;
-            out = (out & ~mask) | bits;
+            out = out & ~mask | bits;
         }
         return out;
     }
@@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ public class Conversion {
             final int shift = i * 4 + dstPos;
             final long bits = (0xfL & hexDigitToInt(src.charAt(i + srcPos))) 
<< shift;
             final long mask = 0xfL << shift;
-            out = (out & ~mask) | bits;
+            out = out & ~mask | bits;
         }
         return out;
     }
@@ -894,7 +894,7 @@ public class Conversion {
             final int shift = i * 4 + dstPos;
             final int bits = (0xf & hexDigitToInt(src.charAt(i + srcPos))) << 
shift;
             final int mask = 0xf << shift;
-            out = (short) ((out & ~mask) | bits);
+            out = (short) (out & ~mask | bits);
         }
         return out;
     }
@@ -927,7 +927,7 @@ public class Conversion {
             final int shift = i * 32 + dstPos;
             final long bits = (0xffffffffL & src[i + srcPos]) << shift;
             final long mask = 0xffffffffL << shift;
-            out = (out & ~mask) | bits;
+            out = out & ~mask | bits;
         }
         return out;
     }
@@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ public class Conversion {
         }
         for (int i = 0; i < nBools; i++) {
             final int shift = i + srcPos;
-            dst[dstPos + i] = (0x1 & (src >> shift)) != 0;
+            dst[dstPos + i] = (0x1 & src >> shift) != 0;
         }
         return dst;
     }
@@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ public class Conversion {
         }
         for (int i = 0; i < nBytes; i++) {
             final int shift = i * 8 + srcPos;
-            dst[dstPos + i] = (byte) (0xff & (src >> shift));
+            dst[dstPos + i] = (byte) (0xff & src >> shift);
         }
         return dst;
     }
@@ -1018,7 +1018,7 @@ public class Conversion {
         int append = sb.length();
         for (int i = 0; i < nHexs; i++) {
             final int shift = i * 4 + srcPos;
-            final int bits = 0xF & (src >> shift);
+            final int bits = 0xF & src >> shift;
             if (dstPos + i == append) {
                 ++append;
                 sb.append(intToHexDigit(bits));
@@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ public class Conversion {
         }
         for (int i = 0; i < nShorts; i++) {
             final int shift = i * 16 + srcPos;
-            dst[dstPos + i] = (short) (0xffff & (src >> shift));
+            dst[dstPos + i] = (short) (0xffff & src >> shift);
         }
         return dst;
     }
@@ -1165,7 +1165,7 @@ public class Conversion {
         }
         for (int i = 0; i < nBools; i++) {
             final int shift = i + srcPos;
-            dst[dstPos + i] = (0x1 & (src >> shift)) != 0;
+            dst[dstPos + i] = (0x1 & src >> shift) != 0;
         }
         return dst;
     }
@@ -1195,7 +1195,7 @@ public class Conversion {
         }
         for (int i = 0; i < nBytes; i++) {
             final int shift = i * 8 + srcPos;
-            dst[dstPos + i] = (byte) (0xff & (src >> shift));
+            dst[dstPos + i] = (byte) (0xff & src >> shift);
         }
         return dst;
     }
@@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ public class Conversion {
         int append = sb.length();
         for (int i = 0; i < nHexs; i++) {
             final int shift = i * 4 + srcPos;
-            final int bits = (int) (0xF & (src >> shift));
+            final int bits = (int) (0xF & src >> shift);
             if (dstPos + i == append) {
                 ++append;
                 sb.append(intToHexDigit(bits));
@@ -1262,7 +1262,7 @@ public class Conversion {
         }
         for (int i = 0; i < nInts; i++) {
             final int shift = i * 32 + srcPos;
-            dst[dstPos + i] = (int) (0xffffffff & (src >> shift));
+            dst[dstPos + i] = (int) (0xffffffff & src >> shift);
         }
         return dst;
     }
@@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ public class Conversion {
         }
         for (int i = 0; i < nShorts; i++) {
             final int shift = i * 16 + srcPos;
-            dst[dstPos + i] = (short) (0xffff & (src >> shift));
+            dst[dstPos + i] = (short) (0xffff & src >> shift);
         }
         return dst;
     }
@@ -1325,7 +1325,7 @@ public class Conversion {
             final int shift = i * 16 + dstPos;
             final int bits = (0xffff & src[i + srcPos]) << shift;
             final int mask = 0xffff << shift;
-            out = (out & ~mask) | bits;
+            out = out & ~mask | bits;
         }
         return out;
     }
@@ -1358,7 +1358,7 @@ public class Conversion {
             final int shift = i * 16 + dstPos;
             final long bits = (0xffffL & src[i + srcPos]) << shift;
             final long mask = 0xffffL << shift;
-            out = (out & ~mask) | bits;
+            out = out & ~mask | bits;
         }
         return out;
     }
@@ -1386,10 +1386,10 @@ public class Conversion {
         if (nBools - 1 + srcPos >= 16) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("nBools-1+srcPos is greater or 
equal to than 16");
         }
-        assert (nBools - 1) < 16 - srcPos;
+        assert nBools - 1 < 16 - srcPos;
         for (int i = 0; i < nBools; i++) {
             final int shift = i + srcPos;
-            dst[dstPos + i] = (0x1 & (src >> shift)) != 0;
+            dst[dstPos + i] = (0x1 & src >> shift) != 0;
         }
         return dst;
     }
@@ -1419,7 +1419,7 @@ public class Conversion {
         }
         for (int i = 0; i < nBytes; i++) {
             final int shift = i * 8 + srcPos;
-            dst[dstPos + i] = (byte) (0xff & (src >> shift));
+            dst[dstPos + i] = (byte) (0xff & src >> shift);
         }
         return dst;
     }
@@ -1450,7 +1450,7 @@ public class Conversion {
         int append = sb.length();
         for (int i = 0; i < nHexs; i++) {
             final int shift = i * 4 + srcPos;
-            final int bits = 0xF & (src >> shift);
+            final int bits = 0xF & src >> shift;
             if (dstPos + i == append) {
                 ++append;
                 sb.append(intToHexDigit(bits));
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/EnumUtils.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/EnumUtils.java
index 1e171bb0c..2ccb2b6be 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/EnumUtils.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/EnumUtils.java
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ public class EnumUtils {
         Collections.addAll(condensed, values);
         final long[] result = new long[(enumClass.getEnumConstants().length - 
1) / Long.SIZE + 1];
         for (final E value : condensed) {
-            result[value.ordinal() / Long.SIZE] |= 1L << (value.ordinal() % 
Long.SIZE);
+            result[value.ordinal() / Long.SIZE] |= 1L << value.ordinal() % 
Long.SIZE;
         }
         ArrayUtils.reverse(result);
         return result;
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ public class EnumUtils {
         values.forEach(constant -> 
condensed.add(Objects.requireNonNull(constant, NULL_ELEMENTS_NOT_PERMITTED)));
         final long[] result = new long[(enumClass.getEnumConstants().length - 
1) / Long.SIZE + 1];
         for (final E value : condensed) {
-            result[value.ordinal() / Long.SIZE] |= 1L << (value.ordinal() % 
Long.SIZE);
+            result[value.ordinal() / Long.SIZE] |= 1L << value.ordinal() % 
Long.SIZE;
         }
         ArrayUtils.reverse(result);
         return result;
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ public class EnumUtils {
         ArrayUtils.reverse(lvalues);
         for (final E constant : enumClass.getEnumConstants()) {
             final int block = constant.ordinal() / Long.SIZE;
-            if (block < lvalues.length && (lvalues[block] & 1L << 
(constant.ordinal() % Long.SIZE)) != 0) {
+            if (block < lvalues.length && (lvalues[block] & 1L << 
constant.ordinal() % Long.SIZE) != 0) {
                 results.add(constant);
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RandomUtils.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RandomUtils.java
index 044c2c71f..66379c358 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RandomUtils.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RandomUtils.java
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ public class RandomUtils {
             return startInclusive;
         }
 
-        return startInclusive + ((endExclusive - startInclusive) * 
random().nextDouble());
+        return startInclusive + (endExclusive - startInclusive) * 
random().nextDouble();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ public class RandomUtils {
             return startInclusive;
         }
 
-        return startInclusive + ((endExclusive - startInclusive) * 
random().nextFloat());
+        return startInclusive + (endExclusive - startInclusive) * 
random().nextFloat();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ public class RandomUtils {
         do {
             bits = random().nextLong() >>> 1;
             val  = bits % n;
-        } while (bits - val + (n - 1) < 0);
+        } while (bits - val + n - 1 < 0);
 
         return val;
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/Reflection.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/Reflection.java
index 84208314c..fe7ade599 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/Reflection.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/Reflection.java
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ final class Reflection {
     static Object getUnchecked(final Field field, final Object obj) {
         try {
             return Objects.requireNonNull(field, "field").get(obj);
-        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+        } catch (final IllegalAccessException e) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
         }
     }
diff --git 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicInitializer.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicInitializer.java
index c02960f90..fb06a52b9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicInitializer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicInitializer.java
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ public class AtomicInitializer<T> extends 
AbstractConcurrentInitializer<T, Concu
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
-    protected ConcurrentException getTypedException(Exception e) {
+    protected ConcurrentException getTypedException(final Exception e) {
         return new ConcurrentException(e);
     }
 
diff --git 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicSafeInitializer.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicSafeInitializer.java
index aa715bcfd..165d5d0da 100644
--- 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicSafeInitializer.java
+++ 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicSafeInitializer.java
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ public class AtomicSafeInitializer<T> extends 
AbstractConcurrentInitializer<T, C
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
-    protected ConcurrentException getTypedException(Exception e) {
+    protected ConcurrentException getTypedException(final Exception e) {
         return new ConcurrentException(e);
     }
 
diff --git 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/BackgroundInitializer.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/BackgroundInitializer.java
index 4570be403..32a02b01d 100644
--- 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/BackgroundInitializer.java
+++ 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/BackgroundInitializer.java
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ public class BackgroundInitializer<T> extends 
AbstractConcurrentInitializer<T, E
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
-    protected Exception getTypedException(Exception e) {
+    protected Exception getTypedException(final Exception e) {
         //This Exception object will be used for type comparison in 
AbstractConcurrentInitializer.initialize but not thrown
         return new Exception(e);
     }
diff --git 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/CallableBackgroundInitializer.java
 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/CallableBackgroundInitializer.java
index b06789664..7ab80c053 100644
--- 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/CallableBackgroundInitializer.java
+++ 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/CallableBackgroundInitializer.java
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ public class CallableBackgroundInitializer<T> extends 
BackgroundInitializer<T> {
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
-    protected Exception getTypedException(Exception e) {
+    protected Exception getTypedException(final Exception e) {
         //This Exception object will be used for type comparison in 
AbstractConcurrentInitializer.initialize but not thrown
         return new Exception(e);
     }
diff --git 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/LazyInitializer.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/LazyInitializer.java
index 8570a104b..c638ceb69 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/LazyInitializer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/LazyInitializer.java
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ public class LazyInitializer<T> extends 
AbstractConcurrentInitializer<T, Concurr
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     @Override
-    protected ConcurrentException getTypedException(Exception e) {
+    protected ConcurrentException getTypedException(final Exception e) {
         return new ConcurrentException(e);
     }
 
diff --git 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/MultiBackgroundInitializer.java
 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/MultiBackgroundInitializer.java
index 532afd6e8..b4bf41740 100644
--- 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/MultiBackgroundInitializer.java
+++ 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/MultiBackgroundInitializer.java
@@ -288,10 +288,10 @@ public class MultiBackgroundInitializer
     public void close() throws ConcurrentException {
         ConcurrentException exception = null;
 
