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ggregory pushed a commit to branch master
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-codec.git


The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/master by this push:
     new 20807faa Use final
20807faa is described below

commit 20807faa152f2eac2ff13d3dcec5b16180b94ad4
Author: Gary Gregory <garydgreg...@gmail.com>
AuthorDate: Wed Sep 13 18:10:50 2023 -0400

    Use final
    
    Remove extra parens
---
 .../org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base16.java    |  4 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base32.java    | 36 +++++++--------
 .../org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base64.java    | 34 +++++++-------
 .../apache/commons/codec/binary/BaseNCodec.java    |  8 ++--
 .../java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/B64.java  |  2 +-
 .../apache/commons/codec/digest/MurmurHash2.java   | 38 ++++++++--------
 .../apache/commons/codec/digest/MurmurHash3.java   | 52 +++++++++++-----------
 .../apache/commons/codec/digest/PureJavaCrc32.java | 30 ++++++-------
 .../commons/codec/digest/PureJavaCrc32C.java       | 26 +++++------
 .../org/apache/commons/codec/digest/UnixCrypt.java |  2 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/codec/digest/XXHash32.java  |  8 ++--
 .../commons/codec/language/ColognePhonetic.java    |  2 +-
 .../codec/language/DaitchMokotoffSoundex.java      |  2 +-
 .../commons/codec/language/DoubleMetaphone.java    | 40 ++++++++---------
 .../org/apache/commons/codec/language/Soundex.java |  2 +-
 .../org/apache/commons/codec/net/PercentCodec.java |  4 +-
 .../commons/codec/net/QuotedPrintableCodec.java    |  4 +-
 .../apache/commons/codec/binary/Base32Test.java    |  4 +-
 .../codec/binary/Base64InputStreamTest.java        |  2 +-
 .../commons/codec/digest/MurmurHash3Test.java      |  8 ++--
 .../commons/codec/digest/PureJavaCrc32Test.java    |  2 +-
 .../language/MatchRatingApproachEncoderTest.java   |  2 +-
 .../commons/codec/net/CustomRFC1522Codec.java      | 10 ++---
 23 files changed, 161 insertions(+), 161 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base16.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base16.java
index e5366fac..0e1e493f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base16.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base16.java
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ public class Base16 extends BaseNCodec {
         int result;
         if (dataLen < availableChars) {
             // we have 1/2 byte from previous invocation to decode
-            result = (context.ibitWorkArea - 1) << BITS_PER_ENCODED_BYTE;
+            result = context.ibitWorkArea - 1 << BITS_PER_ENCODED_BYTE;
             result |= decodeOctet(data[offset++]);
 
             buffer[context.pos++] = (byte)result;
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ public class Base16 extends BaseNCodec {
         final int end = offset + length;
         for (int i = offset; i < end; i++) {
             final int value = data[i];
-            final int high = (value >> BITS_PER_ENCODED_BYTE) & MASK_4BITS;
+            final int high = value >> BITS_PER_ENCODED_BYTE & MASK_4BITS;
             final int low = value & MASK_4BITS;
             buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[high];
             buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[low];
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base32.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base32.java
index 520ba960..00cc7f27 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base32.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base32.java
@@ -386,10 +386,10 @@ public class Base32 extends BaseNCodec {
                     // collect decoded bytes
                     context.lbitWorkArea = (context.lbitWorkArea << 
BITS_PER_ENCODED_BYTE) + result;
                     if (context.modulus == 0) { // we can output the 5 bytes
-                        buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea 
>> 32) & MASK_8BITS);
-                        buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea 
>> 24) & MASK_8BITS);
-                        buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea 
>> 16) & MASK_8BITS);
-                        buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea 
>> 8) & MASK_8BITS);
+                        buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea 
>> 32 & MASK_8BITS);
+                        buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea 
>> 24 & MASK_8BITS);
+                        buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea 
>> 16 & MASK_8BITS);
+                        buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea 
>> 8 & MASK_8BITS);
                         buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea & 
MASK_8BITS);
                     }
                 }
@@ -414,41 +414,41 @@ public class Base32 extends BaseNCodec {
                     validateTrailingCharacters();
                 case 2 : // 10 bits, drop 2 and output one byte
                     validateCharacter(MASK_2BITS, context);
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea >> 
2) & MASK_8BITS);
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea >> 2 
& MASK_8BITS);
                     break;
                 case 3 : // 15 bits, drop 7 and output 1 byte, or raise an 
exception
                     validateTrailingCharacters();
                     // Not possible from a valid encoding but decode anyway
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea >> 
7) & MASK_8BITS);
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea >> 7 
& MASK_8BITS);
                     break;
                 case 4 : // 20 bits = 2*8 + 4
                     validateCharacter(MASK_4BITS, context);
                     context.lbitWorkArea = context.lbitWorkArea >> 4; // drop 
4 bits
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea >> 
8) & MASK_8BITS);
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea) & 
MASK_8BITS);
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea >> 8 
& MASK_8BITS);
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea & 
MASK_8BITS);
                     break;
                 case 5 : // 25 bits = 3*8 + 1
                     validateCharacter(MASK_1BITS, context);
                     context.lbitWorkArea = context.lbitWorkArea >> 1;
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea >> 
16) & MASK_8BITS);
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea >> 
8) & MASK_8BITS);
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea) & 
MASK_8BITS);
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea >> 16 
& MASK_8BITS);
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea >> 8 
& MASK_8BITS);
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea & 
MASK_8BITS);
                     break;
                 case 6 : // 30 bits = 3*8 + 6, or raise an exception
                     validateTrailingCharacters();
                     // Not possible from a valid encoding but decode anyway
                     context.lbitWorkArea = context.lbitWorkArea >> 6;
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea >> 
16) & MASK_8BITS);
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea >> 
8) & MASK_8BITS);
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea) & 
MASK_8BITS);
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea >> 16 
& MASK_8BITS);
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea >> 8 
& MASK_8BITS);
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea & 
MASK_8BITS);
                     break;
                 case 7 : // 35 bits = 4*8 +3
                     validateCharacter(MASK_3BITS, context);
                     context.lbitWorkArea = context.lbitWorkArea >> 3;
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea >> 
24) & MASK_8BITS);
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea >> 
16) & MASK_8BITS);
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea >> 
8) & MASK_8BITS);
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.lbitWorkArea) & 
MASK_8BITS);
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea >> 24 
& MASK_8BITS);
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea >> 16 
& MASK_8BITS);
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea >> 8 
& MASK_8BITS);
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.lbitWorkArea & 
MASK_8BITS);
                     break;
                 default:
                     // modulus can be 0-7, and we excluded 0,1 already
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base64.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base64.java
index 6c840e90..b856469d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base64.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base64.java
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ public class Base64 extends BaseNCodec {
      * @since 1.4
      */
     public static boolean isBase64(final byte octet) {
-        return octet == PAD_DEFAULT || (octet >= 0 && octet < 
DECODE_TABLE.length && DECODE_TABLE[octet] != -1);
+        return octet == PAD_DEFAULT || octet >= 0 && octet < 
DECODE_TABLE.length && DECODE_TABLE[octet] != -1;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -420,10 +420,10 @@ public class Base64 extends BaseNCodec {
     static byte[] toIntegerBytes(final BigInteger bigInt) {
         int bitlen = bigInt.bitLength();
         // round bitlen
-        bitlen = ((bitlen + 7) >> 3) << 3;
+        bitlen = bitlen + 7 >> 3 << 3;
         final byte[] bigBytes = bigInt.toByteArray();
 
