Hi there,
I'm having some trouble using the linker... I am using V4.1.2 as part of
the WinAVR package. The issue I am having is as follows... The package
includes a linker script named avr5.x. In that script it has the line
"PROVIDE(__heap_start = .)". When I use the linker with
--defsym=__heap_start=0x801100, the value generated for __heap_start by the
provide is used (0x800124 in my case) rather than the --defsym value. If I
comment out the provide line in the linker script the compile fails with an
error "Undefined reference to __heap_start" as my code references
__heap_start to initialise the heap... Should the --defsym not be providing
__heap_start to my code in the absence of the provide() statement? And the
--defsym should also override the provide() statement!
I am not 100% sure this is a bug, but cant find any other explanation.
Some forum searches reveled some mention of the command line not working in
this case. I image this would be a commonly used command line option so
should be OK???
Any help would be greatly appreciated... I have attached the linker
script and makefiles in case they are of use...
Thanks
Ashley
###############################################################################
# Makefile for the project LinkTuner
###############################################################################
## General Flags
PROJECT = LinkTuner
MCU = atmega128
TARGET = LinkTuner.elf
CC = avr-gcc.exe
## Options common to compile, link and assembly rules
COMMON = -mmcu=$(MCU)
## Compile options common for all C compilation units.
CFLAGS = $(COMMON)
CFLAGS += -Wall -gdwarf-2 -std=gnu99 -DDEBUG -DF_CPU=16000000UL -Os
-funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
CFLAGS += -MD -MP -MT $(*F).o -MF dep/$(@F).d
## Assembly specific flags
ASMFLAGS = $(COMMON)
ASMFLAGS += $(CFLAGS)
ASMFLAGS += -x assembler-with-cpp -Wa,-gdwarf2
## Linker flags
LDFLAGS = $(COMMON)
LDFLAGS += --defsym=__heap_end=0x806B57 --defsym=__heap_start=0x801100
-minit-stack=0x90FF -Wl,-Map=LinkTuner.map
LDFLAGS += -Wl,-section-start=.data=0x800100
LDFLAGS += -Wl,-section-start=.heap=0x801100
LDFLAGS += -Wl,-section-start=.screenbuffer=0x806b58
LDFLAGS += -Wl,-section-start=.noMemory=0x809100
## Intel Hex file production flags
HEX_FLASH_FLAGS = -R .eeprom
HEX_EEPROM_FLAGS = -j .eeprom
HEX_EEPROM_FLAGS += --set-section-flags=.eeprom="alloc,load"
HEX_EEPROM_FLAGS += --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 --no-change-warnings
## Include Directories
INCLUDES = -I"D:\Ashley\Projects\LinkTuner\..\MiOS\include"
-I"D:\Ashley\Projects\LinkTuner\Include"
-I"D:\Ashley\Projects\LinkTuner\..\MiOS"
## Objects that must be built in order to link
OBJECTS = imgs.o LCD.o LinkTuner.o graphics.o Heap.o
## Objects explicitly added by the user
LINKONLYOBJECTS =
## Build
all: $(TARGET) LinkTuner.hex LinkTuner.eep LinkTuner.lss size
## Compile
imgs.o: ../Source/imgs.c
$(CC) $(INCLUDES) $(CFLAGS) -c $<
LCD.o: ../Source/LCD.c
$(CC) $(INCLUDES) $(CFLAGS) -c $<
LinkTuner.o: ../Source/LinkTuner.c
$(CC) $(INCLUDES) $(CFLAGS) -c $<
graphics.o: ../Source/graphics.c
$(CC) $(INCLUDES) $(CFLAGS) -c $<
Heap.o: ../../MiOS/Heap.c
$(CC) $(INCLUDES) $(CFLAGS) -c $<
##Link
$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(OBJECTS) $(LINKONLYOBJECTS) $(LIBDIRS) $(LIBS) -o
$(TARGET)
%.hex: $(TARGET)
avr-objcopy -O ihex $(HEX_FLASH_FLAGS) $< $@
%.eep: $(TARGET)
-avr-objcopy $(HEX_EEPROM_FLAGS) -O ihex $< $@ || exit 0
%.lss: $(TARGET)
avr-objdump -h -S $< > $@
size: ${TARGET}
@echo
@avr-size -C --mcu=${MCU} ${TARGET}
## Clean target
.PHONY: clean
clean:
-rm -rf $(OBJECTS) LinkTuner.elf dep/* LinkTuner.hex LinkTuner.eep
LinkTuner.lss LinkTuner.map
## Other dependencies
-include $(shell mkdir dep 2>/dev/null) $(wildcard dep/*)
/* Default linker script, for normal executables */
OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-avr","elf32-avr","elf32-avr")
OUTPUT_ARCH(avr:5)
MEMORY
{
text (rx) : ORIGIN = 0, LENGTH = 128K
data (rw!x) : ORIGIN = 0x800060, LENGTH = 0xffa0
eeprom (rw!x) : ORIGIN = 0x810000, LENGTH = 64K
}
SECTIONS
{
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.gnu.version_r : { *(.gnu.version_r) }
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.rel.text :
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*(.rel.gnu.linkonce.d*)
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.rela.data :
{
*(.rela.data)
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}
.rel.ctors : { *(.rel.ctors) }
.rela.ctors : { *(.rela.ctors) }
.rel.dtors : { *(.rel.dtors) }
.rela.dtors : { *(.rela.dtors) }
.rel.got : { *(.rel.got) }
.rela.got : { *(.rela.got) }
.rel.bss : { *(.rel.bss) }
.rela.bss : { *(.rela.bss) }
.rel.plt : { *(.rel.plt) }
.rela.plt : { *(.rela.plt) }
/* Internal text space or external memory. */
.text :
{
*(.vectors)
KEEP(*(.vectors))
/* For data that needs to reside in the lower 64k of progmem. */
*(.progmem.gcc*)
*(.progmem*)
. = ALIGN(2);
__trampolines_start = . ;
/* The jump trampolines for the 16-bit limited relocs will reside here. */
*(.trampolines)
*(.trampolines*)
__trampolines_end = . ;
/* For future tablejump instruction arrays for 3 byte pc devices.