-        for (BackgroundInitializer<?> child : childInitializers.values()) {
+        for (final BackgroundInitializer<?> child : 
childInitializers.values()) {
             try {
                 child.close();
-            } catch (Exception e) {
+            } catch (final Exception e) {
                 if (exception == null) {
                     exception = new ConcurrentException();
                 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/mutable/MutableLong.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/mutable/MutableLong.java
index cec05aecd..cb60d4bc7 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/mutable/MutableLong.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/mutable/MutableLong.java
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ public class MutableLong extends Number implements 
Comparable<MutableLong>, Muta
      */
     @Override
     public int hashCode() {
-        return (int) (value ^ (value >>> 32));
+        return (int) (value ^ value >>> 32);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/text/translate/UnicodeEscaper.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/text/translate/UnicodeEscaper.java
index 25d76c005..bc0d9072d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/text/translate/UnicodeEscaper.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/text/translate/UnicodeEscaper.java
@@ -130,10 +130,10 @@ public class UnicodeEscaper extends CodePointTranslator {
             out.write(toUtf16Escape(codePoint));
         } else {
           out.write("\\u");
-          out.write(HEX_DIGITS[(codePoint >> 12) & 15]);
-          out.write(HEX_DIGITS[(codePoint >> 8) & 15]);
-          out.write(HEX_DIGITS[(codePoint >> 4) & 15]);
-          out.write(HEX_DIGITS[(codePoint) & 15]);
+          out.write(HEX_DIGITS[codePoint >> 12 & 15]);
+          out.write(HEX_DIGITS[codePoint >> 8 & 15]);
+          out.write(HEX_DIGITS[codePoint >> 4 & 15]);
+          out.write(HEX_DIGITS[codePoint & 15]);
         }
         return true;
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/GmtTimeZone.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/GmtTimeZone.java
index 6900deda4..81e3b9edc 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/GmtTimeZone.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/GmtTimeZone.java
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ final class GmtTimeZone extends TimeZone {
     static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
     private static StringBuilder twoDigits(final StringBuilder sb, final int 
n) {
-        return sb.append((char) ('0' + (n / 10))).append((char) ('0' + (n % 
10)));
+        return sb.append((char) ('0' + n / 10)).append((char) ('0' + n % 10));
     }
     private final int offset;
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ final class GmtTimeZone extends TimeZone {
         if (minutes >= MINUTES_PER_HOUR) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(minutes + " minutes out of 
range");
         }
-        final int milliseconds = (minutes + (hours * MINUTES_PER_HOUR)) * 
MILLISECONDS_PER_MINUTE;
+        final int milliseconds = (minutes + hours * MINUTES_PER_HOUR) * 
MILLISECONDS_PER_MINUTE;
         offset = negate ? -milliseconds : milliseconds;
         // @formatter:off
         zoneId = twoDigits(twoDigits(new StringBuilder(9)
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/StopWatch.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/StopWatch.java
index d71030e34..c4587c488 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/StopWatch.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/StopWatch.java
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ public class StopWatch {
      * @param nanos nanoseconds to convert.
      * @return milliseconds conversion result.
      */
-    private long nanosToMillis(long nanos) {
+    private long nanosToMillis(final long nanos) {
         return nanos / NANO_2_MILLIS;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ArrayUtilsRemoveTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ArrayUtilsRemoveTest.java
index bfdbcd1d9..9cbe26c4b 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ArrayUtilsRemoveTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ArrayUtilsRemoveTest.java
@@ -550,16 +550,16 @@ public class ArrayUtilsRemoveTest extends 
AbstractLangTest {
         double[] array;
         array = ArrayUtils.removeElement(null, (double) 1);
         assertNull(array);
-        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement(ArrayUtils.EMPTY_DOUBLE_ARRAY, 
(double) 1);
+        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement(ArrayUtils.EMPTY_DOUBLE_ARRAY, 1);
         assertArrayEquals(ArrayUtils.EMPTY_DOUBLE_ARRAY, array);
         assertEquals(Double.TYPE, array.getClass().getComponentType());
-        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement(new double[] {1}, (double) 1);
+        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement(new double[] {1}, 1);
         assertArrayEquals(ArrayUtils.EMPTY_DOUBLE_ARRAY, array);
         assertEquals(Double.TYPE, array.getClass().getComponentType());
-        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement(new double[] {1, 2}, (double) 1);
+        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement(new double[] {1, 2}, 1);
         assertArrayEquals(new double[]{2}, array);
         assertEquals(Double.TYPE, array.getClass().getComponentType());
-        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement(new double[] {1, 2, 1}, (double) 1);
+        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement(new double[] {1, 2, 1}, 1);
         assertArrayEquals(new double[]{2, 1}, array);
         assertEquals(Double.TYPE, array.getClass().getComponentType());
     }
@@ -568,18 +568,18 @@ public class ArrayUtilsRemoveTest extends 
AbstractLangTest {
     @SuppressWarnings("cast")
     public void testRemoveElementFloatArray() {
         float[] array;
-        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement((float[]) null, (float) 1);
+        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement((float[]) null, 1);
         assertNull(array);
-        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement(ArrayUtils.EMPTY_FLOAT_ARRAY, (float) 
1);
+        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement(ArrayUtils.EMPTY_FLOAT_ARRAY, 1);
         assertArrayEquals(ArrayUtils.EMPTY_FLOAT_ARRAY, array);
         assertEquals(Float.TYPE, array.getClass().getComponentType());
-        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement(new float[] {1}, (float) 1);
+        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement(new float[] {1}, 1);
         assertArrayEquals(ArrayUtils.EMPTY_FLOAT_ARRAY, array);
         assertEquals(Float.TYPE, array.getClass().getComponentType());
-        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement(new float[] {1, 2}, (float) 1);
+        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement(new float[] {1, 2}, 1);
         assertArrayEquals(new float[]{2}, array);
         assertEquals(Float.TYPE, array.getClass().getComponentType());
-        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement(new float[] {1, 2, 1}, (float) 1);
+        array = ArrayUtils.removeElement(new float[] {1, 2, 1}, 1);
         assertArrayEquals(new float[]{2, 1}, array);
         assertEquals(Float.TYPE, array.getClass().getComponentType());
     }
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ArrayUtilsTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ArrayUtilsTest.java
index 008b956b1..330ce9ea4 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ArrayUtilsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ArrayUtilsTest.java
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") // deliberate use of deprecated code
 public class ArrayUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
 
-    private final class TestClass {
+    private static final class TestClass {
         // empty
     }
 