-        if (((bigInt.bitLength() % 8) != 0) && (((bigInt.bitLength() / 8) + 1) 
== (bitlen / 8))) {
+        if (bigInt.bitLength() % 8 != 0 && bigInt.bitLength() / 8 + 1 == 
bitlen / 8) {
             return bigBytes;
         }
         // set up params for copying everything but sign bit
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ public class Base64 extends BaseNCodec {
         int len = bigBytes.length;
 
         // if bigInt is exactly byte-aligned, just skip signbit in copy
-        if ((bigInt.bitLength() % 8) == 0) {
+        if (bigInt.bitLength() % 8 == 0) {
             startSrc = 1;
             len--;
         }
@@ -661,8 +661,8 @@ public class Base64 extends BaseNCodec {
                     context.modulus = (context.modulus+1) % 
BYTES_PER_ENCODED_BLOCK;
                     context.ibitWorkArea = (context.ibitWorkArea << 
BITS_PER_ENCODED_BYTE) + result;
                     if (context.modulus == 0) {
-                        buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.ibitWorkArea 
>> 16) & MASK_8BITS);
-                        buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.ibitWorkArea 
>> 8) & MASK_8BITS);
+                        buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.ibitWorkArea 
>> 16 & MASK_8BITS);
+                        buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.ibitWorkArea 
>> 8 & MASK_8BITS);
                         buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.ibitWorkArea & 
MASK_8BITS);
                     }
                 }
@@ -685,13 +685,13 @@ public class Base64 extends BaseNCodec {
                 case 2 : // 12 bits = 8 + 4
                     validateCharacter(MASK_4BITS, context);
                     context.ibitWorkArea = context.ibitWorkArea >> 4; // dump 
the extra 4 bits
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.ibitWorkArea) & 
MASK_8BITS);
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.ibitWorkArea & 
MASK_8BITS);
                     break;
                 case 3 : // 18 bits = 8 + 8 + 2
                     validateCharacter(MASK_2BITS, context);
                     context.ibitWorkArea = context.ibitWorkArea >> 2; // dump 
2 bits
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.ibitWorkArea >> 
8) & MASK_8BITS);
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.ibitWorkArea) & 
MASK_8BITS);
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.ibitWorkArea >> 8 
& MASK_8BITS);
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.ibitWorkArea & 
MASK_8BITS);
                     break;
                 default:
                     throw new IllegalStateException("Impossible modulus " + 
context.modulus);
@@ -739,9 +739,9 @@ public class Base64 extends BaseNCodec {
                     break;
                 case 1 : // 8 bits = 6 + 2
                     // top 6 bits:
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[(context.ibitWorkArea 
>> 2) & MASK_6BITS];
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[context.ibitWorkArea 
>> 2 & MASK_6BITS];
                     // remaining 2:
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[(context.ibitWorkArea 
<< 4) & MASK_6BITS];
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[context.ibitWorkArea 
<< 4 & MASK_6BITS];
                     // URL-SAFE skips the padding to further reduce size.
                     if (encodeTable == STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE) {
                         buffer[context.pos++] = pad;
@@ -750,9 +750,9 @@ public class Base64 extends BaseNCodec {
                     break;
 
                 case 2 : // 16 bits = 6 + 6 + 4
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[(context.ibitWorkArea 
>> 10) & MASK_6BITS];
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[(context.ibitWorkArea 
>> 4) & MASK_6BITS];
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[(context.ibitWorkArea 
<< 2) & MASK_6BITS];
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[context.ibitWorkArea 
>> 10 & MASK_6BITS];
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[context.ibitWorkArea 
>> 4 & MASK_6BITS];
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[context.ibitWorkArea 
<< 2 & MASK_6BITS];
                     // URL-SAFE skips the padding to further reduce size.
                     if (encodeTable == STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE) {
                         buffer[context.pos++] = pad;
@@ -777,9 +777,9 @@ public class Base64 extends BaseNCodec {
                 }
                 context.ibitWorkArea = (context.ibitWorkArea << 8) + b; //  
BITS_PER_BYTE
                 if (0 == context.modulus) { // 3 bytes = 24 bits = 4 * 6 bits 
to extract
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[(context.ibitWorkArea 
>> 18) & MASK_6BITS];
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[(context.ibitWorkArea 
>> 12) & MASK_6BITS];
-                    buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[(context.ibitWorkArea 
>> 6) & MASK_6BITS];
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[context.ibitWorkArea 
>> 18 & MASK_6BITS];
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[context.ibitWorkArea 
>> 12 & MASK_6BITS];
+                    buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[context.ibitWorkArea 
>> 6 & MASK_6BITS];
                     buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[context.ibitWorkArea & 
MASK_6BITS];
                     context.currentLinePos += BYTES_PER_ENCODED_BLOCK;
                     if (lineLength > 0 && lineLength <= 
context.currentLinePos) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/BaseNCodec.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/BaseNCodec.java
index 47b04193..551befcd 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/BaseNCodec.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/BaseNCodec.java
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ public abstract class BaseNCodec implements BinaryEncoder, 
BinaryDecoder {
         this.unencodedBlockSize = unencodedBlockSize;
         this.encodedBlockSize = encodedBlockSize;
         final boolean useChunking = lineLength > 0 && chunkSeparatorLength > 0;
-        this.lineLength = useChunking ? (lineLength / encodedBlockSize) * 
encodedBlockSize : 0;
+        this.lineLength = useChunking ? lineLength / encodedBlockSize * 
encodedBlockSize : 0;
         this.chunkSeparatorLength = chunkSeparatorLength;
         this.pad = pad;
         this.decodingPolicy = Objects.requireNonNull(decodingPolicy, 
"codecPolicy");
@@ -594,10 +594,10 @@ public abstract class BaseNCodec implements 
BinaryEncoder, BinaryDecoder {
     public long getEncodedLength(final byte[] pArray) {
         // Calculate non-chunked size - rounded up to allow for padding
         // cast to long is needed to avoid possibility of overflow
-        long len = ((pArray.length + unencodedBlockSize-1)  / 
unencodedBlockSize) * (long) encodedBlockSize;
+        long len = (pArray.length + unencodedBlockSize-1)  / 
unencodedBlockSize * (long) encodedBlockSize;
         if (lineLength > 0) { // We're using chunking
             // Round up to nearest multiple
-            len += ((len + lineLength-1) / lineLength) * chunkSeparatorLength;
+            len += (len + lineLength-1) / lineLength * chunkSeparatorLength;
         }
         return len;
     }
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ public abstract class BaseNCodec implements BinaryEncoder, 
BinaryDecoder {
     public boolean isInAlphabet(final byte[] arrayOctet, final boolean 
allowWSPad) {
         for (final byte octet : arrayOctet) {
             if (!isInAlphabet(octet) &&
-                    (!allowWSPad || (octet != pad) && 
!Character.isWhitespace(octet))) {
+                    (!allowWSPad || octet != pad && 
!Character.isWhitespace(octet))) {
                 return false;
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/B64.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/B64.java
index a828a2cb..c3da98ee 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/B64.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/B64.java
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class B64 {
     static void b64from24bit(final byte b2, final byte b1, final byte b0, 
final int outLen,
                              final StringBuilder buffer) {
         // The bit masking is necessary because the JVM byte type is signed!
-        int w = ((b2 << 16) & 0x00ffffff) | ((b1 << 8) & 0x00ffff) | (b0 & 
0xff);
+        int w = b2 << 16 & 0x00ffffff | b1 << 8 & 0x00ffff | b0 & 0xff;
         // It's effectively a "for" loop but kept to resemble the original C 
code.
         int n = outLen;
         while (n-- > 0) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/MurmurHash2.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/MurmurHash2.java
index fbecba00..8174d6f8 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/MurmurHash2.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/MurmurHash2.java
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public final class MurmurHash2 {
 