We don't relax jump/call instructions within these sections. */
*(.jumptables)
*(.jumptables*)
/* For code that needs to reside in the lower 128k progmem. */
*(.lowtext)
*(.lowtext*)
__ctors_start = . ;
*(.ctors)
__ctors_end = . ;
__dtors_start = . ;
*(.dtors)
__dtors_end = . ;
KEEP(SORT(*)(.ctors))
KEEP(SORT(*)(.dtors))
/* From this point on, we don't bother about wether the insns are
below or above the 16 bits boundary. */
*(.init0) /* Start here after reset. */
KEEP (*(.init0))
*(.init1)
KEEP (*(.init1))
*(.init2) /* Clear __zero_reg__, set up stack pointer. */
KEEP (*(.init2))
*(.init3)
KEEP (*(.init3))
*(.init4) /* Initialize data and BSS. */
KEEP (*(.init4))
*(.init5)
KEEP (*(.init5))
*(.init6) /* C++ constructors. */
KEEP (*(.init6))
*(.init7)
KEEP (*(.init7))
*(.init8)
KEEP (*(.init8))
*(.init9) /* Call main(). */
KEEP (*(.init9))
*(.text)
. = ALIGN(2);
*(.text.*)
. = ALIGN(2);
*(.fini9) /* _exit() starts here. */
KEEP (*(.fini9))
*(.fini8)
KEEP (*(.fini8))
*(.fini7)
KEEP (*(.fini7))
*(.fini6) /* C++ destructors. */
KEEP (*(.fini6))
*(.fini5)
KEEP (*(.fini5))
*(.fini4)
KEEP (*(.fini4))
*(.fini3)
KEEP (*(.fini3))
*(.fini2)
KEEP (*(.fini2))
*(.fini1)
KEEP (*(.fini1))
*(.fini0) /* Infinite loop after program termination. */
KEEP (*(.fini0))
_etext = . ;
} > text
.data : AT (ADDR (.text) + SIZEOF (.text))
{
PROVIDE (__data_start = .) ;
*(.data)
*(.data*)
*(.rodata) /* We need to include .rodata here if gcc is used */
*(.rodata*) /* with -fdata-sections. */
*(.gnu.linkonce.d*)
. = ALIGN(2);
_edata = . ;
PROVIDE (__data_end = .) ;
} > data
.bss SIZEOF(.data) + ADDR(.data) :
{
PROVIDE (__bss_start = .) ;
*(.bss)
*(.bss*)
*(COMMON)
PROVIDE (__bss_end = .) ;
} > data
__data_load_start = LOADADDR(.data);
__data_load_end = __data_load_start + SIZEOF(.data);
/* Global data not cleared after reset. */
.noinit SIZEOF(.bss) + ADDR(.bss) :
{
PROVIDE (__noinit_start = .) ;
*(.noinit*)
PROVIDE (__noinit_end = .) ;
_end = . ;
PROVIDE (__heap_start = .) ;
} > data
.eeprom :
{
*(.eeprom*)
__eeprom_end = . ;
} > eeprom
/* Stabs debugging sections. */
.stab 0 : { *(.stab) }
.stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) }
.stab.excl 0 : { *(.stab.excl) }
.stab.exclstr 0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) }
.stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) }
.stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) }
.comment 0 : { *(.comment) }
/* DWARF debug sections.
Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to the beginning
of the section so we begin them at 0. */
/* DWARF 1 */
.debug 0 : { *(.debug) }
.line 0 : { *(.line) }
/* GNU DWARF 1 extensions */
.debug_srcinfo 0 : { *(.debug_srcinfo) }
.debug_sfnames 0 : { *(.debug_sfnames) }
/* DWARF 1.1 and DWARF 2 */
.debug_aranges 0 : { *(.debug_aranges) }
.debug_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_pubnames) }
/* DWARF 2 */
.debug_info 0 : { *(.debug_info) *(.gnu.linkonce.wi.*) }
.debug_abbrev 0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) }
.debug_line 0 : { *(.debug_line) }
.debug_frame 0 : { *(.debug_frame) }
.debug_str 0 : { *(.debug_str) }
.debug_loc 0 : { *(.debug_loc) }
.debug_macinfo 0 : { *(.debug_macinfo) }
}
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