@@ -284,13 +284,13 @@ public class ArrayUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
     @Test
     public void testContainsDouble() {
         double[] array = null;
-        assertFalse(ArrayUtils.contains(array, (double) 1));
+        assertFalse(ArrayUtils.contains(array, 1));
         array = new double[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 0};
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(array, (double) 0));
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(array, (double) 1));
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(array, (double) 2));
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(array, (double) 3));
-        assertFalse(ArrayUtils.contains(array, (double) 99));
+        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(array, 0));
+        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(array, 1));
+        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(array, 2));
+        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(array, 3));
+        assertFalse(ArrayUtils.contains(array, 99));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ public class ArrayUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
     @Test
     public void testContainsDoubleTolerance() {
         double[] array = null;
-        assertFalse(ArrayUtils.contains(array, (double) 1, (double) 0));
+        assertFalse(ArrayUtils.contains(array, 1, 0));
         array = new double[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 0};
         assertFalse(ArrayUtils.contains(array, 4.0, 0.33));
         assertFalse(ArrayUtils.contains(array, 2.5, 0.49));
@@ -317,13 +317,13 @@ public class ArrayUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
     @Test
     public void testContainsFloat() {
         float[] array = null;
-        assertFalse(ArrayUtils.contains(array, (float) 1));
+        assertFalse(ArrayUtils.contains(array, 1));
         array = new float[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 0};
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(array, (float) 0));
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(array, (float) 1));
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(array, (float) 2));
-        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(array, (float) 3));
-        assertFalse(ArrayUtils.contains(array, (float) 99));
+        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(array, 0));
+        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(array, 1));
+        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(array, 2));
+        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(array, 3));
+        assertFalse(ArrayUtils.contains(array, 99));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ public class ArrayUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
         array = new double[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 0};
         testSet.set(0);
         testSet.set(4);
-        assertEquals(testSet, ArrayUtils.indexesOf(array, (double) 0, 0.3));
+        assertEquals(testSet, ArrayUtils.indexesOf(array, 0, 0.3));
         testSet.clear();
         testSet.set(3);
         assertEquals(testSet, ArrayUtils.indexesOf(array, 4.15, 2.0));
@@ -755,14 +755,14 @@ public class ArrayUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
         double[] array = null;
         final BitSet emptySet = new BitSet();
         final BitSet testSet = new BitSet();
-        assertEquals(emptySet, ArrayUtils.indexesOf(array, (double) 0, 0, 
(double) 0));
+        assertEquals(emptySet, ArrayUtils.indexesOf(array, 0, 0, 0));
         array = new double[0];
-        assertEquals(emptySet, ArrayUtils.indexesOf(array, (double) 0, 0, 
(double) 0));
+        assertEquals(emptySet, ArrayUtils.indexesOf(array, 0, 0, 0));
         array = new double[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 0};
         testSet.set(4);
-        assertEquals(testSet, ArrayUtils.indexesOf(array, (double) 0, 1, 0.3));
+        assertEquals(testSet, ArrayUtils.indexesOf(array, 0, 1, 0.3));
         testSet.set(0);
-        assertEquals(testSet, ArrayUtils.indexesOf(array, (double) 0, 0, 0.3));
+        assertEquals(testSet, ArrayUtils.indexesOf(array, 0, 0, 0.3));
         testSet.clear();
         testSet.set(2);
         assertEquals(testSet, ArrayUtils.indexesOf(array, 2, 0, 0.35));
@@ -1070,16 +1070,16 @@ public class ArrayUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
     @Test
     public void testIndexOfDouble() {
         double[] array = null;
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 0));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0));
         array = new double[0];
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 0));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0));
         array = new double[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 0};
-        assertEquals(0, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 0));
-        assertEquals(1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 1));
-        assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 2));
-        assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 3));
-        assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 3, -1));
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 99));
+        assertEquals(0, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0));
+        assertEquals(1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 1));
+        assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 2));
+        assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 3));
+        assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 3, -1));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 99));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1099,7 +1099,7 @@ public class ArrayUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
         array = new double[0];
         assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 0, (double) 0));
         array = new double[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 0};
-        assertEquals(0, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 0, 0.3));
+        assertEquals(0, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0, 0.3));
         assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 2.2, 0.35));
         assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 4.15, 2.0));
         assertEquals(1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 1.00001324, 0.0001));
@@ -1109,29 +1109,29 @@ public class ArrayUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
     @Test
     public void testIndexOfDoubleWithStartIndex() {
         double[] array = null;
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 0, 2));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0, 2));
         array = new double[0];
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 0, 2));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0, 2));
         array = new double[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 0};
-        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 0, 2));
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 1, 2));
-        assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 2, 2));
-        assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 3, 2));
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 99, 0));
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 0, 6));
+        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0, 2));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 1, 2));
+        assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 2, 2));
+        assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 3, 2));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 99, 0));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0, 6));
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings("cast")
     @Test
     public void testIndexOfDoubleWithStartIndexTolerance() {
         double[] array = null;
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 0, 2, (double) 0));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0, 2, 0));
         array = new double[0];
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 0, 2, (double) 0));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0, 2, 0));
         array = new double[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 0};
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 0, 99, 0.3));
-        assertEquals(0, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 0, 0, 0.3));
-        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (double) 0, 3, 0.3));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0, 99, 0.3));
+        assertEquals(0, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0, 0, 0.3));
+        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0, 3, 0.3));
         assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 2.2, 0, 0.35));
         assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 4.15, 0, 2.0));
         assertEquals(1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 1.00001324, 0, 0.0001));
@@ -1143,15 +1143,15 @@ public class ArrayUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
     @Test
     public void testIndexOfFloat() {
         float[] array = null;
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (float) 0));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0));
         array = new float[0];
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (float) 0));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0));
         array = new float[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 0};
-        assertEquals(0, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (float) 0));
-        assertEquals(1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (float) 1));
-        assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (float) 2));
-        assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (float) 3));
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (float) 99));
+        assertEquals(0, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0));
+        assertEquals(1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 1));
+        assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 2));
+        assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 3));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 99));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1166,17 +1166,17 @@ public class ArrayUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
     @Test
     public void testIndexOfFloatWithStartIndex() {
         float[] array = null;
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (float) 0, 2));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0, 2));
         array = new float[0];
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (float) 0, 2));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0, 2));
         array = new float[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 0};
-        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (float) 0, 2));
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (float) 1, 2));
-        assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (float) 2, 2));
-        assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (float) 3, 2));
-        assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (float) 3, -1));
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (float) 99, 0));
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, (float) 0, 6));
+        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0, 2));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 1, 2));
+        assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 2, 2));
+        assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 3, 2));
+        assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 3, -1));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 99, 0));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.indexOf(array, 0, 6));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1762,15 +1762,15 @@ public class ArrayUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
     @Test
     public void testLastIndexOfDouble() {
         double[] array = null;
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 0));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0));
         array = new double[0];
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 0));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0));
         array = new double[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 0};
-        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 0));
-        assertEquals(1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 1));
-        assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 2));
-        assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 3));
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 99));
+        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0));
+        assertEquals(1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 1));
+        assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 2));
+        assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 3));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 99));
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings("cast")
@@ -1781,7 +1781,7 @@ public class ArrayUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
         array = new double[0];
         assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 0, (double) 
0));
         array = new double[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 0};
-        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 0, 0.3));
+        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0, 0.3));
         assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 2.2, 0.35));
         assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 4.15, 2.0));
         assertEquals(1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 1.00001324, 0.0001));
@@ -1791,31 +1791,31 @@ public class ArrayUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
     @Test
     public void testLastIndexOfDoubleWithStartIndex() {
         double[] array = null;
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 0, 2));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0, 2));
         array = new double[0];
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 0, 2));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0, 2));
         array = new double[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 0};
-        assertEquals(0, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 0, 2));
-        assertEquals(1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 1, 2));
-        assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 2, 2));
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 3, 2));
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 3, -1));
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 99));
-        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 0, 88));
+        assertEquals(0, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0, 2));
+        assertEquals(1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 1, 2));
+        assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 2, 2));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 3, 2));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 3, -1));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 99));
+        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0, 88));
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings("cast")
     @Test
     public void testLastIndexOfDoubleWithStartIndexTolerance() {
         double[] array = null;
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 0, 2, (double) 
0));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0, 2, 0));
         array = new double[0];
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 0, 2, (double) 
0));
-        array = new double[]{(double) 3};
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 1, 0, (double) 
0));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0, 2, 0));
+        array = new double[]{3};
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 1, 0, 0));
         array = new double[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 0};
-        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 0, 99, 0.3));
-        assertEquals(0, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (double) 0, 3, 0.3));
+        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0, 99, 0.3));
+        assertEquals(0, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0, 3, 0.3));
         assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 2.2, 3, 0.35));
         assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 4.15, array.length, 
2.0));
         assertEquals(1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 1.00001324, 
array.length, 0.0001));
@@ -1826,32 +1826,32 @@ public class ArrayUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
     @Test
     public void testLastIndexOfFloat() {
         float[] array = null;
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (float) 0));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0));
         array = new float[0];
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (float) 0));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0));
         array = new float[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 0};
-        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (float) 0));
-        assertEquals(1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (float) 1));
-        assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (float) 2));
-        assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (float) 3));
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (float) 99));
+        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0));
+        assertEquals(1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 1));
+        assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 2));
+        assertEquals(3, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 3));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 99));
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings("cast")
     @Test
     public void testLastIndexOfFloatWithStartIndex() {
         float[] array = null;
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (float) 0, 2));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0, 2));
         array = new float[0];
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (float) 0, 2));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0, 2));
         array = new float[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 0};
-        assertEquals(0, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (float) 0, 2));
-        assertEquals(1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (float) 1, 2));
-        assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (float) 2, 2));
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (float) 3, 2));
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (float) 3, -1));
-        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (float) 99));
-        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, (float) 0, 88));
+        assertEquals(0, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0, 2));
+        assertEquals(1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 1, 2));
+        assertEquals(2, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 2, 2));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 3, 2));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 3, -1));
+        assertEquals(-1, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 99));
+        assertEquals(4, ArrayUtils.lastIndexOf(array, 0, 88));
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharSetTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharSetTest.java
index 10427dba0..47fbda025 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharSetTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharSetTest.java
@@ -401,9 +401,9 @@ public class CharSetTest extends AbstractLangTest {
     @Test
     public void testGetInstance_Stringarray() {
         assertNull(CharSet.getInstance((String[]) null));
-        assertEquals("[]", CharSet.getInstance(new String[0]).toString());
+        assertEquals("[]", CharSet.getInstance().toString());
         assertEquals("[]", CharSet.getInstance(new String[] 
{null}).toString());
-        assertEquals("[a-e]", CharSet.getInstance(new String[] 
{"a-e"}).toString());
+        assertEquals("[a-e]", CharSet.getInstance("a-e").toString());
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharUtilsTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharUtilsTest.java
index aec0351f5..dea0d0042 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharUtilsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/CharUtilsTest.java
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ public class CharUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
         assertFalse(CharUtils.isAsciiAlpha(CHAR_COPY));
 
         for (int i = 0; i < 196; i++) {
-            if ((i >= 'A' && i <= 'Z') || (i >= 'a' && i <= 'z')) {
+            if (i >= 'A' && i <= 'Z' || i >= 'a' && i <= 'z') {
                 assertTrue(CharUtils.isAsciiAlpha((char) i));
             } else {
                 assertFalse(CharUtils.isAsciiAlpha((char) i));
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ public class CharUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
         assertFalse(CharUtils.isAsciiAlphanumeric(CHAR_COPY));
 
         for (int i = 0; i < 196; i++) {
-            if ((i >= 'A' && i <= 'Z') || (i >= 'a' && i <= 'z') || (i >= '0' 
&& i <= '9')) {
+            if (i >= 'A' && i <= 'Z' || i >= 'a' && i <= 'z' || i >= '0' && i 
<= '9') {
                 assertTrue(CharUtils.isAsciiAlphanumeric((char) i));
             } else {
                 assertFalse(CharUtils.isAsciiAlphanumeric((char) i));
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ClassUtilsTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ClassUtilsTest.java
index c77702b01..e1c5ac93f 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ClassUtilsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ClassUtilsTest.java
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ public class ClassUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
     }
 
     private static final class Inner {
-        private final class DeeplyNested {
+        private static final class DeeplyNested {
             // empty
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/EnumUtilsTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/EnumUtilsTest.java
index c465072e8..071a8aedb 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/EnumUtilsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/EnumUtilsTest.java
@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ public class EnumUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
             EnumUtils.generateBitVector(Traffic.class, EnumSet.of(Traffic.RED, 
Traffic.AMBER, Traffic.GREEN)));
 
         // 64 values Enum (to test whether no int<->long jdk conversion issue 
exists)
-        assertEquals((1L << 31), EnumUtils.generateBitVector(Enum64.class, 
EnumSet.of(Enum64.A31)));
-        assertEquals((1L << 32), EnumUtils.generateBitVector(Enum64.class, 
EnumSet.of(Enum64.A32)));
-        assertEquals((1L << 63), EnumUtils.generateBitVector(Enum64.class, 
EnumSet.of(Enum64.A63)));
+        assertEquals(1L << 31, EnumUtils.generateBitVector(Enum64.class, 
EnumSet.of(Enum64.A31)));
+        assertEquals(1L << 32, EnumUtils.generateBitVector(Enum64.class, 
EnumSet.of(Enum64.A32)));
+        assertEquals(1L << 63, EnumUtils.generateBitVector(Enum64.class, 
EnumSet.of(Enum64.A63)));
         assertEquals(Long.MIN_VALUE, EnumUtils.generateBitVector(Enum64.class, 
EnumSet.of(Enum64.A63)));
     }
 
@@ -145,9 +145,9 @@ public class EnumUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
             EnumUtils.generateBitVector(Traffic.class, Traffic.RED, 
Traffic.AMBER, Traffic.GREEN, Traffic.GREEN));
 
         // 64 values Enum (to test whether no int<->long jdk conversion issue 
exists)
-        assertEquals((1L << 31), EnumUtils.generateBitVector(Enum64.class, 
Enum64.A31));
-        assertEquals((1L << 32), EnumUtils.generateBitVector(Enum64.class, 
Enum64.A32));
-        assertEquals((1L << 63), EnumUtils.generateBitVector(Enum64.class, 
Enum64.A63));
+        assertEquals(1L << 31, EnumUtils.generateBitVector(Enum64.class, 
Enum64.A31));
+        assertEquals(1L << 32, EnumUtils.generateBitVector(Enum64.class, 
Enum64.A32));
+        assertEquals(1L << 63, EnumUtils.generateBitVector(Enum64.class, 
Enum64.A63));
         assertEquals(Long.MIN_VALUE, EnumUtils.generateBitVector(Enum64.class, 
Enum64.A63));
     }
 
@@ -164,15 +164,15 @@ public class EnumUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
             EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(Traffic.class, 
EnumSet.of(Traffic.RED, Traffic.AMBER, Traffic.GREEN)), 7L);
 
         // 64 values Enum (to test whether no int<->long jdk conversion issue 
exists)
-        assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(Enum64.class, 
EnumSet.of(Enum64.A31)), (1L << 31));
-        assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(Enum64.class, 
EnumSet.of(Enum64.A32)), (1L << 32));
-        assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(Enum64.class, 
EnumSet.of(Enum64.A63)), (1L << 63));
+        assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(Enum64.class, 
EnumSet.of(Enum64.A31)), 1L << 31);
+        assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(Enum64.class, 
EnumSet.of(Enum64.A32)), 1L << 32);
+        assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(Enum64.class, 
EnumSet.of(Enum64.A63)), 1L << 63);
         assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(Enum64.class, 
EnumSet.of(Enum64.A63)), Long.MIN_VALUE);
 