         // body
         for (int i = 0; i < nblocks; i++) {
-            final int index = (i << 2);
+            final int index = i << 2;
             int k = getLittleEndianInt(data, index);
             k *= M32;
             k ^= k >>> R32;
@@ -89,14 +89,14 @@ public final class MurmurHash2 {
         }
 
         // Handle the last few bytes of the input array
-        final int index = (nblocks << 2);
+        final int index = nblocks << 2;
         switch (length - index) {
         case 3:
             h ^= (data[index + 2] & 0xff) << 16;
         case 2:
             h ^= (data[index + 1] & 0xff) << 8;
         case 1:
-            h ^= (data[index] & 0xff);
+            h ^= data[index] & 0xff;
             h *= M32;
         }
 
@@ -180,13 +180,13 @@ public final class MurmurHash2 {
      * @return The 64-bit hash of the given array
      */
     public static long hash64(final byte[] data, final int length, final int 
seed) {
-        long h = (seed & 0xffffffffL) ^ (length * M64);
+        long h = seed & 0xffffffffL ^ length * M64;
 
         final int nblocks = length >> 3;
 
         // body
         for (int i = 0; i < nblocks; i++) {
-            final int index = (i << 3);
+            final int index = i << 3;
             long k = getLittleEndianLong(data, index);
 
             k *= M64;
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ public final class MurmurHash2 {
             h *= M64;
         }
 
-        final int index = (nblocks << 3);
+        final int index = nblocks << 3;
         switch (length - index) {
         case 7:
             h ^= ((long) data[index + 6] & 0xff) << 48;
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ public final class MurmurHash2 {
         case 2:
             h ^= ((long) data[index + 1] & 0xff) << 8;
         case 1:
-            h ^= ((long) data[index] & 0xff);
+            h ^= (long) data[index] & 0xff;
             h *= M64;
         }
 
@@ -295,10 +295,10 @@ public final class MurmurHash2 {
      * @return The little-endian int
      */
     private static int getLittleEndianInt(final byte[] data, final int index) {
-        return ((data[index    ] & 0xff)      ) |
-               ((data[index + 1] & 0xff) <<  8) |
-               ((data[index + 2] & 0xff) << 16) |
-               ((data[index + 3] & 0xff) << 24);
+        return data[index    ] & 0xff |
+               (data[index + 1] & 0xff) <<  8 |
+               (data[index + 2] & 0xff) << 16 |
+               (data[index + 3] & 0xff) << 24;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -309,13 +309,13 @@ public final class MurmurHash2 {
      * @return The little-endian long
      */
     private static long getLittleEndianLong(final byte[] data, final int 
index) {
-        return (((long) data[index    ] & 0xff)      ) |
-               (((long) data[index + 1] & 0xff) <<  8) |
-               (((long) data[index + 2] & 0xff) << 16) |
-               (((long) data[index + 3] & 0xff) << 24) |
-               (((long) data[index + 4] & 0xff) << 32) |
-               (((long) data[index + 5] & 0xff) << 40) |
-               (((long) data[index + 6] & 0xff) << 48) |
-               (((long) data[index + 7] & 0xff) << 56);
+        return (long) data[index    ] & 0xff |
+               ((long) data[index + 1] & 0xff) <<  8 |
+               ((long) data[index + 2] & 0xff) << 16 |
+               ((long) data[index + 3] & 0xff) << 24 |
+               ((long) data[index + 4] & 0xff) << 32 |
+               ((long) data[index + 5] & 0xff) << 40 |
+               ((long) data[index + 6] & 0xff) << 48 |
+               ((long) data[index + 7] & 0xff) << 56;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/MurmurHash3.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/MurmurHash3.java
index 2291c512..24ca412a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/MurmurHash3.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/MurmurHash3.java
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ public final class MurmurHash3 {
 
         hash = mix32((int) r0, hash);
         hash = mix32((int) (r0 >>> 32), hash);
-        hash = mix32((int) (r1), hash);
+        hash = mix32((int) r1, hash);
         hash = mix32((int) (r1 >>> 32), hash);
 
         hash ^= Long.BYTES * 2;
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ public final class MurmurHash3 {
         case 2:
             k1 ^= (data[index + 1] & 0xff) << 8;
         case 1:
-            k1 ^= (data[index] & 0xff);
+            k1 ^= data[index] & 0xff;
 
