Named will try TCP when the server returns TC=1 (TrunCated) in the UDP response.
If you are getting RST responses check your firewall settings. RST is often
forged
when TCP is blocked. The root servers normally accept TCP connections.
% dig +tcp gmail.com @a.root-servers.net +dnssec
; <<>> DiG 9.15.4<<>> +tcp gmail.com @a.root-servers.net +dnssec
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 10648
;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 15, ADDITIONAL: 27
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags: do; udp: 1232
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;gmail.com. IN A
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
com. 172800 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS b.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS c.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS d.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS f.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS i.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS j.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS k.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS l.gtld-servers.net.
com. 172800 IN NS m.gtld-servers.net.
com. 86400 IN DS 30909 8 2
E2D3C916F6DEEAC73294E8268FB5885044A833FC5459588F4A9184CF C41A5766
com. 86400 IN RRSIG DS 8 1 86400 20200831210000
20200818200000 46594 . PYeeQv/k4ZmcU9umNOIIKJFf3lyVEfd740ppq1E+hiv037ckkEsqMKiQ
rELQZnazq/J4mPZHGV0oyrEpLXMIcEbwBHLLH9I06LyLxlipWWvo56A8
xmJNfbMgRefV1tM45azUETCDLUzIWTZDcAAHEszZKqeyMXNJAWb8h8Ip
6DbVBGS8g9mYyUVt2xiOafw18ZZyljBnb/mdYUOKKs5q7+b/CrbtCVip
jINz6vdGAEnFNMS4K8GsL/x9usZ3jVFt9YErWFYJfBovlkUGqEQGYt2i
IsvBMzeh4K43jJeaKd/4M0ZVJ6j8w61Hq9BHyi/f6FM7ANbzLSHm11y8 PENYkA==
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
a.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30
b.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30
c.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30
d.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30
e.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30
f.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30
g.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30
h.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30
i.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30
j.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30
k.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30
l.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30
m.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30
a.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30
b.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:231d::2:30
c.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:83eb::30
d.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:856e::30
e.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:1ca1::30
f.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d414::30
g.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:eea3::30
h.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:8cc::30
i.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:39c1::30
j.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:7094::30
k.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d2d::30
l.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:d937::30
m.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:501:b1f9::30
;; Query time: 327 msec
;; SERVER: 2001:503:ba3e::2:30#53(2001:503:ba3e::2:30)
;; WHEN: Wed Aug 19 10:48:11 AEST 2020
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 1169
%
Mark
> On 19 Aug 2020, at 10:34, David Newman via bind-users
> <bind-users@lists.isc.org> wrote:
>
> bind 9.11.5.P4 on Debian 10
>
> Greetings. I recently had to migrate a nameserver from FreeBSD to
> Debian. It works fine most of the time but I've noticed a few
> intermittent resolution failures.
>
> After "gmail.com" failed to resolve I took a packet capture using
> tcpdump to listen to the result of the command "dig -t mx gmail.com" and
> here's what I found:
>
> 1. That query over UDP, with responses over UDP pointing to Google's
> nameservers
>
> 2. Nearly 200 attempts to reach root servers over TCP, followed
> immediately by RST messages from the root servers.
>
> Some time later, gmail.com started resolving succesfully again, clearing
> up the issue for now.
>
> AFAIK there's nothing in the BIND configs that would force the use of
> TCP queries. I checked the docs for various TCP options and didn't see
> any applied here. I don't know if the TCP queries are related to the
> gmail.com resolution failure but I suspect they are (and in any event
> inability to reach root servers is a problem).
>
> This server is authoritative for several domains. It gets its zones from
> a hidden primary. The system's firewall permits inbound TCP and UDP
> traffic on port 53 and AFAIK does not block outbound UDP (the firewall
> is nftables, which is new to me, but since I see UDP queries in the
> packet capture I think it works).
>
> What would cause the server to send queries over TCP?
>
> Thanks in advance for troubleshooting clues.
>
>
> dn
>
>
>
> CONFIG FILES
>
> (named.conf is just pointers to .local and .options and .default-zones)
>
> // named.conf.local
>
> acl "xfer" {
> // redacted -- a list of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses I trust
> };
>
> controls {
> inet 127.0.0.1 port 953 allow { 127.0.0.1; };
> };
>
> logging {
> channel simple_log {
> file "/var/log/named/named.log" versions 30 size 1m;
> severity info;
> print-time yes;
> print-severity yes;
> print-category yes;
> };
> category default { simple_log; };
> category update { simple_log; };
> category update-security { simple_log; };
> category security { simple_log; };
> category queries { simple_log; };
> category lame-servers { null; };
> };
>
> zone "example1.org" in {
> type slave;
> file "example1.org.bak";
> masters { 198.18.0.53; }; // not the real address
> allow-query { any; };
> allow-transfer { xfer; };
> };
>
> zone "example2.org" in {
> type slave;
> file "example2.org.bak";
> masters { 198.18.0.53; }; // not the real address
> allow-query { any; };
> allow-transfer { xfer; };
> };
>
> // etc.
>
>
> // named.conf.options
>
> acl "trusted" {
>
> // redacted -- a list of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses I trust
> };
>
> options {
> directory "/var/cache/bind";
> pid-file "/var/run/named/named.pid";
> statistics-file "/var/run/named/named.stats";
> transfer-format many-answers;
> masterfile-format text;
> max-transfer-time-in 60;
> allow-query { any; };
> allow-recursion { trusted; };
> allow-query-cache { trusted; };
> allow-transfer { xfer; };
> version none;
>
> disable-empty-zone "255.255.255.255.IN-ADDR.ARPA";
> disable-empty-zone
> "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA";
> disable-empty-zone
> "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.IP6.ARPA";
>
>
> querylog yes;
>
>
> };
> _______________________________________________
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> from this list
>
> ISC funds the development of this software with paid support subscriptions.
> Contact us at https://www.isc.org/contact/ for more information.
>
>
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--
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742 INTERNET: ma...@isc.org
_______________________________________________
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