         // More than 64 values Enum
         assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(TooMany.class, 
EnumSet.of(TooMany.M2)), 1L, 0L);
         assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(TooMany.class, 
EnumSet.of(TooMany.L2, TooMany.M2)), 1L,
-            (1L << 63));
+            1L << 63);
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@@ -240,14 +240,14 @@ public class EnumUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
             EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(Traffic.class, Traffic.RED, 
Traffic.AMBER, Traffic.GREEN, Traffic.GREEN), 7L);
 
         // 64 values Enum (to test whether no int<->long jdk conversion issue 
exists)
-        assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(Enum64.class, 
Enum64.A31), (1L << 31));
-        assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(Enum64.class, 
Enum64.A32), (1L << 32));
-        assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(Enum64.class, 
Enum64.A63), (1L << 63));
+        assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(Enum64.class, 
Enum64.A31), 1L << 31);
+        assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(Enum64.class, 
Enum64.A32), 1L << 32);
+        assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(Enum64.class, 
Enum64.A63), 1L << 63);
         assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(Enum64.class, 
Enum64.A63), Long.MIN_VALUE);
 
         // More than 64 values Enum
         assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(TooMany.class, 
TooMany.M2), 1L, 0L);
-        assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(TooMany.class, 
TooMany.L2, TooMany.M2), 1L, (1L << 63));
+        assertArrayEquals(EnumUtils.generateBitVectors(TooMany.class, 
TooMany.L2, TooMany.M2), 1L, 1L << 63);
 
     }
 
@@ -473,9 +473,9 @@ public class EnumUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
             EnumUtils.processBitVector(Traffic.class, 7L));
 
         // 64 values Enum (to test whether no int<->long jdk conversion issue 
exists)
-        assertEquals(EnumSet.of(Enum64.A31), 
EnumUtils.processBitVector(Enum64.class, (1L << 31)));
-        assertEquals(EnumSet.of(Enum64.A32), 
EnumUtils.processBitVector(Enum64.class, (1L << 32)));
-        assertEquals(EnumSet.of(Enum64.A63), 
EnumUtils.processBitVector(Enum64.class, (1L << 63)));
+        assertEquals(EnumSet.of(Enum64.A31), 
EnumUtils.processBitVector(Enum64.class, 1L << 31));
+        assertEquals(EnumSet.of(Enum64.A32), 
EnumUtils.processBitVector(Enum64.class, 1L << 32));
+        assertEquals(EnumSet.of(Enum64.A63), 
EnumUtils.processBitVector(Enum64.class, 1L << 63));
         assertEquals(EnumSet.of(Enum64.A63), 
EnumUtils.processBitVector(Enum64.class, Long.MIN_VALUE));
     }
 
@@ -524,9 +524,9 @@ public class EnumUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
             EnumUtils.processBitVectors(Traffic.class, 666L, 7L));
 
         // 64 values Enum (to test whether no int<->long jdk conversion issue 
exists)
-        assertEquals(EnumSet.of(Enum64.A31), 
EnumUtils.processBitVectors(Enum64.class, (1L << 31)));
-        assertEquals(EnumSet.of(Enum64.A32), 
EnumUtils.processBitVectors(Enum64.class, (1L << 32)));
-        assertEquals(EnumSet.of(Enum64.A63), 
EnumUtils.processBitVectors(Enum64.class, (1L << 63)));
+        assertEquals(EnumSet.of(Enum64.A31), 
EnumUtils.processBitVectors(Enum64.class, 1L << 31));
+        assertEquals(EnumSet.of(Enum64.A32), 
EnumUtils.processBitVectors(Enum64.class, 1L << 32));
+        assertEquals(EnumSet.of(Enum64.A63), 
EnumUtils.processBitVectors(Enum64.class, 1L << 63));
         assertEquals(EnumSet.of(Enum64.A63), 
EnumUtils.processBitVectors(Enum64.class, Long.MIN_VALUE));
     }
 
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/FunctionsTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/FunctionsTest.java
index 9f767afda..138ad4298 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/FunctionsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/FunctionsTest.java
@@ -227,42 +227,42 @@ public class FunctionsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
 
         public void testDouble(final double i) throws Throwable {
             test(throwable);
-            acceptedPrimitiveObject1 = (P) ((Double) i);
+            acceptedPrimitiveObject1 = (P) (Double) i;
         }
 
         public double testDoubleDouble(final double i, final double j) throws 
Throwable {
             test(throwable);
-            acceptedPrimitiveObject1 = (P) ((Double) i);
-            acceptedPrimitiveObject2 = (P) ((Double) j);
+            acceptedPrimitiveObject1 = (P) (Double) i;
+            acceptedPrimitiveObject2 = (P) (Double) j;
             return 3d;
         }
 
         public void testInt(final int i) throws Throwable {
             test(throwable);
-            acceptedPrimitiveObject1 = (P) ((Integer) i);
+            acceptedPrimitiveObject1 = (P) (Integer) i;
         }
 
         public void testLong(final long i) throws Throwable {
             test(throwable);
-            acceptedPrimitiveObject1 = (P) ((Long) i);
+            acceptedPrimitiveObject1 = (P) (Long) i;
         }
 
         public void testObjDouble(final T object, final double i) throws 
Throwable {
             test(throwable);
             acceptedObject = object;
-            acceptedPrimitiveObject1 = (P) ((Double) i);
+            acceptedPrimitiveObject1 = (P) (Double) i;
         }
 
         public void testObjInt(final T object, final int i) throws Throwable {
             test(throwable);
             acceptedObject = object;
-            acceptedPrimitiveObject1 = (P) ((Integer) i);
+            acceptedPrimitiveObject1 = (P) (Integer) i;
         }
 
         public void testObjLong(final T object, final long i) throws Throwable 
{
             test(throwable);
             acceptedObject = object;
-            acceptedPrimitiveObject1 = (P) ((Long) i);
+            acceptedPrimitiveObject1 = (P) (Long) i;
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/JavaVersionTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/JavaVersionTest.java
index fc08d8d8a..07acb1e9b 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/JavaVersionTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/JavaVersionTest.java
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public class JavaVersionTest extends AbstractLangTest {
         assertEquals(JAVA_1_7, get("1.7"), "1.7 failed");
         assertEquals(JAVA_1_8, get("1.8"), "1.8 failed");
 
-        int lastSupportedVersion = 
Integer.parseInt(JavaVersion.values()[JavaVersion.values().length - 
2].toString());
+        final int lastSupportedVersion = 
Integer.parseInt(JavaVersion.values()[JavaVersion.values().length - 
2].toString());
         for (int i = 9; i <= lastSupportedVersion; i++) {
             assertEquals(JavaVersion.class.getField("JAVA_" + i).get(null), 
get("" + i), i + " failed");
         }
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/LocaleUtilsTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/LocaleUtilsTest.java
index 3ffc4288a..c1f7500c3 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/LocaleUtilsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/LocaleUtilsTest.java
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -71,11 +70,9 @@ public class LocaleUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
         assertSame(list, list2);
         //search through languages
         for (final String country : countries) {
-            final Iterator<Locale> iterator = list.iterator();
             boolean found = false;
             // see if it was returned by the set
-            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
-                final Locale locale = iterator.next();
+            for (Locale locale : list) {
                 // should have an en empty variant
                 assertTrue(StringUtils.isEmpty(locale.getVariant()));
                 assertEquals(language, locale.getLanguage());
@@ -105,11 +102,9 @@ public class LocaleUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
         assertSame(list, list2);
         //search through languages
         for (final String language : languages) {
-            final Iterator<Locale> iterator = list.iterator();
             boolean found = false;
             // see if it was returned by the set
-            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
-                final Locale locale = iterator.next();
+            for (Locale locale : list) {
                 // should have an en empty variant
                 assertTrue(StringUtils.isEmpty(locale.getVariant()));
                 assertEquals(country, locale.getCountry());
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtilsTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtilsTest.java
index bc080cacb..e39df47f3 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtilsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ObjectUtilsTest.java
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ public class ObjectUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
 
         assertThrows(
                 NullPointerException.class,
-                () -> ObjectUtils.identityToString((Appendable) (new 
StringBuilder()), null));
+                () -> ObjectUtils.identityToString((Appendable) new 
StringBuilder(), null));
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RandomStringUtilsTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RandomStringUtilsTest.java
index bc6a33287..0fb479fa6 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RandomStringUtilsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RandomStringUtilsTest.java
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public class RandomStringUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
     private double chiSquare(final int[] expected, final int[] observed) {
         double sumSq = 0.0d;
         for (int i = 0; i < observed.length; i++) {
-            double dev = observed[i] - expected[i];
+            final double dev = observed[i] - expected[i];
             sumSq += dev * dev / expected[i];
         }
         return sumSq;
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ public class RandomStringUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest 
{
         r1 = RandomStringUtils.randomAscii(50);
         assertEquals(50, r1.length(), "randomAscii(50) length");
         for (int i = 0; i < r1.length(); i++) {
-            assertThat("char >= 32 && <= 127", ((int) r1.charAt(i)), 
allOf(greaterThanOrEqualTo(32), lessThanOrEqualTo(127)));
+            assertThat("char >= 32 && <= 127", (int) r1.charAt(i), 
allOf(greaterThanOrEqualTo(32), lessThanOrEqualTo(127)));
         }
         r2 = RandomStringUtils.randomAscii(50);
         assertFalse(r1.equals(r2), "!r1.equals(r2)");
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ public class RandomStringUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest 
{
         final int[] counts = {0, 0, 0};
         final int[] expected = {200, 200, 200};
         for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
-            String gen = RandomStringUtils.random(6, chars);
+            final String gen = RandomStringUtils.random(6, chars);
             for (int j = 0; j < 6; j++) {
                 switch (gen.charAt(j)) {
                     case 'a': {
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RangeTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RangeTest.java
index 619688525..3d269b421 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RangeTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/RangeTest.java
@@ -117,16 +117,16 @@ public class RangeTest extends AbstractLangTest {
         final DerivedComparableA derivedComparableA = new DerivedComparableA();
         final DerivedComparableB derivedComparableB = new DerivedComparableB();
 
-        Range<AbstractComparable> mixed = Range.between(derivedComparableA, 
derivedComparableB, null);
+        final Range<AbstractComparable> mixed = 
Range.between(derivedComparableA, derivedComparableB, null);
         assertTrue(mixed.contains(derivedComparableA));
 
-        Range<AbstractComparable> same = Range.between(derivedComparableA, 
derivedComparableA, null);
+        final Range<AbstractComparable> same = 
Range.between(derivedComparableA, derivedComparableA, null);
         assertTrue(same.contains(derivedComparableA));
 
-        Range<DerivedComparableA> rangeA = Range.between(derivedComparableA, 
derivedComparableA, null);
+        final Range<DerivedComparableA> rangeA = 
Range.between(derivedComparableA, derivedComparableA, null);
         assertTrue(rangeA.contains(derivedComparableA));
 
-        Range<DerivedComparableB> rangeB = Range.is(derivedComparableB, null);
+        final Range<DerivedComparableB> rangeB = Range.is(derivedComparableB, 
null);
         assertTrue(rangeB.contains(derivedComparableB));
     }
 