             // mix functions
             k1 *= C1_32;
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ public final class MurmurHash3 {
      */
     @Deprecated
     public static long hash64(final int data) {
-        long k1 = Integer.reverseBytes(data) & (-1L >>> 32);
+        long k1 = Integer.reverseBytes(data) & -1L >>> 32;
         long hash = DEFAULT_SEED;
         k1 *= C1;
         k1 = Long.rotateLeft(k1, R1);
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ public final class MurmurHash3 {
         long hash = DEFAULT_SEED;
         long k1 = 0;
         k1 ^= ((long) data & 0xff) << 8;
-        k1 ^= ((long) ((data & 0xFF00) >> 8) & 0xff);
+        k1 ^= (long) ((data & 0xFF00) >> 8) & 0xff;
         k1 *= C1;
         k1 = Long.rotateLeft(k1, R1);
         k1 *= C2;
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ public final class MurmurHash3 {
         case 2:
             k1 ^= ((long) data[index + 1] & 0xff) << 8;
         case 1:
-            k1 ^= ((long) data[index] & 0xff);
+            k1 ^= (long) data[index] & 0xff;
             k1 *= C1;
             k1 = Long.rotateLeft(k1, R1);
             k1 *= C2;
@@ -926,14 +926,14 @@ public final class MurmurHash3 {
      * @return The little-endian long
      */
     private static long getLittleEndianLong(final byte[] data, final int 
index) {
-        return (((long) data[index    ] & 0xff)      ) |
-               (((long) data[index + 1] & 0xff) <<  8) |
-               (((long) data[index + 2] & 0xff) << 16) |
-               (((long) data[index + 3] & 0xff) << 24) |
-               (((long) data[index + 4] & 0xff) << 32) |
-               (((long) data[index + 5] & 0xff) << 40) |
-               (((long) data[index + 6] & 0xff) << 48) |
-               (((long) data[index + 7] & 0xff) << 56);
+        return (long) data[index    ] & 0xff |
+               ((long) data[index + 1] & 0xff) <<  8 |
+               ((long) data[index + 2] & 0xff) << 16 |
+               ((long) data[index + 3] & 0xff) << 24 |
+               ((long) data[index + 4] & 0xff) << 32 |
+               ((long) data[index + 5] & 0xff) << 40 |
+               ((long) data[index + 6] & 0xff) << 48 |
+               ((long) data[index + 7] & 0xff) << 56;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -944,10 +944,10 @@ public final class MurmurHash3 {
      * @return The little-endian int
      */
     private static int getLittleEndianInt(final byte[] data, final int index) {
-        return ((data[index    ] & 0xff)      ) |
-               ((data[index + 1] & 0xff) <<  8) |
-               ((data[index + 2] & 0xff) << 16) |
-               ((data[index + 3] & 0xff) << 24);
+        return data[index    ] & 0xff |
+               (data[index + 1] & 0xff) <<  8 |
+               (data[index + 2] & 0xff) << 16 |
+               (data[index + 3] & 0xff) << 24;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -972,11 +972,11 @@ public final class MurmurHash3 {
      * @return The final hash
      */
     private static int fmix32(int hash) {
-        hash ^= (hash >>> 16);
+        hash ^= hash >>> 16;
         hash *= 0x85ebca6b;
-        hash ^= (hash >>> 13);
+        hash ^= hash >>> 13;
         hash *= 0xc2b2ae35;
-        hash ^= (hash >>> 16);
+        hash ^= hash >>> 16;
         return hash;
     }
 
@@ -987,11 +987,11 @@ public final class MurmurHash3 {
      * @return The final hash
      */
     private static long fmix64(long hash) {
-        hash ^= (hash >>> 33);
+        hash ^= hash >>> 33;
         hash *= 0xff51afd7ed558ccdL;
-        hash ^= (hash >>> 33);
+        hash ^= hash >>> 33;
         hash *= 0xc4ceb9fe1a85ec53L;
-        hash ^= (hash >>> 33);
+        hash ^= hash >>> 33;
         return hash;
     }
 
@@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ public final class MurmurHash3 {
             }
 
             // Save left-over unprocessed bytes
-            final int consumed = (nblocks << 2);
+            final int consumed = nblocks << 2;
             unprocessedLength = newLength - consumed;
             if (unprocessedLength != 0) {
                 System.arraycopy(data, newOffset + consumed, unprocessed, 0, 
unprocessedLength);
@@ -1143,7 +1143,7 @@ public final class MurmurHash3 {
             case 2:
                 k1 ^= (unprocessed[1] & 0xff) << 8;
             case 1:
-                k1 ^= (unprocessed[0] & 0xff);
+                k1 ^= unprocessed[0] & 0xff;
 
                 // mix functions
                 k1 *= C1_32;
@@ -1169,7 +1169,7 @@ public final class MurmurHash3 {
          * @return The 32-bit integer
          */
         private static int orBytes(final byte b1, final byte b2, final byte 
b3, final byte b4) {
-            return (b1 & 0xff) | ((b2 & 0xff) << 8) | ((b3 & 0xff) << 16) | 
((b4 & 0xff) << 24);
+            return b1 & 0xff | (b2 & 0xff) << 8 | (b3 & 0xff) << 16 | (b4 & 
0xff) << 24;
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/PureJavaCrc32.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/PureJavaCrc32.java
index f2206c01..5958f1dc 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/PureJavaCrc32.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/PureJavaCrc32.java
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ public class PureJavaCrc32 implements Checksum {
 
   @Override
   public long getValue() {
-    return (~crc) & 0xffffffffL;
+    return ~crc & 0xffffffffL;
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -603,24 +603,24 @@ public class PureJavaCrc32 implements Checksum {
     int i = offset;
     for(final int end = offset + len - remainder; i < end; i += 8) {
       final int x = localCrc ^
-          ((((b[i  ] << 24) >>> 24) + ((b[i+1] << 24) >>> 16)) +
-          (((b[i+2] << 24) >>> 8 ) +  (b[i+3] << 24)));
+          (b[i  ] << 24 >>> 24) + (b[i+1] << 24 >>> 16) +
+          (b[i+2] << 24 >>> 8 ) +  (b[i+3] << 24);
 
-      localCrc = ((T[((x << 24) >>> 24) + 0x700] ^ T[((x << 16) >>> 24) + 
0x600]) ^
-                 (T[((x <<  8) >>> 24) + 0x500] ^ T[ (x        >>> 24) + 
0x400])) ^
-                 ((T[((b[i+4] << 24) >>> 24) + 0x300] ^ T[((b[i+5] << 24) >>> 
24) + 0x200]) ^
-                 (T[((b[i+6] << 24) >>> 24) + 0x100] ^ T[((b[i+7] << 24) >>> 
24)]));
+      localCrc = T[(x << 24 >>> 24) + 0x700] ^ T[(x << 16 >>> 24) + 0x600] ^
+                 T[(x <<  8 >>> 24) + 0x500] ^ T[ (x        >>> 24) + 0x400] ^
+                 T[(b[i+4] << 24 >>> 24) + 0x300] ^ T[(b[i+5] << 24 >>> 24) + 
0x200] ^
+                 T[(b[i+6] << 24 >>> 24) + 0x100] ^ T[b[i+7] << 24 >>> 24];
     }
 
