On Mon, 8 Jul 2024, 05:23 alex xmb sw ratchev, <fxmb...@gmail.com> wrote:
> i dont get the BASH_SOURCE[n] one
> the point of prefix $PWD/ infront of relative paths is a static part of
> fitting into the first lines of the script , assigning vars
>
That's not the only use case.
Consider where you have a script that uses two independently written
libraries, each comprising a main and number of ancillary files. Each
library is installed in its own directory, but that directory isn't encoded
into the library.
The standard advice would be to add both directories to PATH (or some
stand-in such as BASH_SOURCE_PATH), however remember, these are
independently written libraries, and the same filename could be used for
files in both libraries, or the "main" script.
By far the most straightforward way to avoid this problem is to source
files using paths relative to (the directory containing) the file
containing the "." or "source" statement itself. But there is no fully
general, portable, and reliable ways to do this, since:
* "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" might be a relative path based on somewhere in PATH
rather than $PWD, or relative to a different $PWD that's been outdated by cd
;
* "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" might be a symbolic link into a different directory;
* The directory containing any given file might be unreachable from the
root directory (because of filesystem permissions, process restrictions
(SELinux contexts and equivalents on other OSes), version shadowing, mount
shadowing, soft unmounting, mount namespaces, and probably numerous other
reasons I haven't thought of).
While some of these are intractable, Bash itself at least has a better
chance of getting it right than having to embed screeds of boilerplate code
in every "portable" script. (The more portable/reliable the boilerplate
solution is, the larger and more complex it is, and if it involves
realpath, the slower it gets.)
It's not possible to change "${BASH_SOURCE[@]}" without breaking some
existing code, which leaves us with some kind of explicit opt-in such as:
# 1. mark the source command itself
source -r file_in_same_dir.bash
# 2. Change the default behaviour via shopt/-O
#!/bin/bash -Orelsource
source file_in_same_dir.bash
# 3. set all the forward compat options by controlling argv[0]
#!/bin/bash7
source file_in_same_dir.bash
Or else we could use a new variable such as "${BASH_SOURCE_DIR[@]}" to hold
the normalized directories (and they're slightly less work than normalizing
the whole path and then discarding the last component).
Whatever solution is chosen, I would like it to be easier for a script
author to do the right thing than to do the wrong thing. And all the better
if it could quietly fix the myriad scripts out there that assume [[ ${0%/*}
-ef . ]].
-Martin