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringEscapeUtilsTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringEscapeUtilsTest.java
index faa6544cf..8d9ce0d9d 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringEscapeUtilsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringEscapeUtilsTest.java
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public class StringEscapeUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
 
     private void assertEscapeJava(String message, final String expected, final 
String original) throws IOException {
         final String converted = StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava(original);
-        message = "escapeJava(String) failed" + (message == null ? "" : (": " 
+ message));
+        message = "escapeJava(String) failed" + (message == null ? "" : ": " + 
message);
         assertEquals(expected, converted, message);
 
         final StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ public class StringEscapeUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
 
         assertEquals(expected, actual,
                 "unescape(String) failed" +
-                (message == null ? "" : (": " + message)) +
+                (message == null ? "" : ": " + message) +
                 ": expected '" + StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava(expected) +
                 // we escape this so we can see it in the error message
                 "' actual '" + StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava(actual) + "'");
@@ -488,8 +488,8 @@ public class StringEscapeUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest 
{
             final Character c1 = Character.valueOf(i);
             final Character c2 = Character.valueOf((char) (i+1));
             final String expected = c1.toString() + c2;
-            final String escapedC1 = "&#x" + 
Integer.toHexString((c1.charValue())) + ";";
-            final String escapedC2 = "&#x" + 
Integer.toHexString((c2.charValue())) + ";";
+            final String escapedC1 = "&#x" + 
Integer.toHexString(c1.charValue()) + ";";
+            final String escapedC2 = "&#x" + 
Integer.toHexString(c2.charValue()) + ";";
             assertEquals(expected, StringEscapeUtils.unescapeHtml4(escapedC1 + 
escapedC2), "hex number unescape index " + (int) i);
         }
     }
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringUtilsContainsTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringUtilsContainsTest.java
index 87c5548df..4d8cc1a3e 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringUtilsContainsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/StringUtilsContainsTest.java
@@ -167,10 +167,10 @@ public class StringUtilsContainsTest extends 
AbstractLangTest {
         assertFalse(StringUtils.containsAny("", new String[] { "hello" }));
         assertFalse(StringUtils.containsAny("hello, goodbye", (String[]) 
null));
         assertFalse(StringUtils.containsAny("hello, goodbye", new String[0]));
-        assertTrue(StringUtils.containsAny("hello, goodbye", new 
String[]{"hello", "goodbye"}));
-        assertTrue(StringUtils.containsAny("hello, goodbye", new 
String[]{"hello", "Goodbye"}));
-        assertFalse(StringUtils.containsAny("hello, goodbye", new 
String[]{"Hello", "Goodbye"}));
-        assertFalse(StringUtils.containsAny("hello, goodbye", new 
String[]{"Hello", null}));
+        assertTrue(StringUtils.containsAny("hello, goodbye", new String[] { 
"hello", "goodbye" }));
+        assertTrue(StringUtils.containsAny("hello, goodbye", new String[] { 
"hello", "Goodbye" }));
+        assertFalse(StringUtils.containsAny("hello, goodbye", new String[] { 
"Hello", "Goodbye" }));
+        assertFalse(StringUtils.containsAny("hello, goodbye", new String[] { 
"Hello", null }));
         assertFalse(StringUtils.containsAny("hello, null", new String[] { 
"Hello", null }));
         // Javadoc examples:
         assertTrue(StringUtils.containsAny("abcd", "ab", null));
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/SystemUtilsTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/SystemUtilsTest.java
index 61140d063..775810078 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/SystemUtilsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/SystemUtilsTest.java
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public class SystemUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
     /**
      * Returns the value of the SystemUtils.IS_JAVA_X field for the versions 
>= 9.
      */
-    private boolean getIS_JAVA(int version) throws Exception {
+    private boolean getIS_JAVA(final int version) throws Exception {
         return SystemUtils.class.getField("IS_JAVA_" + 
version).getBoolean(null);
     }
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ public class SystemUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
     public int getLastSupportedJavaVersion() {
         int lastSupportedVersion = 0;
 
-        for (Field field : SystemUtils.class.getFields()) {
+        for (final Field field : SystemUtils.class.getFields()) {
             if (field.getName().matches("IS_JAVA_\\d+")) {
                 lastSupportedVersion = Math.max(lastSupportedVersion, 
Integer.parseInt(field.getName().substring(8)));
             }
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ public class SystemUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
     @Test
     @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
     public void test_IS_JAVA() throws Exception {
-        String javaVersion = SystemUtils.JAVA_VERSION;
-        int lastSupportedVersion = getLastSupportedJavaVersion();
+        final String javaVersion = SystemUtils.JAVA_VERSION;
+        final int lastSupportedVersion = getLastSupportedJavaVersion();
 
         if (javaVersion == null) {
             assertFalse(SystemUtils.IS_JAVA_1_1);
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ThreadUtilsTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ThreadUtilsTest.java
index 17943a45f..6469502bf 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ThreadUtilsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ThreadUtilsTest.java
@@ -155,14 +155,14 @@ public class ThreadUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
     @Test
     public void testGetAllThreadGroupsDoesNotReturnNull() {
         // LANG-1706 getAllThreadGroups and findThreadGroups should not return 
null items
-        Collection<ThreadGroup> threads = ThreadUtils.getAllThreadGroups();
+        final Collection<ThreadGroup> threads = 
ThreadUtils.getAllThreadGroups();
         assertEquals(0, threads.stream().filter(Objects::isNull).count());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testGetAllThreadsDoesNotReturnNull() {
         // LANG-1706 getAllThreads and findThreads should not return null items
-        Collection<Thread> threads = ThreadUtils.getAllThreads();
+        final Collection<Thread> threads = ThreadUtils.getAllThreads();
         assertEquals(0, threads.stream().filter(Objects::isNull).count());
     }
 
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ValidateTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ValidateTest.java
index 7b0ac4bdf..28877f99d 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ValidateTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/ValidateTest.java
@@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ public class ValidateTest extends AbstractLangTest {
 
                 @Test
                 void shouldReturnSameInstance() {
-                    final String[] expected = new String[] {"a", "b"};
+                    final String[] expected = {"a", "b"};
                     assertSame(expected, Validate.noNullElements(expected));
                 }
 
@@ -1032,7 +1032,7 @@ public class ValidateTest extends AbstractLangTest {
 
                 @Test
                 void shouldReturnTheSameInstance() {
-                    final String[] expected = new String[] {"hi"};
+                    final String[] expected = {"hi"};
                     assertSame(expected, Validate.notEmpty(expected, "MSG"));
                 }
 
@@ -1059,7 +1059,7 @@ public class ValidateTest extends AbstractLangTest {
 
                 @Test
                 void shouldReturnTheSameInstance() {
-                    final String[] expected = new String[] {"hi"};
+                    final String[] expected = {"hi"};
                     assertSame(expected, Validate.notEmpty(expected));
                 }
 
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/HashCodeBuilderTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/HashCodeBuilderTest.java
index f13e7cc21..e1361b9c7 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/HashCodeBuilderTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/HashCodeBuilderTest.java
@@ -128,13 +128,13 @@ public class HashCodeBuilderTest extends AbstractLangTest 
{
 
     static class TestObjectWithMultipleFields {
         @SuppressWarnings("unused")
-        private int one;
+        private final int one;
 
         @SuppressWarnings("unused")
-        private int two;
+        private final int two;
 
         @SuppressWarnings("unused")
-        private int three;
+        private final int three;
 
         TestObjectWithMultipleFields(final int one, final int two, final int 
three) {
             this.one = one;
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/ReflectionToStringBuilderCustomImplementationTest.java
 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/ReflectionToStringBuilderCustomImplementationTest.java
index dd1acdd58..de345fe05 100644
--- 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/ReflectionToStringBuilderCustomImplementationTest.java
+++ 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/ReflectionToStringBuilderCustomImplementationTest.java
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ public class 
ReflectionToStringBuilderCustomImplementationTest extends AbstractL
 
         private static final String CUSTOM_PREFIX = "prefix:";
 
-        public CustomReflectionToStringBuilder(Object object, ToStringStyle 
toStringStyle) {
+        public CustomReflectionToStringBuilder(final Object object, final 
ToStringStyle toStringStyle) {
             super(object, toStringStyle);
         }
 
         @Override
-        protected Object getValue(Field field) throws IllegalAccessException {
+        protected Object getValue(final Field field) throws 
IllegalAccessException {
             return CUSTOM_PREFIX + super.getValue(field);
         }
     }
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/ReflectionToStringBuilderIncludeTest.java
 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/ReflectionToStringBuilderIncludeTest.java
index f94cea831..f4f2d0a28 100644
--- 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/ReflectionToStringBuilderIncludeTest.java
+++ 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/ReflectionToStringBuilderIncludeTest.java
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ public class ReflectionToStringBuilderIncludeTest extends 
AbstractLangTest {
 
     @Test
     public void test_toStringIncludeNullArrayMultiplesValues() {
-        final String toString = ReflectionToStringBuilder.toStringInclude(new 
TestFeature(), new String[] {null, null, null, null});
+        final String toString = ReflectionToStringBuilder.toStringInclude(new 
TestFeature(), null, null, null, null);
         this.validateAllFieldsPresent(toString);
     }
 
@@ -193,8 +193,8 @@ public class ReflectionToStringBuilderIncludeTest extends 
AbstractLangTest {
     @Test
     public void test_toStringSetIncludeWithArrayWithMultipleNullFields() {
         final ReflectionToStringBuilder builder = new 
ReflectionToStringBuilder(new TestFeature());
-        builder.setExcludeFieldNames(new String[] {FIELDS[1], FIELDS[4]});
-        builder.setIncludeFieldNames(new String[] {null, null, null});
+        builder.setExcludeFieldNames(FIELDS[1], FIELDS[4]);
+        builder.setIncludeFieldNames(null, null, null);
         final String toString = builder.toString();
         this.validateIncludeFieldsPresent(toString, new String[]{FIELDS[0], 
FIELDS[2], FIELDS[3]}, new String[]{VALUES[0], VALUES[2], VALUES[3]});
     }
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/StandardToStringStyleTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/StandardToStringStyleTest.java
index 8f6d6d169..dbbf0f4fc 100644
--- 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/StandardToStringStyleTest.java
+++ 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/StandardToStringStyleTest.java
@@ -123,42 +123,42 @@ public class StandardToStringStyleTest extends 
AbstractLangTest {
 
     @Test
     public void testDefaultIsArrayContentDetail() {
-        assertTrue((new StandardToStringStyle()).isArrayContentDetail());
+        assertTrue(new StandardToStringStyle().isArrayContentDetail());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDefaultIsFieldSeparatorAtEnd() {
-        assertFalse((new StandardToStringStyle()).isFieldSeparatorAtEnd());
+        assertFalse(new StandardToStringStyle().isFieldSeparatorAtEnd());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDefaultIsFieldSeparatorAtStart() {
-        assertFalse((new StandardToStringStyle()).isFieldSeparatorAtStart());
+        assertFalse(new StandardToStringStyle().isFieldSeparatorAtStart());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDefaultValueOfFullDetail() {
-        assertTrue((new StandardToStringStyle()).isDefaultFullDetail());
+        assertTrue(new StandardToStringStyle().isDefaultFullDetail());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDefaultValueOfUseClassName() {
-        assertTrue((new StandardToStringStyle()).isUseClassName());
+        assertTrue(new StandardToStringStyle().isUseClassName());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDefaultValueOfUseFieldNames() {
-        assertTrue((new StandardToStringStyle()).isUseFieldNames());
+        assertTrue(new StandardToStringStyle().isUseFieldNames());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDefaultValueOfUseIdentityHashCode() {
-        assertTrue((new StandardToStringStyle()).isUseIdentityHashCode());
+        assertTrue(new StandardToStringStyle().isUseIdentityHashCode());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testDefaultValueOfUseShortClassName() {
-        assertFalse((new StandardToStringStyle()).isUseShortClassName());
+        assertFalse(new StandardToStringStyle().isUseShortClassName());
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/ToStringBuilderTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/ToStringBuilderTest.java
index d84351e99..6eb0bd561 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/ToStringBuilderTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/builder/ToStringBuilderTest.java
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ public class ToStringBuilderTest extends AbstractLangTest {
 