     /* loop unroll - duff's device style */
     switch(remainder) {
-      case 7: localCrc = (localCrc >>> 8) ^ T[((localCrc ^ b[i++]) << 24) >>> 
24];
-      case 6: localCrc = (localCrc >>> 8) ^ T[((localCrc ^ b[i++]) << 24) >>> 
24];
-      case 5: localCrc = (localCrc >>> 8) ^ T[((localCrc ^ b[i++]) << 24) >>> 
24];
-      case 4: localCrc = (localCrc >>> 8) ^ T[((localCrc ^ b[i++]) << 24) >>> 
24];
-      case 3: localCrc = (localCrc >>> 8) ^ T[((localCrc ^ b[i++]) << 24) >>> 
24];
-      case 2: localCrc = (localCrc >>> 8) ^ T[((localCrc ^ b[i++]) << 24) >>> 
24];
-      case 1: localCrc = (localCrc >>> 8) ^ T[((localCrc ^ b[i++]) << 24) >>> 
24];
+      case 7: localCrc = localCrc >>> 8 ^ T[(localCrc ^ b[i++]) << 24 >>> 24];
+      case 6: localCrc = localCrc >>> 8 ^ T[(localCrc ^ b[i++]) << 24 >>> 24];
+      case 5: localCrc = localCrc >>> 8 ^ T[(localCrc ^ b[i++]) << 24 >>> 24];
+      case 4: localCrc = localCrc >>> 8 ^ T[(localCrc ^ b[i++]) << 24 >>> 24];
+      case 3: localCrc = localCrc >>> 8 ^ T[(localCrc ^ b[i++]) << 24 >>> 24];
+      case 2: localCrc = localCrc >>> 8 ^ T[(localCrc ^ b[i++]) << 24 >>> 24];
+      case 1: localCrc = localCrc >>> 8 ^ T[(localCrc ^ b[i++]) << 24 >>> 24];
       default:
         /* nothing */
     }
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ public class PureJavaCrc32 implements Checksum {
 
   @Override
   final public void update(final int b) {
-    crc = (crc >>> 8) ^ T[(((crc ^ b) << 24) >>> 24)];
+    crc = crc >>> 8 ^ T[(crc ^ b) << 24 >>> 24];
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/PureJavaCrc32C.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/PureJavaCrc32C.java
index 27d14c71..2b57e896 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/PureJavaCrc32C.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/PureJavaCrc32C.java
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ public class PureJavaCrc32C implements Checksum {
   @Override
   public long getValue() {
     final long ret = crc;
-    return (~ret) & 0xffffffffL;
+    return ~ret & 0xffffffffL;
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -605,16 +605,16 @@ public class PureJavaCrc32C implements Checksum {
       final int c1 =(b[off+1] ^ (localCrc >>>= 8)) & 0xff;
       final int c2 =(b[off+2] ^ (localCrc >>>= 8)) & 0xff;
       final int c3 =(b[off+3] ^ (localCrc >>>= 8)) & 0xff;
-      localCrc = (T[T8_7_START + c0] ^ T[T8_6_START + c1]) ^
-                 (T[T8_5_START + c2] ^ T[T8_4_START + c3]);
+      localCrc = T[T8_7_START + c0] ^ T[T8_6_START + c1] ^
+                 T[T8_5_START + c2] ^ T[T8_4_START + c3];
 
       final int c4 = b[off+4] & 0xff;
       final int c5 = b[off+5] & 0xff;
       final int c6 = b[off+6] & 0xff;
       final int c7 = b[off+7] & 0xff;
 
-      localCrc ^= (T[T8_3_START + c4] ^ T[T8_2_START + c5]) ^
-                  (T[T8_1_START + c6] ^ T[T8_0_START + c7]);
+      localCrc ^= T[T8_3_START + c4] ^ T[T8_2_START + c5] ^
+                  T[T8_1_START + c6] ^ T[T8_0_START + c7];
 
       off += 8;
       len -= 8;
@@ -622,13 +622,13 @@ public class PureJavaCrc32C implements Checksum {
 
     /* loop unroll - duff's device style */
     switch(len) {
-      case 7: localCrc = (localCrc >>> 8) ^ T[T8_0_START + ((localCrc ^ 
b[off++]) & 0xff)];
-      case 6: localCrc = (localCrc >>> 8) ^ T[T8_0_START + ((localCrc ^ 
b[off++]) & 0xff)];
-      case 5: localCrc = (localCrc >>> 8) ^ T[T8_0_START + ((localCrc ^ 
b[off++]) & 0xff)];
-      case 4: localCrc = (localCrc >>> 8) ^ T[T8_0_START + ((localCrc ^ 
b[off++]) & 0xff)];
-      case 3: localCrc = (localCrc >>> 8) ^ T[T8_0_START + ((localCrc ^ 
b[off++]) & 0xff)];
-      case 2: localCrc = (localCrc >>> 8) ^ T[T8_0_START + ((localCrc ^ 
b[off++]) & 0xff)];
-      case 1: localCrc = (localCrc >>> 8) ^ T[T8_0_START + ((localCrc ^ 
b[off++]) & 0xff)];
+      case 7: localCrc = localCrc >>> 8 ^ T[T8_0_START + ((localCrc ^ 
b[off++]) & 0xff)];
+      case 6: localCrc = localCrc >>> 8 ^ T[T8_0_START + ((localCrc ^ 
b[off++]) & 0xff)];
+      case 5: localCrc = localCrc >>> 8 ^ T[T8_0_START + ((localCrc ^ 
b[off++]) & 0xff)];
+      case 4: localCrc = localCrc >>> 8 ^ T[T8_0_START + ((localCrc ^ 
b[off++]) & 0xff)];
+      case 3: localCrc = localCrc >>> 8 ^ T[T8_0_START + ((localCrc ^ 
b[off++]) & 0xff)];
+      case 2: localCrc = localCrc >>> 8 ^ T[T8_0_START + ((localCrc ^ 
b[off++]) & 0xff)];
+      case 1: localCrc = localCrc >>> 8 ^ T[T8_0_START + ((localCrc ^ 
b[off++]) & 0xff)];
       default:
         break; // satisfy Findbugs
     }
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ public class PureJavaCrc32C implements Checksum {
 