     @Test
     public void testAppendAsObjectToStringNullPointerException() {
-        ToStringBuilder builder = new ToStringBuilder(1);
+        final ToStringBuilder builder = new ToStringBuilder(1);
         assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> 
builder.appendAsObjectToString(null));
         builder.toString();
     }
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AbstractConcurrentInitializerCloseAndExceptionsTest.java
 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AbstractConcurrentInitializerCloseAndExceptionsTest.java
index 5f95c435d..46521017b 100644
--- 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AbstractConcurrentInitializerCloseAndExceptionsTest.java
+++ 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AbstractConcurrentInitializerCloseAndExceptionsTest.java
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public abstract class 
AbstractConcurrentInitializerCloseAndExceptionsTest extend
 
     // The use of enums rather than accepting an Exception as the input means 
we can have
     // multiple exception types on the method signature.
-    protected static CloseableObject 
methodThatThrowsException(ExceptionToThrow input) throws IOException, 
SQLException, ConcurrentException {
+    protected static CloseableObject methodThatThrowsException(final 
ExceptionToThrow input) throws IOException, SQLException, ConcurrentException {
         switch (input) {
         case IOException:
             throw new IOException();
@@ -87,12 +87,12 @@ public abstract class 
AbstractConcurrentInitializerCloseAndExceptionsTest extend
     public void testCloserThrowsCheckedException() throws ConcurrentException {
         final ConcurrentInitializer<CloseableObject> initializer = 
createInitializerThatThrowsException(
                 CloseableObject::new,
-                (CloseableObject) -> 
methodThatThrowsException(ExceptionToThrow.IOException));
+                CloseableObject -> 
methodThatThrowsException(ExceptionToThrow.IOException));
         try {
             initializer.get();
             ((AbstractConcurrentInitializer) initializer).close();
             fail();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
             assertThat(e, instanceOf(ConcurrentException.class));
             assertThat(e.getCause(), instanceOf(IOException.class));
         }
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ public abstract class 
AbstractConcurrentInitializerCloseAndExceptionsTest extend
     public void testCloserThrowsRuntimeException() throws ConcurrentException {
         final ConcurrentInitializer<CloseableObject> initializer = 
createInitializerThatThrowsException(
                 CloseableObject::new,
-                (CloseableObject) -> 
methodThatThrowsException(ExceptionToThrow.NullPointerException));
+                CloseableObject -> 
methodThatThrowsException(ExceptionToThrow.NullPointerException));
 
         initializer.get();
         assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ public abstract class 
AbstractConcurrentInitializerCloseAndExceptionsTest extend
         try {
             initializer.get();
             fail();
-        } catch (ConcurrentException e) {
+        } catch (final ConcurrentException e) {
             assertEquals(concurrentException, e);
         }
     }
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ public abstract class 
AbstractConcurrentInitializerCloseAndExceptionsTest extend
                 CloseableObject::new,
                 CloseableObject::close);
 
-        CloseableObject closeableObject = initializer.get();
+        final CloseableObject closeableObject = initializer.get();
         assertFalse(closeableObject.isClosed());
         ((AbstractConcurrentInitializer) initializer).close();
         assertTrue(closeableObject.isClosed());
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AbstractConcurrentInitializerTest.java
 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AbstractConcurrentInitializerTest.java
index f712e700f..f2b8517ee 100644
--- 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AbstractConcurrentInitializerTest.java
+++ 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AbstractConcurrentInitializerTest.java
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractConcurrentInitializerTest 
extends AbstractLangTest
     public void testisInitialized() throws Throwable {
         final ConcurrentInitializer<Object> initializer = createInitializer();
         if (initializer instanceof AbstractConcurrentInitializer) {
-            AbstractConcurrentInitializer castedInitializer = 
(AbstractConcurrentInitializer) initializer;
+            final AbstractConcurrentInitializer castedInitializer = 
(AbstractConcurrentInitializer) initializer;
             assertFalse(castedInitializer.isInitialized(), "was initialized 
before get()");
             assertNotNull(castedInitializer.get(), "No managed object");
             assertTrue(castedInitializer.isInitialized(), "was not initialized 
after get()");
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicInitializerSupplierTest.java
 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicInitializerSupplierTest.java
index 41413ff84..fddbf280d 100644
--- 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicInitializerSupplierTest.java
+++ 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicInitializerSupplierTest.java
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ public class AtomicInitializerSupplierTest extends 
AbstractConcurrentInitializer
      */
     @Override
     protected ConcurrentInitializer<Object> createInitializer() {
-        return AtomicInitializer.<Object>builder().setInitializer(() -> new 
Object()).get();
+        return 
AtomicInitializer.<Object>builder().setInitializer(Object::new).get();
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicInitializerTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicInitializerTest.java
index cdf42bd1a..a8e9d54d8 100644
--- 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicInitializerTest.java
+++ 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicInitializerTest.java
@@ -50,9 +50,8 @@ public class AtomicInitializerTest extends 
AbstractConcurrentInitializerTest {
             protected Object initialize() {
                 if (firstRun.getAndSet(false)) {
                     return null;
-                } else {
-                    return new Object();
                 }
+                return new Object();
             }
         };
 
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicSafeInitializerSupplierTest.java
 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicSafeInitializerSupplierTest.java
index ffaa385a2..26554b5e1 100644
--- 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicSafeInitializerSupplierTest.java
+++ 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicSafeInitializerSupplierTest.java
@@ -72,9 +72,8 @@ public class AtomicSafeInitializerSupplierTest extends 
AbstractConcurrentInitial
             protected Object initialize() {
                 if (firstRun.getAndSet(false)) {
                     return null;
-                } else {
-                    return new Object();
                 }
+                return new Object();
             }
         };
 
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicSafeInitializerTest.java
 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicSafeInitializerTest.java
index 4cf02f8c8..171809823 100644
--- 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicSafeInitializerTest.java
+++ 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/AtomicSafeInitializerTest.java
@@ -74,9 +74,8 @@ public class AtomicSafeInitializerTest extends 
AbstractConcurrentInitializerTest
             protected Object initialize() {
                 if (firstRun.getAndSet(false)) {
                     return null;
-                } else {
-                    return new Object();
                 }
+                return new Object();
             }
         };
 
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/BackgroundInitializerSupplierTest.java
 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/BackgroundInitializerSupplierTest.java
index 73302f089..27f9bead5 100644
--- 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/BackgroundInitializerSupplierTest.java
+++ 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/BackgroundInitializerSupplierTest.java
@@ -40,29 +40,27 @@ public class BackgroundInitializerSupplierTest extends 
BackgroundInitializerTest
     protected static final class SupplierBackgroundInitializerTestImpl extends 
AbstractBackgroundInitializerTestImpl {
 
         SupplierBackgroundInitializerTestImpl() {
-            super();
-            setSupplierAndCloser((CloseableCounter cc) -> cc.close());
+            setSupplierAndCloser((final CloseableCounter cc) -> cc.close());
         }
 
         SupplierBackgroundInitializerTestImpl(final ExecutorService exec) {
             super(exec);
-            setSupplierAndCloser((CloseableCounter cc) -> cc.close());
+            setSupplierAndCloser((final CloseableCounter cc) -> cc.close());
         }
 
-        SupplierBackgroundInitializerTestImpl(FailableConsumer<?, ?> consumer) 
{
-            super();
+        SupplierBackgroundInitializerTestImpl(final FailableConsumer<?, ?> 
consumer) {
             setSupplierAndCloser(consumer);
         }
 
-        private void setSupplierAndCloser(FailableConsumer<?, ?> consumer) {
+        private void setSupplierAndCloser(final FailableConsumer<?, ?> 
consumer) {
             try {
                 // Use reflection here because the constructors we need are 
private
-                FailableSupplier<?, ?> supplier = () -> initializeInternal();
-                Field initializer = 
AbstractConcurrentInitializer.class.getDeclaredField("initializer");
+                final FailableSupplier<?, ?> supplier = 
this::initializeInternal;
+                final Field initializer = 
AbstractConcurrentInitializer.class.getDeclaredField("initializer");
                 initializer.setAccessible(true);
                 initializer.set(this, supplier);
 
-                Field closer = 
AbstractConcurrentInitializer.class.getDeclaredField("closer");
+                final Field closer = 
AbstractConcurrentInitializer.class.getDeclaredField("closer");
                 closer.setAccessible(true);
                 closer.set(this, consumer);
             } catch (NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException | 
IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException e) {
@@ -71,10 +69,12 @@ public class BackgroundInitializerSupplierTest extends 
BackgroundInitializerTest
         }
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected AbstractBackgroundInitializerTestImpl 
getBackgroundInitializerTestImpl() {
         return new SupplierBackgroundInitializerTestImpl();
     }
 
+    @Override
     protected SupplierBackgroundInitializerTestImpl 
getBackgroundInitializerTestImpl(final ExecutorService exec) {
         return new SupplierBackgroundInitializerTestImpl(exec);
     }
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ public class BackgroundInitializerSupplierTest extends 
BackgroundInitializerTest
     public void testCloseWithCheckedException() throws Exception {
 
         final IOException ioException = new IOException();
-        final FailableConsumer<?, ?> IOExceptionConsumer = (CloseableCounter 
cc) -> {
+        final FailableConsumer<?, ?> IOExceptionConsumer = (final 
CloseableCounter cc) -> {
             throw ioException;
         };
 
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ public class BackgroundInitializerSupplierTest extends 
BackgroundInitializerTest
         try {
             init.close();
             fail();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
             assertThat(e, instanceOf(ConcurrentException.class));
             assertSame(ioException, e.getCause());
         }
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ public class BackgroundInitializerSupplierTest extends 
BackgroundInitializerTest
     public void testCloseWithRuntimeException() throws Exception {
 
         final NullPointerException npe = new NullPointerException();
-        final FailableConsumer<?, ?> NullPointerExceptionConsumer = 
(CloseableCounter cc) -> {
+        final FailableConsumer<?, ?> NullPointerExceptionConsumer = (final 
CloseableCounter cc) -> {
             throw npe;
         };
 