   @Override
   final public void update(final int b) {
-    crc = (crc >>> 8) ^ T[T8_0_START + ((crc ^ b) & 0xff)];
+    crc = crc >>> 8 ^ T[T8_0_START + ((crc ^ b) & 0xff)];
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/UnixCrypt.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/UnixCrypt.java
index 94a3ea9b..a7bad57b 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/UnixCrypt.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/UnixCrypt.java
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ public class UnixCrypt {
                     SKB[3][c >>> 20 & 0x1 | c >>> 21 & 0x6 | c >>> 22 & 0x38];
             final int t = SKB[4][d & 0x3f] | SKB[5][d >>> 7 & 0x3 | d >>> 8 & 
0x3c] | SKB[6][d >>> 15 & 0x3f] |
                     SKB[7][d >>> 21 & 0xf | d >>> 22 & 0x30];
-            schedule[j++] = (t << 16 | s & 0xffff);
+            schedule[j++] = t << 16 | s & 0xffff;
             s = s >>> 16 | t & 0xffff0000;
             s = s << 4 | s >>> 28;
             schedule[j++] = s;
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/XXHash32.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/XXHash32.java
index 85afad92..c11d3638 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/XXHash32.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/XXHash32.java
@@ -171,10 +171,10 @@ public class XXHash32 implements Checksum {
      * @return The little-endian int
      */
     private static int getInt(final byte[] buffer, final int idx) {
-        return ((buffer[idx    ] & 0xff)      ) |
-               ((buffer[idx + 1] & 0xff) <<  8) |
-               ((buffer[idx + 2] & 0xff) << 16) |
-               ((buffer[idx + 3] & 0xff) << 24);
+        return buffer[idx    ] & 0xff |
+               (buffer[idx + 1] & 0xff) <<  8 |
+               (buffer[idx + 2] & 0xff) << 16 |
+               (buffer[idx + 3] & 0xff) << 24;
     }
 
     private void initializeState() {
diff --git 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/ColognePhonetic.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/ColognePhonetic.java
index a1e43d09..bd1c59cf 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/ColognePhonetic.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/ColognePhonetic.java
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ public class ColognePhonetic implements StringEncoder {
 
             if (arrayContains(AEIJOUY, chr)) {
                 output.put('0');
-            } else if (chr == 'B' || (chr == 'P' && nextChar != 'H')) {
+            } else if (chr == 'B' || chr == 'P' && nextChar != 'H') {
                 output.put('1');
             } else if ((chr == 'D' || chr == 'T') && !arrayContains(CSZ, 
nextChar)) {
                 output.put('2');
diff --git 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/DaitchMokotoffSoundex.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/DaitchMokotoffSoundex.java
index f45bd507..96390df4 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/DaitchMokotoffSoundex.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/DaitchMokotoffSoundex.java
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ public class DaitchMokotoffSoundex implements StringEncoder 
{
                             final Branch nextBranch = branchingRequired ? 
branch.createBranch() : branch;
 
                             // special rule: occurrences of mn or nm are 
treated differently
-                            final boolean force = (lastChar == 'm' && ch == 
'n') || (lastChar == 'n' && ch == 'm');
+                            final boolean force = lastChar == 'm' && ch == 'n' 
|| lastChar == 'n' && ch == 'm';
 
                             nextBranch.processNextReplacement(nextReplacement, 
force);
 
diff --git 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/DoubleMetaphone.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/DoubleMetaphone.java
index 6b363fab..4c11b2cb 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/DoubleMetaphone.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/DoubleMetaphone.java
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ public class DoubleMetaphone implements StringEncoder {
         if (contains(value, index + 2, 1, "I", "E", "H") &&
             !contains(value, index + 2, 2, "HU")) {
             //-- "bellocchio" but not "bacchus" --//
-            if ((index == 1 && charAt(value, index - 1) == 'A') ||
+            if (index == 1 && charAt(value, index - 1) == 'A' ||
                 contains(value, index - 1, 5, "UCCEE", "UCCES")) {
                 //-- "accident", "accede", "succeed" --//
                 result.append("KS");
@@ -443,11 +443,12 @@ public class DoubleMetaphone implements StringEncoder {
                 result.append('J', 'K');
             }
             index += 2;
-        } else if (charAt(value, index + 1) == 'G') {
-            index += 2;
-            result.append('K');
         } else {
-            index++;
+            if (charAt(value, index + 1) == 'G') {
+                index += 2;
+            } else {
+                index++;
+            }
             result.append('K');
         }
         return index;
@@ -459,7 +460,6 @@ public class DoubleMetaphone implements StringEncoder {
     private int handleGH(final String value, final DoubleMetaphoneResult 
result, int index) {
         if (index > 0 && !isVowel(charAt(value, index - 1))) {
             result.append('K');
-            index += 2;
         } else if (index == 0) {
             if (charAt(value, index + 2) == 'I') {
                 result.append('J');
@@ -467,9 +467,9 @@ public class DoubleMetaphone implements StringEncoder {
                 result.append('K');
             }
             index += 2;
-        } else if ((index > 1 && contains(value, index - 2, 1, "B", "H", "D")) 
||
-                   (index > 2 && contains(value, index - 3, 1, "B", "H", "D")) 
||
-                   (index > 3 && contains(value, index - 4, 1, "B", "H"))) {
+        } else if (index > 1 && contains(value, index - 2, 1, "B", "H", "D") ||
+                   index > 2 && contains(value, index - 3, 1, "B", "H", "D") ||
+                   index > 3 && contains(value, index - 4, 1, "B", "H")) {
             //-- Parker's rule (with some further refinements) - "hugh"
             index += 2;
         } else {
@@ -508,8 +508,8 @@ public class DoubleMetaphone implements StringEncoder {
                         final boolean slavoGermanic) {
         if (contains(value, index, 4, "JOSE") || contains(value, 0, 4, "SAN 
")) {
                 //-- obvious Spanish, "Jose", "San Jacinto" --//
-                if ((index == 0 && (charAt(value, index + 4) == ' ') ||
-                     value.length() == 4) || contains(value, 0, 4, "SAN ")) {
+                if (index == 0 && charAt(value, index + 4) == ' ' ||
+                     value.length() == 4 || contains(value, 0, 4, "SAN ")) {
                     result.append('H');
                 } else {
                     result.append('J', 'H');
@@ -612,7 +612,7 @@ public class DoubleMetaphone implements StringEncoder {
                 result.append('S', 'X');
             }
             index += 3;
-        } else if ((index == 0 && contains(value, index + 1, 1, "M", "N", "L", 
"W")) ||
+        } else if (index == 0 && contains(value, index + 1, 1, "M", "N", "L", 
"W") ||
                    contains(value, index + 1, 1, "Z")) {
             //-- german & anglicisations, e.g. "smith" match "schmidt" //
             // "snider" match "schneider" --//
@@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ public class DoubleMetaphone implements StringEncoder {
                 result.append('A');
             }
             index++;
-        } else if ((index == value.length() - 1 && isVowel(charAt(value, index 
- 1))) ||
+        } else if (index == value.length() - 1 && isVowel(charAt(value, index 
- 1)) ||
                    contains(value, index - 1, 5, "EWSKI", "EWSKY", "OWSKI", 
"OWSKY") ||
                    contains(value, 0, 3, "SCH")) {
             //-- Arnow should match Arnoff --//
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ public class DoubleMetaphone implements StringEncoder {
             result.append('S');
             index++;
         } else {
-            if (!((index == value.length() - 1) &&
+            if (!(index == value.length() - 1 &&
                   (contains(value, index - 3, 3, "IAU", "EAU") ||
                    contains(value, index - 2, 2, "AU", "OU")))) {
                 //-- French e.g. breaux --//
@@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ public class DoubleMetaphone implements StringEncoder {
             index += 2;
         } else {
             if (contains(value, index + 1, 2, "ZO", "ZI", "ZA") ||
-                (slavoGermanic && (index > 0 && charAt(value, index - 1) != 
'T'))) {
+                slavoGermanic && index > 0 && charAt(value, index - 1) != 'T') 
{
                 result.append("S", "TS");
             } else {
                 result.append('S');
@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ public class DoubleMetaphone implements StringEncoder {
             return false;
         }
         final char c = charAt(value, index + 2);
-        return (c != 'I' && c != 'E') ||
+        return c != 'I' && c != 'E' ||
                 contains(value, index - 2, 6, "BACHER", "MACHER");
     }
 
@@ -800,11 +800,11 @@ public class DoubleMetaphone implements StringEncoder {
      * Complex condition 1 for 'CH'.
      */
     private boolean conditionCH1(final String value, final int index) {
-        return ((contains(value, 0, 4, "VAN ", "VON ") || contains(value, 0, 
3, "SCH")) ||
+        return contains(value, 0, 4, "VAN ", "VON ") || contains(value, 0, 3, 
"SCH") ||
                 contains(value, index - 2, 6, "ORCHES", "ARCHIT", "ORCHID") ||
                 contains(value, index + 2, 1, "T", "S") ||
-                ((contains(value, index - 1, 1, "A", "O", "U", "E") || index 
== 0) &&
-                 (contains(value, index + 2, 1, L_R_N_M_B_H_F_V_W_SPACE) || 
index + 1 == value.length() - 1)));
+                (contains(value, index - 1, 1, "A", "O", "U", "E") || index == 
0) &&
+                 (contains(value, index + 2, 1, L_R_N_M_B_H_F_V_W_SPACE) || 
index + 1 == value.length() - 1);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ public class DoubleMetaphone implements StringEncoder {
             return true;
         }
         return contains(value, index - 1, 3, "UMB") &&
-               ((index + 1) == value.length() - 1 || contains(value, index + 
2, 2, "ER"));
+               (index + 1 == value.length() - 1 || contains(value, index + 2, 
2, "ER"));
     }
 
     //-- BEGIN HELPER FUNCTIONS --//
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/Soundex.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/Soundex.java
index b26831de..8905555d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/Soundex.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/Soundex.java
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ public class Soundex implements StringEncoder {
         char lastDigit = map(first); // previous digit
         for(int i = 1; i < str.length() && count < out.length ; i++) {
             final char ch = str.charAt(i);
-            if ((this.specialCaseHW) && (ch == 'H' || ch == 'W')) { // these 
are ignored completely
+            if (this.specialCaseHW && (ch == 'H' || ch == 'W')) { // these are 
ignored completely
                 continue;
             }
             final char digit = map(ch);
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/net/PercentCodec.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/net/PercentCodec.java
index b33dddd8..31288642 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/net/PercentCodec.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/net/PercentCodec.java
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ public class PercentCodec implements BinaryEncoder, 
BinaryDecoder {
 
         final int expectedEncodingBytes = expectedEncodingBytes(bytes);
         final boolean willEncode = expectedEncodingBytes != bytes.length;
-        if (willEncode || (plusForSpace && containsSpace(bytes))) {
+        if (willEncode || plusForSpace && containsSpace(bytes)) {
             return doEncode(bytes, expectedEncodingBytes, willEncode);
         }
         return bytes;
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ public class PercentCodec implements BinaryEncoder, 
BinaryDecoder {
     }
 
     private boolean canEncode(final byte c) {
-        return !isAsciiChar(c) || (inAlwaysEncodeCharsRange(c) && 
alwaysEncodeChars.get(c));
+        return !isAsciiChar(c) || inAlwaysEncodeCharsRange(c) && 
alwaysEncodeChars.get(c);
     }
 
     private boolean inAlwaysEncodeCharsRange(final byte c) {
diff --git 
a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/net/QuotedPrintableCodec.java 
b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/net/QuotedPrintableCodec.java
index 43176b7c..51487161 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/net/QuotedPrintableCodec.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/codec/net/QuotedPrintableCodec.java
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ public class QuotedPrintableCodec implements BinaryEncoder, 
BinaryDecoder, Strin
             // rule #3: whitespace at the end of a line *must* be encoded
             // if we would do a soft break line after this octet, encode 
whitespace
             int b = getUnsignedOctet(bytesLength - 3, bytes);
-            boolean encode = !printable.get(b) || (isWhitespace(b) && pos > 
SAFE_LENGTH - 5);
+            boolean encode = !printable.get(b) || isWhitespace(b) && pos > 
SAFE_LENGTH - 5;
             pos += encodeByte(b, encode, buffer);
 
             // note #3: '=' *must not* be the ultimate or penultimate character
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ public class QuotedPrintableCodec implements BinaryEncoder, 
BinaryDecoder, Strin
             for (int i = bytesLength - 2; i < bytesLength; i++) {
                 b = getUnsignedOctet(i, bytes);
                 // rule #3: trailing whitespace shall be encoded
-                encode = !printable.get(b) || (i > bytesLength - 2 && 
isWhitespace(b));
+                encode = !printable.get(b) || i > bytesLength - 2 && 
isWhitespace(b);
                 encodeByte(b, encode, buffer);
             }
         } else {
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base32Test.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base32Test.java
index b752a20c..d0c892c2 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base32Test.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base32Test.java
@@ -306,8 +306,8 @@ public class Base32Test {
         for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++) {
             assertTrue(b32.isInAlphabet((byte) c));
         }
-        assertFalse(b32.isInAlphabet((byte) ('1')));
-        assertFalse(b32.isInAlphabet((byte) ('8')));
+        assertFalse(b32.isInAlphabet((byte) '1'));
+        assertFalse(b32.isInAlphabet((byte) '8'));
         assertFalse(b32.isInAlphabet((byte) ('A' - 1)));
         assertFalse(b32.isInAlphabet((byte) ('Z' + 1)));
 