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ public class BackgroundInitializerSupplierTest extends 
BackgroundInitializerTest
         try {
             init.close();
             fail();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
             assertSame(npe, e);
         }
     }
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/LazyInitializerSupplierTest.java
 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/LazyInitializerSupplierTest.java
index 0ac26a4bf..1c57cb38b 100644
--- 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/LazyInitializerSupplierTest.java
+++ 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/LazyInitializerSupplierTest.java
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ public class LazyInitializerSupplierTest extends 
AbstractConcurrentInitializerCl
      */
     @Override
     protected ConcurrentInitializer<Object> createInitializer() {
-        return LazyInitializer.<Object>builder().setInitializer(() -> new 
Object()).get();
+        return 
LazyInitializer.<Object>builder().setInitializer(Object::new).get();
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/MultiBackgroundInitializerSupplierTest.java
 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/MultiBackgroundInitializerSupplierTest.java
index 99d129e7d..af1668899 100644
--- 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/MultiBackgroundInitializerSupplierTest.java
+++ 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/MultiBackgroundInitializerSupplierTest.java
@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@ public class MultiBackgroundInitializerSupplierTest extends 
MultiBackgroundIniti
     private static final class SupplierChildBackgroundInitializer extends 
AbstractChildBackgroundInitializer {
 
         SupplierChildBackgroundInitializer() {
-            this((CloseableCounter cc) -> cc.close());
+            this((final CloseableCounter cc) -> cc.close());
         }
 
-        SupplierChildBackgroundInitializer(FailableConsumer<?, ?> consumer) {
+        SupplierChildBackgroundInitializer(final FailableConsumer<?, ?> 
consumer) {
             try {
                 // Use reflection here because the constructors we need are 
private
-                final FailableSupplier<?, ?> supplier = () -> 
initializeInternal();
+                final FailableSupplier<?, ?> supplier = 
this::initializeInternal;
                 final Field initializer = 
AbstractConcurrentInitializer.class.getDeclaredField("initializer");
                 initializer.setAccessible(true);
                 initializer.set(this, supplier);
@@ -80,10 +80,10 @@ public class MultiBackgroundInitializerSupplierTest extends 
MultiBackgroundIniti
     public void setUpException() throws Exception {
         npe = new NullPointerException();
         ioException = new IOException();
-        ioExceptionConsumer = (CloseableCounter cc) -> {
+        ioExceptionConsumer = (final CloseableCounter cc) -> {
             throw ioException;
         };
-        nullPointerExceptionConsumer = (CloseableCounter cc) -> {
+        nullPointerExceptionConsumer = (final CloseableCounter cc) -> {
             throw npe;
         };
     }
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@ public class MultiBackgroundInitializerSupplierTest extends 
MultiBackgroundIniti
 
         initializer.start();
 
-        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
-        long waitTime = 3000;
-        long endTime = startTime + waitTime;
+        final long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        final long waitTime = 3000;
+        final long endTime = startTime + waitTime;
         //wait for the children to start
         while (!childOne.isStarted() || !childTwo.isStarted()) {
             if (System.currentTimeMillis() > endTime) {
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ public class MultiBackgroundInitializerSupplierTest extends 
MultiBackgroundIniti
 
         try {
             initializer.close();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
             fail();
         }
 
@@ -151,9 +151,9 @@ public class MultiBackgroundInitializerSupplierTest extends 
MultiBackgroundIniti
         initializer.addInitializer("child one", childOne);
         initializer.start();
 
-        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
-        long waitTime = 3000;
-        long endTime = startTime + waitTime;
+        final long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        final long waitTime = 3000;
+        final long endTime = startTime + waitTime;
         //wait for the children to start
         while (! childOne.isStarted()) {
             if (System.currentTimeMillis() > endTime) {
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ public class MultiBackgroundInitializerSupplierTest extends 
MultiBackgroundIniti
         try {
             initializer.close();
             fail();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
             assertThat(e, instanceOf(ConcurrentException.class));
             assertSame(ioException, e.getSuppressed()[0]);
         }
@@ -184,9 +184,9 @@ public class MultiBackgroundInitializerSupplierTest extends 
MultiBackgroundIniti
         initializer.addInitializer("child one", childOne);
         initializer.start();
 
-        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
-        long waitTime = 3000;
-        long endTime = startTime + waitTime;
+        final long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        final long waitTime = 3000;
+        final long endTime = startTime + waitTime;
         //wait for the children to start
         while (! childOne.isStarted()) {
             if (System.currentTimeMillis() > endTime) {
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ public class MultiBackgroundInitializerSupplierTest extends 
MultiBackgroundIniti
         try {
             initializer.close();
             fail();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
             assertThat(e, instanceOf(ConcurrentException.class));
             assertSame(npe, e.getSuppressed()[0]);
         }
@@ -240,12 +240,12 @@ public class MultiBackgroundInitializerSupplierTest 
extends MultiBackgroundIniti
         try {
             initializer.close();
             fail();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
             // We don't actually know which order the children will be closed 
in
             boolean foundChildOneException = false;
             boolean foundChildTwoException = false;
 
-            for (Throwable t : e.getSuppressed()) {
+            for (final Throwable t : e.getSuppressed()) {
                 if (t.equals(ioException)) {
                     foundChildOneException = true;
                 }
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/MultiBackgroundInitializerTest.java
 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/MultiBackgroundInitializerTest.java
index 11baa71dc..148813893 100644
--- 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/MultiBackgroundInitializerTest.java
+++ 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/concurrent/MultiBackgroundInitializerTest.java
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ public class MultiBackgroundInitializerTest extends 
AbstractLangTest {
 
     protected static class CloseableCounter {
         // A convenience for testing that a CloseableCounter typed as Object 
has a specific initializeCalls value
-        public static CloseableCounter wrapInteger(int i) {
+        public static CloseableCounter wrapInteger(final int i) {
             return new CloseableCounter().setInitializeCalls(i);
         }
 
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ public class MultiBackgroundInitializerTest extends 
AbstractLangTest {
             return closed;
         }
 
-        public CloseableCounter setInitializeCalls(int i) {
+        public CloseableCounter setInitializeCalls(final int i) {
             initializeCalls = i;
             return this;
         }
@@ -437,9 +437,9 @@ public class MultiBackgroundInitializerTest extends 
AbstractLangTest {
         initializer.addInitializer("child two", childTwo);
         initializer.start();
 
-        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
-        long waitTime = 3000;
-        long endTime = startTime + waitTime;
+        final long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        final long waitTime = 3000;
+        final long endTime = startTime + waitTime;
         //wait for the children to start
         while (! childOne.isStarted() || ! childTwo.isStarted()) {
             if (System.currentTimeMillis() > endTime) {
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/math/NumberUtilsTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/math/NumberUtilsTest.java
index 8677afe36..5b7ab853f 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/math/NumberUtilsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/math/NumberUtilsTest.java
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ public class NumberUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest {
         assertEquals(new BigDecimal("1.7976931348623159e+308"), 
NumberUtils.createNumber("1.7976931348623159e+308"));
 
         // Requested type is parsed as zero but the value is not zero
-        final Double nonZero1 = Double.valueOf(((double) Float.MIN_VALUE) / 2);
+        final Double nonZero1 = Double.valueOf((double) Float.MIN_VALUE / 2);
         assertEquals(nonZero1, NumberUtils.createNumber(nonZero1.toString()));
         assertEquals(nonZero1, NumberUtils.createNumber(nonZero1 + "F"));
         // Smallest double is 4.9e-324.
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/mutable/PrintAtomicVsMutable.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/mutable/PrintAtomicVsMutable.java
index 486b88aa5..2bfa91222 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/mutable/PrintAtomicVsMutable.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/mutable/PrintAtomicVsMutable.java
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import org.apache.commons.lang3.time.DurationUtils;
  */
 public class PrintAtomicVsMutable {
 
-    public static void main(String[] args) {
+    public static void main(final String[] args) {
         final MutableInt mInt = new MutableInt();
         final int max = 100_000_000;
         System.out.println("MutableInt " + DurationUtils.of(() -> {
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/text/StrBuilderTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/text/StrBuilderTest.java
index d058e7abc..198cefd10 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/text/StrBuilderTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/text/StrBuilderTest.java
@@ -665,19 +665,19 @@ public class StrBuilderTest extends AbstractLangTest {
         assertTrue(sb1.equals(sb2));
         assertTrue(sb1.equals(sb1));
         assertTrue(sb2.equals(sb2));
-        assertEquals(sb1, (Object) sb2);
+        assertEquals(sb1, sb2);
 
         sb1.append("abc");
         assertFalse(sb1.equals(sb2));
-        assertNotEquals(sb1, (Object) sb2);
+        assertNotEquals(sb1, sb2);
 
         sb2.append("ABC");
         assertFalse(sb1.equals(sb2));
-        assertNotEquals(sb1, (Object) sb2);
+        assertNotEquals(sb1, sb2);
 
         sb2.clear().append("abc");
         assertTrue(sb1.equals(sb2));
-        assertEquals(sb1, (Object) sb2);
+        assertEquals(sb1, sb2);
 
         assertNotEquals(sb1, Integer.valueOf(1));
         assertNotEquals("abc", sb1);
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/DateUtilsFragmentTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/DateUtilsFragmentTest.java
index 2c1d64ca2..35b5645d1 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/DateUtilsFragmentTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/DateUtilsFragmentTest.java
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ public class DateUtilsFragmentTest extends AbstractLangTest 
{
     @Test
     public void testHoursOfMonthWithCalendar() {
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInHours(aCalendar, 
Calendar.MONTH);
-        assertEquals( hours +(((days - 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY))
+        assertEquals( hours +(days - 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY
                         / DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR,
                 testResult);
     }
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ public class DateUtilsFragmentTest extends AbstractLangTest 
{
     @Test
     public void testHoursOfMonthWithDate() {
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInHours(aDate, 
Calendar.MONTH);
-        assertEquals(hours + (((days - 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY))
+        assertEquals(hours + (days - 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY
                         / DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR,
                 testResult);
     }
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ public class DateUtilsFragmentTest extends AbstractLangTest 
{
     @Test
     public void testHoursOfYearWithCalendar() {
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInHours(aCalendar, 
Calendar.YEAR);
-        assertEquals( hours +(((aCalendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) - 1) * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY))
+        assertEquals( hours +(aCalendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) - 1) * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY
                         / DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR,
                 testResult);
     }
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ public class DateUtilsFragmentTest extends AbstractLangTest 
{
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInHours(aDate, 
Calendar.YEAR);
         final Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
         cal.setTime(aDate);
-        assertEquals(hours + (((cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) - 1) * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY))
+        assertEquals(hours + (cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) - 1) * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY
                         / DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR,
                 testResult);
     }
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ public class DateUtilsFragmentTest extends AbstractLangTest 
{
     @Test
     public void testMillisecondsOfDayWithCalendar() {
         long testresult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMilliseconds(aCalendar, 
Calendar.DATE);
-        final long expectedValue = millis + (seconds * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND) + (minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE) + (hours 
* DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR);
+        final long expectedValue = millis + seconds * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND + minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE + hours * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR;
         assertEquals(expectedValue, testresult);
         testresult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMilliseconds(aCalendar, 
Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
         assertEquals(expectedValue, testresult);
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ public class DateUtilsFragmentTest extends AbstractLangTest 
{
     @Test
     public void testMillisecondsOfDayWithDate() {
         long testresult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMilliseconds(aDate, 
Calendar.DATE);
-        final long expectedValue = millis + (seconds * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND) + (minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE) + (hours 
* DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR);
+        final long expectedValue = millis + seconds * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND + minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE + hours * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR;
         assertEquals(expectedValue, testresult);
         testresult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMilliseconds(aDate, 
Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
         assertEquals(expectedValue, testresult);
@@ -222,32 +222,32 @@ public class DateUtilsFragmentTest extends 
AbstractLangTest {
     @Test
     public void testMillisecondsOfHourWithCalendar() {
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMilliseconds(aCalendar, 
Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
-        assertEquals(millis + (seconds * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND) + 
(minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE), testResult);
+        assertEquals(millis + seconds * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND + minutes 
* DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE, testResult);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testMillisecondsOfHourWithDate() {
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMilliseconds(aDate, 
Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
-        assertEquals(millis + (seconds * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND) + 
(minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE), testResult);
+        assertEquals(millis + seconds * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND + minutes 
* DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE, testResult);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testMillisecondsOfMinuteWithCalender() {
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMilliseconds(aCalendar, 
Calendar.MINUTE);
-        assertEquals(millis + (seconds * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND), 
testResult);
+        assertEquals(millis + seconds * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND, 
testResult);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testMillisecondsOfMinuteWithDate() {
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMilliseconds(aDate, 
Calendar.MINUTE);
-        assertEquals(millis + (seconds * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND), 
testResult);
+        assertEquals(millis + seconds * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND, 
testResult);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testMillisecondsOfMonthWithCalendar() {
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMilliseconds(aCalendar, 
Calendar.MONTH);
-        assertEquals(millis + (seconds * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND) + 
(minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE)
-                + (hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR) + ((days - 1) * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY),
+        assertEquals(millis + seconds * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND + minutes 
* DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE
+                + hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR + (days - 1) * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY,
 testResult);
     }
 
@@ -255,8 +255,8 @@ testResult);
     @Test
     public void testMillisecondsOfMonthWithDate() {
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMilliseconds(aDate, 
Calendar.MONTH);
-        assertEquals(millis + (seconds * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND) + 
(minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE)
-                                + (hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR) + ((days 
- 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY),
+        assertEquals(millis + seconds * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND + minutes 
* DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE
+                                + hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR + (days - 
1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY,
                 testResult);
     }
 
@@ -276,8 +276,8 @@ testResult);
     @Test
     public void testMillisecondsOfYearWithCalendar() {
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMilliseconds(aCalendar, 
Calendar.YEAR);
-        assertEquals(millis + (seconds * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND) + 
(minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE)
-                + (hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR) + 
((aCalendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) - 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY),
+        assertEquals(millis + seconds * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND + minutes 
* DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE
+                + hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR + 
(aCalendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) - 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY,
 testResult);
     }
 
@@ -287,8 +287,8 @@ testResult);
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMilliseconds(aDate, 
Calendar.YEAR);
         final Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
         cal.setTime(aDate);
-        assertEquals(millis + (seconds * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND) + 
(minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE)
-                                + (hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR) + 
((cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) - 1)* DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY),
+        assertEquals(millis + seconds * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND + minutes 
* DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE
+                                + hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR + 
(cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) - 1)* DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY,
                 testResult);
     }
 
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ testResult);
     @Test
     public void testMinutesOfDayWithCalendar() {
         long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMinutes(aCalendar, 
Calendar.DATE);
-        final long expectedValue = minutes + ((hours * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR))/ DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE;
+        final long expectedValue = minutes + hours * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR/ DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE;
         assertEquals(expectedValue, testResult);
         testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMinutes(aCalendar, 
Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
         assertEquals(expectedValue, testResult);
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ testResult);
     @Test
     public void testMinutesOfDayWithDate() {
         long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMinutes(aDate, Calendar.DATE);
-        final long expectedValue = minutes + ((hours * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR))/ DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE;
+        final long expectedValue = minutes + hours * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR/ DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE;
         assertEquals(expectedValue, testResult);
         testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMinutes(aDate, 
Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
         assertEquals(expectedValue, testResult);
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ testResult);
     @Test
     public void testMinutesOfMonthWithCalendar() {
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMinutes(aCalendar, 
Calendar.MONTH);
-        assertEquals( minutes  +((hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR) + ((days 
- 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY))
+        assertEquals( minutes  +(hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR + (days - 
1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY)
                         / DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE,
                 testResult);
     }
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ testResult);
     public void testMinutesOfMonthWithDate() {
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMinutes(aDate, 
Calendar.MONTH);
         assertEquals(minutes
-                                + ((hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR) + 
((days - 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY))
+                                + (hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR + (days - 
1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY)
                         / DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE,
                 testResult);
     }
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ testResult);
     @Test
     public void testMinutesOfYearWithCalendar() {
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInMinutes(aCalendar, 
Calendar.YEAR);
-        assertEquals( minutes  +((hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR) + 
((aCalendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) - 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY))
+        assertEquals( minutes  +(hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR + 
(aCalendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) - 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY)
                         / DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE,
                 testResult);
     }
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ testResult);
         final Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
         cal.setTime(aDate);
         assertEquals(minutes
-                                + ((hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR) + 
((cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) - 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY))
+                                + (hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR + 
(cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) - 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY)
                         / DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE,
                 testResult);
     }
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ testResult);
     @Test
     public void testSecondsOfDayWithCalendar() {
         long testresult = DateUtils.getFragmentInSeconds(aCalendar, 
Calendar.DATE);
-        final long expectedValue = seconds + ((minutes * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE) + (hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR))/ 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND;
+        final long expectedValue = seconds + (minutes * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE + hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR)/ 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND;
         assertEquals(expectedValue, testresult);
         testresult = DateUtils.getFragmentInSeconds(aCalendar, 
Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
         assertEquals(expectedValue, testresult);
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ testResult);
     @Test
     public void testSecondsOfDayWithDate() {
         long testresult = DateUtils.getFragmentInSeconds(aDate, Calendar.DATE);
-        final long expectedValue = seconds + ((minutes * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE) + (hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR))/ 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND;
+        final long expectedValue = seconds + (minutes * 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE + hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR)/ 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND;
         assertEquals(expectedValue, testresult);
         testresult = DateUtils.getFragmentInSeconds(aDate, 
Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
         assertEquals(expectedValue, testresult);
@@ -442,8 +442,8 @@ testResult);
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInSeconds(aCalendar, 
Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
         assertEquals(
                 seconds
-                        + (minutes
-                                * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE / 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND),
+                        + minutes
+                                * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE / 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND,
                 testResult);
     }
 
@@ -452,8 +452,8 @@ testResult);
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInSeconds(aDate, 
Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
         assertEquals(
                 seconds
-                        + (minutes
-                                * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE / 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND),
+                        + minutes
+                                * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE / 
DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND,
                 testResult);
     }
 
@@ -475,8 +475,8 @@ testResult);
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInSeconds(aCalendar, 
Calendar.MONTH);
         assertEquals(
                 seconds
-                        + ((minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE)
-                                + (hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR) + ((days 
- 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY))
+                        + (minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE
+                                + hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR + (days - 
1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY)
                         / DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND,
                 testResult);
     }
@@ -486,8 +486,8 @@ testResult);
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInSeconds(aDate, 
Calendar.MONTH);
         assertEquals(
                 seconds
-                        + ((minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE)
-                                + (hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR) + ((days 
- 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY))
+                        + (minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE
+                                + hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR + (days - 
1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY)
                         / DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND,
                 testResult);
     }
@@ -497,8 +497,8 @@ testResult);
         final long testResult = DateUtils.getFragmentInSeconds(aCalendar, 
Calendar.YEAR);
         assertEquals(
                 seconds
-                        + ((minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE)
-                                + (hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR) + 
((aCalendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) - 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY))
+                        + (minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE
+                                + hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR + 
(aCalendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) - 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY)
                         / DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND,
                 testResult);
     }
@@ -510,8 +510,8 @@ testResult);
         cal.setTime(aDate);
         assertEquals(
                 seconds
-                        + ((minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE)
-                                + (hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR) + 
((cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) - 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY))
+                        + (minutes * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_MINUTE
+                                + hours * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_HOUR + 
(cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR) - 1) * DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_DAY)
                         / DateUtils.MILLIS_PER_SECOND,
                 testResult);
     }
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/DurationFormatUtilsTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/DurationFormatUtilsTest.java
index 3f51aa1e1..5c0878cf6 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/DurationFormatUtilsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/DurationFormatUtilsTest.java
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ public class DurationFormatUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest 
{
     }
 
     private DurationFormatUtils.Token createTokenWithCount(final Object value, 
final int count) {
-        DurationFormatUtils.Token token = new DurationFormatUtils.Token(value, 
false, -1);
+        final DurationFormatUtils.Token token = new 
DurationFormatUtils.Token(value, false, -1);
         for (int i = 1; i < count; i++) {
             token.increment();
         }
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ public class DurationFormatUtilsTest extends AbstractLangTest 
{
 
     @Test
     public void testAlternatingLiteralOptionals() {
-        String format = "['d'dH'h'][m'm']['s's]['ms'S]";
+        final String format = "['d'dH'h'][m'm']['s's]['ms'S]";
 
         assertEquals("d1",
             DurationFormatUtils.formatDuration(Duration.ofDays(1).toMillis(), 
format));
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/FastDateParserTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/FastDateParserTest.java
index 6b3159493..742a3f787 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/FastDateParserTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/FastDateParserTest.java
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ public class FastDateParserTest extends AbstractLangTest {
             }
         }
         // SDF and FDF should produce equivalent results
-        assertEquals((f == null), (s == null), "Should both or neither throw 
Exceptions");
+        assertEquals(f == null, s == null, "Should both or neither throw 
Exceptions");
         assertEquals(dsdf, dfdp, "Parsed dates should be equal");
     }
 
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/FastDateParser_TimeZoneStrategyTest.java
 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/FastDateParser_TimeZoneStrategyTest.java
index b75aeb748..553029074 100644
--- 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/FastDateParser_TimeZoneStrategyTest.java
+++ 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/lang3/time/FastDateParser_TimeZoneStrategyTest.java
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ public class FastDateParser_TimeZoneStrategyTest extends 
AbstractLangTest {
                 // An exception will be thrown and the test will fail if 
parsing isn't successful
                 try {
                     parser.parse(tzDisplay);
-                } catch (ParseException e) {
+                } catch (final ParseException e) {
                     // Hack Start
                     // See failures on GitHub Actions builds for Java 17.
                     final String localeStr = locale.toString();
@@ -131,7 +131,8 @@ public class FastDateParser_TimeZoneStrategyTest extends 
AbstractLangTest {
                                 localeStr, tzDisplay);
                         assumeTrue(false, localeStr);
                         continue;
-                    } else if (SystemUtils.IS_JAVA_11
+                    }
+                    if (SystemUtils.IS_JAVA_11
                             && (localeStr.contains("_") || "Coordinated 
Universal Time".equals(tzDisplay))) {
                         Java11Failures.add(locale);
                         // Mark as an assumption failure instead of a hard fail
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ public class FastDateParser_TimeZoneStrategyTest extends 
AbstractLangTest {
             final String displayName = timeZone.getDisplayName(locale);
             try {
                 parser.parse(displayName);
-            } catch (ParseException e) {
+            } catch (final ParseException e) {
                 // Missing "Zulu" or something else in broken JDK's GH builds?
                 fail(String.format("%s: with locale = %s, id = '%s', timeZone 
= %s, displayName = '%s', parser = '%s'", e, locale, id, timeZone, displayName,
                         parser.toStringAll()), e);

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