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base64InputStreamTest.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base64InputStreamTest.java
index 06622eb1..422be5bb 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base64InputStreamTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base64InputStreamTest.java
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ public class Base64InputStreamTest {
     private void testByChunk(final byte[] encoded, final byte[] decoded, final 
int chunkSize, final byte[] separator) throws Exception {
         // Start with encode.
         try (InputStream in = new Base64InputStream(new 
ByteArrayInputStream(decoded), true, chunkSize, separator)) {
-            byte[] output = BaseNTestData.streamToBytes(in);
+            final byte[] output = BaseNTestData.streamToBytes(in);
             assertEquals(-1, in.read(), "EOF");
             assertEquals(-1, in.read(), "Still EOF");
             assertArrayEquals(encoded, output, "Streaming base64 encode");
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/MurmurHash3Test.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/MurmurHash3Test.java
index ad3f25e2..9ac6d7e0 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/MurmurHash3Test.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/MurmurHash3Test.java
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ public class MurmurHash3Test {
             final byte[] bytes = Arrays.copyOf(RANDOM_BYTES, i);
             // Known bug: Incorrect result for non modulus of 4 byte arrays if 
there are
             // negative bytes
-            if (i % 4 == 0 || !negativeBytes(bytes, (i / 4) * 4, i % 4)) {
+            if (i % 4 == 0 || !negativeBytes(bytes, i / 4 * 4, i % 4)) {
                 assertEquals(answers[i], MurmurHash3.hash32(bytes));
             } else {
                 assertNotEquals(answers[i], MurmurHash3.hash32(bytes));
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ public class MurmurHash3Test {
         for (int i = 0; i < answers.length; i++) {
             // Known bug: Incorrect result for non modulus of 4 byte arrays if 
there are
             // negative bytes
-            if (i % 4 == 0 || !negativeBytes(RANDOM_BYTES, (i / 4) * 4, i % 
4)) {
+            if (i % 4 == 0 || !negativeBytes(RANDOM_BYTES, i / 4 * 4, i % 4)) {
                 assertEquals(answers[i], MurmurHash3.hash32(RANDOM_BYTES, i));
             } else {
                 assertNotEquals(answers[i], MurmurHash3.hash32(RANDOM_BYTES, 
i));
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ public class MurmurHash3Test {
         for (int i = 0; i < answers.length; i++) {
             // Known bug: Incorrect result for non modulus of 4 byte arrays if 
there are
             // negative bytes
-            if (i % 4 == 0 || !negativeBytes(RANDOM_BYTES, (i / 4) * 4, i % 
4)) {
+            if (i % 4 == 0 || !negativeBytes(RANDOM_BYTES, i / 4 * 4, i % 4)) {
                 assertEquals(answers[i], MurmurHash3.hash32(RANDOM_BYTES, i, 
seed));
             } else {
                 assertNotEquals(answers[i], MurmurHash3.hash32(RANDOM_BYTES, 
i, seed));
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ public class MurmurHash3Test {
         for (int i = 0; i < answers.length; i++) {
             // Known bug: Incorrect result for non modulus of 4 byte arrays if 
there are
             // negative bytes
-            if (i % 4 == 0 || !negativeBytes(RANDOM_BYTES, offset + (i / 4) * 
4, i % 4)) {
+            if (i % 4 == 0 || !negativeBytes(RANDOM_BYTES, offset + i / 4 * 4, 
i % 4)) {
                 assertEquals(answers[i], MurmurHash3.hash32(RANDOM_BYTES, 
offset, i, seed));
             } else {
                 assertNotEquals(answers[i], MurmurHash3.hash32(RANDOM_BYTES, 
offset, i, seed));
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/PureJavaCrc32Test.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/PureJavaCrc32Test.java
index 3f3df687..64765271 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/PureJavaCrc32Test.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/digest/PureJavaCrc32Test.java
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ public class PureJavaCrc32Test {
         final int[] previous = tables[j-1];
         final int[] current = tables[j];
         for (int i = 0; i < current.length; i++) {
-          current[i] = (previous[i] >>> nBits) ^ first[previous[i] & mask];
+          current[i] = previous[i] >>> nBits ^ first[previous[i] & mask];
         }
       }
     }
diff --git 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/MatchRatingApproachEncoderTest.java
 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/MatchRatingApproachEncoderTest.java
index 7984830d..125ccb04 100644
--- 
a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/MatchRatingApproachEncoderTest.java
+++ 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/language/MatchRatingApproachEncoderTest.java
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ public class MatchRatingApproachEncoderTest extends 
AbstractStringEncoderTest<Ma
 
     @Test
     public final void testIsVowel_SingleVowel_ReturnsTrue() {
-        assertTrue(this.getStringEncoder().isVowel(("I")));
+        assertTrue(this.getStringEncoder().isVowel("I"));
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/net/CustomRFC1522Codec.java 
b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/net/CustomRFC1522Codec.java
index 6bee3040..43818fef 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/net/CustomRFC1522Codec.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/net/CustomRFC1522Codec.java
@@ -34,27 +34,27 @@ public class CustomRFC1522Codec extends RFC1522Codec {
     }
 
     @Override
-    protected byte[] doEncoding(byte[] bytes) throws EncoderException {
+    protected byte[] doEncoding(final byte[] bytes) throws EncoderException {
         return null;
     }
 
     @Override
-    protected byte[] doDecoding(byte[] bytes) throws DecoderException {
+    protected byte[] doDecoding(final byte[] bytes) throws DecoderException {
         return null;
     }
 
     @Override
-    protected String encodeText(String text, Charset charset) throws 
EncoderException {
+    protected String encodeText(final String text, final Charset charset) 
throws EncoderException {
         return super.encodeText(text, charset);
     }
 
     @Override
-    protected String encodeText(String text, String charsetName) throws 
EncoderException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    protected String encodeText(final String text, final String charsetName) 
throws EncoderException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
         return super.encodeText(text, charsetName);
     }
 
     @Override
-    protected String decodeText(String text) throws DecoderException, 
UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    protected String decodeText(final String text) throws DecoderException, 
UnsupportedEncodingException {
         return super.decodeText(text);
     }
 

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